The Emergence and Development of Ethnolinguistics

The end of the 19th century, In the second half of the 20th century, a new branch of linguistics, Ethnolinguistics has been emerged. Ethnolinguistics studies the relationship between ethnic culture and language. Ethnolinguistics - (ethno from the Greek éthnos - people, tribes, ethnolinguistic; ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics) reflects the peculiarities of the understanding of the world by ethnic groups, the connection and relationship between linguistic and linguistic peoples, the development of language, language and culture is a field that studies the combined influence of linguistic and ethnic factors on the functional features of linguistics studied in communication. It examines the contribution of different ethnic groups to the language and its development, as well as the similarities, commonalities, or separations between ethnic groups. Ethnolinguistics refers to the ethnic aspect of language and the linguistic features of an ethnos, ethnolinguistic processes in internal and interethnic relations, the role of language in the formation and functioning of ethnic communities, language and traditional culture, ethnic identity of thought, ethnolinguistic classification of world languages. Ethnolinguistics is an expression of culture in which the task of analyzing the ethnic characteristics of a people from a linguistic point of view is to inform the reader about it. While linguistics studies the natural language, its structure and laws, ethnolinguistics reflects the linguistic expression of folk culture, that is, the customs and traditions reflected in the language, the paremiological fund of the language, language standards, signs and symbols. , learns language analogies and metaphors, anthroponyms, forms of speech etiquette

Prediction and Prevention of the Development of Partial and Complete Defects of the Dentition in Women in Early Menopause

Dentistry is one of the priority areas, which is due to its decisive role in maintaining the homeostasis of the oral cavity, high sensitivity to various influences and non-invasiveness of the method. A number of studies have proven that salivary glands change their structure and function with various fluctuations of sex steroids, which leads to qualitative changes in the composition of their secret. This is due to the presence of estrogen receptors in the exocrinocytes of the terminal sections and cells of the excretory ducts of the salivary glands. It is known that changes in the properties of saliva affect the condition of the hard tissues of the teeth, periodontal tissues, oral mucosa and the microbial landscape of the oral cavity. However, to date, no studies have been conducted to determine the nature and severity of changes in the functional parameters of the salivary glands and the parameters of dental status in the early period of surgical menopause, when the female body finds itself in conditions of a sharp absolute estrogen deficiency without an adaptation phase to a new condition

Optimization of treatment of early neurological complications in cardioembolic stroke

 Stroke remains the most important medical and social problem due to its high prevalence among all cerebrovascular diseases, as well as a leading position in the structure of overall morbidity and mortality of the population. This article examines new approaches to improving the effectiveness of management of patients in the acute period of CEI based on more accurate diagnosis, prediction of its course and outcomes, and optimization of neuroprotective therapy. In Uzbekistan, the number of patients with brain stroke is quite large-about 40-45 thousand cases of brain stroke are registered annually. Among the known subtypes of ischemic stroke, cardioembolic stroke (CEI) is particularly difficult to diagnose and treat, which is more severe than other subtypes. This article examines new approaches to improving the efficiency of management of patients in the acute period of cardioembolic stroke, based on more accurate diagnosis, prediction of its course and outcomes, and optimization of neuroprotective therapy

An Ethnolinguistic Study of the Units Involved in Clothing and their Part Names

Analysis of literature on the topic. Bibish Joraevas candidacy work clarified the issue of the role of the proverb in the language-speech conflict. Also, for the first time in Uzbek linguistics, the issues of polysemy, synonymy and variantness of proverbs are covered in detail, and their unique and occasional features are revealed. Based on the research work, as H. Umarova and D. Turdalieva rightly stated, “The important task of creating a complete synonym dictionary of folk proverbs in Uzbek linguistics was accomplished by Bibish Jo‘raeva” [13,47]. In her doctoral dissertation, the scientist studied the linguistic foundations of the formation of Uzbek folk proverbs

ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF THE PEOPLES OF THE VOLGA REGION IN THE HISTORICAL, THNOGRAPHIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL ESTUDIES OF THE XIX–XXI CENTURIES

Цель. Целью данной статьи является анализ исторических, этнографических и философских материалов об экологической культуре народов Поволжья, что необходимо для определения сущности последней.Метод или методология проведения работы. В статье используются классические методы научного исследования: сравнительно-исторический, логический, ретроспективный, проблемно-хронологический и др. Кроме того, в исследовании находит отражение такой методологический прием, как критика источников об экологических взглядах народов Поволжья. По мысли М. Хайдеггера, данный метод включает «весь комплекс разыскания, сопоставления, проверки, оценки, хранения и истолкования источников». Критикуя различные текстовые источники по конкретной проблеме, исследователь занимает диалогическую позицию по отношению к их авторам, что позволяет ему стремиться к более объективным выводам.Результаты. Процесс изучения экологической культуры Поволжского региона можно разделить на три периода: этнографический – XIX – первая четверть XX вв.; технократический – 1930–1960-е гг.; экоориентированный – 1970–2000-е гг. Выделение обозначенных периодов обусловлено социальными и политическими преобразованиями, происходившие в России и, как следствие, повлиявшие на характер научных исследований Поволжья.Область применения результатов. Обращение к истории изучения экологической культуры народов Поволжья позволит систематизировать сведения о роли человека в региональной экосистеме.Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze the historical, ethnographic and philosophical materials about the ecological culture of the Volga region, which is necessary to determine the essence of the latter.Methodology. The article uses classical methods of scientific research: comparative-historical, logical, retrospective, problem-chronological, etc.In addition, the study reflects such a methodological technique as criticism of sources about the environmental views of the peoples of the Volga region. According to Martin Heidegger, this method includes “the whole complex of search, comparison, verification, evaluation, storage and interpretation of sources”. Criticizing various text sources on a specific problem, the researcher takes a dialogical position in relation to their authors, which allows him to seek more objective conclusions.Results. The process of studying the ecological culture of the Volga region can be divided into three periods: ethnographic – XIX – the first quarter of the XX centuries; technocratic – 1930–1960-ies; eco-oriented – 1970–2000-ies.the Allocation of the designated periods is due to social and political transformations that took place in Russia and, as a consequence, influenced the nature of scientific research in the Volga region.Practical implications. An appeal to the history of the study of ecological culture of the peoples of the Volga region will systematize information about the role of man in the regional ecosystem

Aspecto sociolinguístico do ensino das línguas turcas como segunda língua

The article is devoted to the problem of teaching one of the Turkish languages – Tatar language as a non-native language in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan of the Russian Federation. It emphasizes the importance of taking into account the sociolinguistic aspect, as an effective means of teaching.In the educational organizations of Tatarstan, after the adoption of the "Law about peoples languages of the Republic of Tatarstan", multilingualism successfully functions. Students study Tatar, Russian and one foreign language. In addition, national schools are required to learn their native language (for example, Chuvash, Udmurt, Bashkir, Mari etc.).Conducting balanced language policy in the field of education serves mutual understanding, respect for the spiritual values of peoples, the development of their language and culture. The state status of the Tatar and Russian languages should be ensured by their parity use in all government bodies, enterprises and organizations, in the media, in the spheres of science, culture, service etc.Since Tatar and Russian languages are state-owned in the republic, national-Russian and Russian-national parity bilingualism is the basis for the harmonization of interpersonal relations in a multinational state. In addition, Tatar language knowledge provides an opportunity to communicate with many representatives of the Turkish-speaking countries.  The results presented in the article will help to solve the problems of creating comfortable conditions to master communicative, linguistic and ethnocultural competencies, and effective methods for solving learning issues and other Turkic languages.El artículo está dedicado al problema de la enseñanza de una de las lenguas turcas: la lengua tártara como lengua no nativa en las condiciones de la República de Tatarstán de la Federación de Rusia. Enfatiza la importancia de tomar en cuenta el aspecto sociolingüístico, como un medio efectivo de enseñanza.En las organizaciones educativas de Tatarstán, después de la adopción de la "Ley sobre los idiomas de los pueblos de la República de Tatarstán", el multilingüismo funciona con éxito. Los estudiantes estudian tártaro, ruso y un idioma extranjero. Además, las escuelas nacionales deben aprender su lengua materna (por ejemplo, Chuvash, Udmurt, Bashkir, Mari, etc.).Llevar a cabo una política lingüística equilibrada en el campo de la educación sirve para el entendimiento mutuo, el respeto por los valores espirituales de los pueblos, el desarrollo de su idioma y cultura. El estado de las lenguas tártara y rusa debe garantizarse mediante el uso de paridad en todos los organismos gubernamentales, empresas y organizaciones, en los medios de comunicación, en las esferas de la ciencia, la cultura, el servicio, etc.Dado que las lenguas tártara y rusa son de propiedad estatal en la república, el bilingüismo de paridad nacional-ruso y ruso-nacional es la base para la armonización de las relaciones interpersonales en un estado multinacional. Además, el conocimiento del idioma tártaro brinda la oportunidad de comunicarse con muchos representantes de los países de habla turca.Los resultados presentados en el artículo ayudarán a resolver los problemas de la creación de condiciones cómodas para dominar las competencias comunicativas, lingüísticas y etnoculturales, y los métodos efectivos para resolver problemas de aprendizaje y otras lenguas túrquicas.O artigo é dedicado ao problema de ensinar uma das línguas turcas: a língua tártara como língua não nativa nas condições da República do Tartaristão da Federação Russa. Enfatiza a importância de levar em conta o aspecto sociolinguístico, como um meio efetivo de ensino.Nas organizações educacionais do Tartaristão, após a adoção da "Lei sobre as línguas dos povos da República do Tartaristão", o multilinguismo funciona com sucesso. Os alunos estudam tártaro, russo e uma língua estrangeira. Além disso, as escolas nacionais devem aprender a sua língua materna (por exemplo, Chuvash, Udmurt, Bashkir, Mari, etc.).A execução de uma política linguística equilibrada no campo da educação serve para a compreensão mútua, o respeito pelos valores espirituais das pessoas, o desenvolvimento da sua língua e cultura. O estado do Tatar e Russo deve ser assegurada pela utilização de paridade em todas as agências estatais, empresas e organizações na mídia, nas áreas de ciência, cultura, serviços, etc.Desde as línguas tártaros e russos são propriedade do Estado na República, a paridade nacional-russo e russo-nacional bilinguismo é a base para a harmonização das relações interpessoais em um estado multinacional. Além disso, o conhecimento da língua tártara oferece a oportunidade de se comunicar com muitos representantes de países de língua turca.Os resultados apresentados no artigo vai ajudar a resolver os problemas de criar condições confortáveis para dominar habilidades comunicativas, lingüísticas e etno-culturais e métodos eficazes para resolver problemas de aprendizagem e outras línguas turcas

Ethnolinguistics: Emergence, Development and Theoretical Research

Modern linguistics has been widely adopted by anthropologists who operate on the basis of deep knowledge and deep thinking in various fields, from historical and descriptive studies to semantics and a variety of social orientations. Most of the work of scientists conducting research in this paradigm is devoted to well-defined scientific problems; their theoretical foundations are firmly established, their methodology is well established, and their results are clearly visible. Ethnolinguistics (anthropological linguistics in world linguistics) is an independent branch of science called “cultural anthropology” (lat. anthropos - man); language, folklore, ethnography, history, cultural studies, fiction, psychology and other humanitarian sciences

Chronic Heart Failure and Progressive Angina

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a “pathophysiological syndrome in which, as a result of a particular disease of the cardiovascular system or under the influence of other etiological causes, the heart’s ability to fill or empty is impaired, accompanied by an imbalance of the neurohumoral systems (RAAS, sympathoadrenal system, natriuretic peptides, kallikrein-kinin system). As well as the development of vasoconstriction and fluid retention, there is a dysfunction of the heart (remodeling) and other target organs (proliferation), as well as a discrepancy between the provision of organs and tissues of the body with blood and oxygen with their metabolic needs” [1-3]

Taxonomic Analysis of Hunting Milk Markers in Uzbekistan

Of the 19 species of mammals allowed to hunt in Uzbekistan, 13 species have been identified in Bukhara region. In particular, the taxonomic analysis of mammals hunted in the region revealed that 5 species of mammals were hunted on the basis of appropriate permits, 4 species of mammals were hunted illegally.  Of these, 3 species (Canis lupus, Felislibyca, Ondatrazibethicus) and 1 species (Gazellasubgutturoza) were identified as hunting in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. [1]

Innovations in Turkic Language Teaching under conditions of Polyilinguism

The article deals with the issues of innovative technology application in teaching Tatar as a non-native language. It has been established that recently all levels of the Republic of Tatarstan educational system in Russian Federation have undergone major changes. At the same time, traditional forms of instruction are preserved in the general education organizations of the republic (Kharisova,2015,P. 170; Galiullina,2014P. 698). Its main attributes are described: an academic year, a school day, a school week, a quarter, holidays, a break, the schedule of lessons, etc. New forms of lessons used in the learning process are considered: creativity lesson, a lesson of work, communication lesson, a friendship lesson, a lesson-meeting, a lesson-concert, a lesson-conversation, an integrated lesson, a lesson-roundtable, a lesson-workshop, etc. The specific concepts and terms inherent in innovative technologies are distinguished: innovation, activity, an integral personality, learner's needs, a personality. The main goals of new technology introduction in the process of Tatar language teaching are indicated. The conclusion was made about the effectiveness of the following innovative technology application in teaching: modular technology, game technologies, design method, Singapore technology, problem-heuristic technology, computer technologies. The problem of modern technology introduction during Tatar language teaching should occupy a leading place in general education organizations. With the reference to the object of our research, the term "technology" implies a set of techniques and methods used by a teacher in the process of work, as well as the teaching materials used in Tatar language teaching (TMC, computer technologies, video and audio materials, etc.)