Factors affect attitude towards using e-Caruman of Employees Provident Fund / Nur Hanani Bohari

The technology acceptance model has identified the role of the perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use constructs in the information technology adoption process. Whereas past research has been valuable in explaining how such beliefs lead to system use such as online banking, online shopping, e-government and others support system. Therefor this study is to examine what extend attitude using e-caruman towards employers affected with the Technology acceptance model factors. In completing this research, cluster sampling was used. The sample for this survey was drawn from 220 employers who have i-Akaun and make payment at EPF counter. The questionnaires were distributed during peak hours within 2 weeks by researcher. There are three conceptual factors which are perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and perceived web security has been analysed. The study revealed that perceived usefulness standout as main influential factors towards attitude using the e-caruman service

Development of green banana (Musa paradisiaca) as potential food packaging films and coatings

The aim of this study was to develop biodegradable packaging films based on a unripe green banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) with different plasticizers; glycerol, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sorbitol at various concentrations (10-50%). Banana films were produced by using casting method and physical properties of these films were determined. Banana films with 10% of PEG showed the lowest water solubility (P≤0.05) followed by films with glycerol and sorbitol. Banana films with 40% plasticizers possessed the lowest water vapour permeability (WVP) whereas films with 30% glycerol exhibited higher values of tensile strength (P≤0.05) compared to films with PEG and sorbitol. However, types of plasticizers did not influence the thickness of the films. Also, used of higher concentrations of plasticizers had increased the solubility values. These findings reveal that concentrations and types of plasticizers have significant roles to provide banana film or coating with good physical properties

Knowledge Level on Bagworm in Oil Palm and its Control Using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Practices Among Independent Oil Palm Smallholders in Johor

Bagworm (Psychidae) and nettle caterpillars (Limacodidae) are among the major insect pests of oil palm in Malaysia. Bagworm from the species Metisa plana is the most destructive insect pests compared to nettle caterpillar in oil palm plantations. Outbreaks of bagworms were frequently occurred in various areas own by independent oil palm smallholders in Johor. At present, no scientific study has been conducted to indicate the level of knowledge among the independent oil palm smallholders on bagworm and its control, especially using the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine knowledge level on bagworm and its control using IPM among 313 independent smallholders in three infestation areas in Johor, which are Mukim Chaah Bahru, Mukim Chaah, Mukim Paloh and Mukim Chamek. Data were collected by interview guided with a questionnaire consisting 23 questions regarding bagworm and its IPM practices. Most of the respondents are more than 51 years (61.1%), with 77.7% males and 22.3% females. They are mostly having primary (47.1%) and secondary (47.5%) school qualifications. This study found that most of the respondents have a basic understanding of bagworm in oil palm and its control measures using IPM practices, but their knowledge is still at a low level. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between the level of knowledge on bagworm and its control methods with race, education level and field management experience among the respondents. Therefore, more focus should be given by extension agents to enhance smallholder knowledge on bagworm management, especially in the potential and affected areas in Johor

Evaluation Of Awareness, Perception, Attitude And Behaviour Among General Public Towards Smoke-Free Policy In The State Of Melaka, Malaysia

Secara umumnya, asap rokok basi telah mengakibatkan 600,000 kematian pada tahun 2011, dengan 75% daripadanya adalah melibatkan wanita dan kanak-kanak. Di Malaysia, pendedahan asap rokok basi seringkali berlaku di tempat-tempat awam, tempat kerja dan di rumah. Lebih daripada 8 orang dalam setiap 10 orang dewasa (8.6 juta) dianggarkan terdedah kepada asap rokok basi semasa melawat ke tempat-tempat awam seperti kafe, kedai kopi, restoran, bistro dan bar. Dilaporkan, seramai 4 daripada 10 orang dewasa (7.6 juta) yang bekerja di dalam bangunan telah terdedah kepada asap rokok basi di tempat kerja. Seramai 4 daripada 10 orang dewasa (7.6 juta) telah terdedah kepada asap rokok basi di dalam rumah mereka. Kaedah yang paling berkesan untuk melindungi orang awam daripada pendedahan asap rokok basi adalah dengan menyediakan persekitaran 100% bebas daripada asap rokok. Di Malaysia, Melaka merupakan negeri yang pertama melaksanakan 100% bandar bebas asap rokok sejak 15 Jun 2011. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan perlaksanaan polisi Melaka Bebas Asap Rokok berkaitan kesedaran, persepsi, sikap dan tingkah laku merokok dalam kalangan penduduk di Melaka. Globally, second-hand smoke is responsible for 600,000 deaths in 2011, 75% of these affecting women and children. In Malaysia, exposure to second-hand smoke occurs mainly in public places, workplaces and homes. It is estimated that more than 8 in 10 adults (8.6 million) are exposed to second-hand smoke in a public environments, e.g. cafes, coffee shops, restaurants, bistros and bars. For indoor workers, four in 10 (7.6 million) are reportedly exposed to second-hand smoke at their workplace. Exposure to second-hand smoke in homes affects 4 in every 10 adults (7.6 million). The only effective way to protect people from second-hand is to provide a 100% smoke-free environment. In Malaysia, Melaka is the first state that has implemented a 100% smoke-free city since 15th June 2011. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the Smoke-Free Melaka City policy in relation to awareness, perception, attitude and behaviour of smokers in Melaka

The impact of cigarette warning label towards smoker / Nur Hanani Azmi

This research attempt to seek what is the impact of cigarette warning label towards smoker in area of Rembau. The analysis gathered in this research will also to identified adding an image to an existing text warning will be more effective to the smoker or not. A sample of 60 people around Rembau has been selected by using the random purposive sampling technique. The data collected in this research was taken by using the 'adapt and adopt' technique questionnaire. A total of 22 question is included to conclude the perception of the males and females people around Rembau area, to analyze the pictorial health warning on cigarette labels merged to changed their perception or not. Findings of this research shows that the smokers are aware to that cigarette warning label but they ignore it and does not have realize that smoking will effects their health in the future

Development Of Rice-Based Snacks Fortified With Pumpkin Flour

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of three levels of pumpkin flour on the nutritional composition, physical properties (expansion ratio, bulk density, and colour) and textural properties of the rice-based snacks fortified with pumpkin flour. Extruded snacks were produced by substituting black rice with different percentage of pumpkin flour (5, 10 and 15%). Extruded snack made with 50% black rice and 50% broken rice (fix) was used as a control. Proximate analysis was conducted to determine the nutritional composition of the extrudates with different formulation

The cultivation of immobilized chlorella vulgaris in different culture medium for biodiesel production

Microalgae is known as an alternative source and promising feedstock for biodiesel production that can produce oil due to their simple unicellular structure and high photosynthetic efficiency. In this experiment, Chlorella vulgaris is selected as microalgae as this species is able to produce high oil for biodiesel processing. Immobilization is one of the harvesting methods employed in this study due to less energy consumed and ease of handling. Previously, the matric system which is sodium alginate (SA) was commonly used to entrap the microalgae in culturing process. However, SA has certain limitation such as bead disruption or bead dissolution that lead to the loss of microalgae cell. In addition, the required nutrient is one of the constrains that need to be overcome to enhance the production of oil. Therefore, the combination of matric system has been developed in this study in order to enhance the production of oil. In the present study, SA act s as a control whereas five different matric systems were combined with SA such as chitosan (SA+CT), carrageenan (SA+CR), gelatine (SA+GT), calcium alginate (SA+CA) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SA+CMC). The first objective in this study was to elucidate different culture medium of C. vulgaris by using Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM), Blue-Green Medium (BG11) and Jaworski’s medium (JM) while the second objective was to evaluate the oil production of immobilized C. vulgaris using different matric systems at different volumetric ratios of 0.3:1, 1:1 and 2:1 for biodiesel production. Besides, analysing the fatty acid methyl ester which extracted from freshwater microalgae was the third objective while determining kinetic and thermodynamic parameter were exhibited using reaction rate equation and Gibbs energy equation was the fourth objective in this study. The microalgae were first cultivated, harvested and extracted using solvent extraction method to produce oil, prior to use in the transesterification process using Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). Then, the fatty acid methyl ester extracted from C. vulgaris was analysed using GC-MS. Based on the results obtained, the best culture media was BBM which showed the highest oil yield which is 27.14% whereas the combination of SA+GT as a matric showed the highest oil yield with 44.29%. In this study, the main components of fatty acid methyl ester in the C. vulgaris of oil extracted from microalgae showed high potential for biodiesel production as it consisted of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). The percentage of saturated fatty acid (C16:0 & C18:0) were higher than the unsaturated fatty acid (C18:1, C18:2 & C18:3). The kinetic study shows that the value of activation energy (Ea) for the oil extraction kinetics of microalgae biomass was calculated as 26.382 kJ/mol. Both enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) indicate positive value whereas the negative value of Gibbs energy (ΔG) indicates that this process is endothermic, irreversible and spontaneous. The research findings show that the BBM was more effective in culturing process and the applicability of the matric systems of SA+GT made a new structure that improve the oil production than using single matric. Furthermore, the similar fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile was showing a huge potential for biodiesel production