Scaling behavior in warm inflation

We anlayze the dynamics of warm inflation models with general viscous effects. We characterize the situations yielding asymptotic scaling behavior.Comment: 7 pages, no figures, revtex4. To be published in the Proceedings of the Conference "Phi in the Sky. The Quest for Cosmological Scalar Fields

Household sustainable consumption: an evaluation of environmental aawareness materials

European Union (EU) has been putting increasing emphasis on sustainable use and management of natural resources, especially since the adoption in 2001 of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy and the Sixth Environment Action Programme. Some objectives and priority areas for action are the achievement of a significant overall reduction in the volumes of waste generated through waste prevention initiatives, better resource exploitation efficiency and a shift towards more sustainable production and consumption patterns. There is wide global recognition that unsustainable patterns of consumption have serious social and environmental impacts. ‘Changing consumption patterns’, as identified by Chapter 4 of Agenda 21, remains a challenging, yet significant component of the drive to achieve sustainable development. Sustainable consumption does not mean about consuming less, it is about consuming differently, consuming efficiently, and having an improved quality of life. It also means sharing between the rich and the poor. The change of these consumption patterns could only be achieved through the use of correct and efficient environmental awareness/education campaigns. The purpose of the study is to conduct a state of the art of environmental awareness materials related with European household sustainable consumption. The search materials were compared and evaluated in terms of: aims; type of materials; target public; applicability and contents. The results of our research demonstrated that internet is a powerful tool and can contribute to the awareness of the general public about these issues. The problem of internet downloaded materials is the lack of their quality evaluation before them as available on the web. Weaknesses were found in terms of technical, scientific quality and their ability for learning-teaching. Some of them are very rudimentary, contributing little to the general public’s awareness. Also their interactivity could be better if taking into account the currently power of web base tools.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Determinants of self-medication with NSAIDs in a Portuguese community pharmacy

Licence CC BY-NC-ND http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"Background: Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely used therapeutic group in the world, and particularly in the Portuguese population. Objective: To compare NSAID’s use by prescription and self-medication acquisition and to determine the pattern of indication of NSAIDs, their usage profile and possible implications for patients’ safety. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used where individuals presenting at a community pharmacy requesting NSAIDs during the study period (one month) were invited to answer a face-to-face interview where socio-demographic characteristics, the indication pattern and previous experience of side effects were assessed. A follow-up interview was performed one week later to assess the incidence of adverse effects. The study was ethically approved. Results: A sample of 130 NSAIDs users was recruited, comprising mostly women (n=87; 66.9%), actively employed (n=77; 59.2%) and presenting a mean age of 49.5 years old (SD=20.49). An equal proportion of individuals acquired NSAIDs by self-medication and with medical prescription (n=65; 50%). Over 4/5 of patients (n=57; 87.7%) acquiring NSAIDs without a prescription were self-medicated by their own initiative, and only 10.8% (n=7) had been advised by the pharmacist. The most commonly acquired active substances were ibuprofen and diclofenac. Self-medicated users more frequently resorted to topical NSAIDs following short term treatments. The major underlying condition motivating NSAIDs sought were musculoskeletal disorders (45.0%), regardless of the regimen. An important proportion of prevalent users of NSAIDs reported previous experience of adverse effects (11.3%). One week after initiating NSAID therapy, a small proportion of patients reported incidence of adverse effects. Conclusion: Self-medication with NSAIDs is sought for numerous medical conditions. Reported adverse effects (prevalent and incident) confirm the need for a more rational use of NSAIDs and ongoing pharmacovigilance.

A propósito do PIB: do crescimento para a sustentabilidade

Congresso realizado na Universidade de Évora, de 14-6 de abril de 2014O produto interno bruto (PIB) foi considerado uma das grandes invenções do século XX. As críticas que entretanto suscitou já conduziram, mais do que à formulação de complementaridades ou correcções, à proposta da sua abolição liminar. Apesar de se manter central na análise económica e definição de políticas, multiplicam-se as tentativas de afirmação de uma lógica alternativa, com a sustentabilidade como motivação e objectivo. A contestação da pretensa objectividade e auto-suficiência do PIB remete, por um lado, para a relatividade dos valores, desde logo para a designada ideologia do crescimento, e, por outro, para a escala da análise. Trata-se tanto de reconhecer a finitude dos recursos disponíveis, que compromete a ideia do crescimento infinito ou ‘sustentável’, como de convocar uma lógica sistémica que situe a economia, e, por maioria de razões, a finança, dentro da sociedade e esta dentro do ambienteGross domestic product (GDP) was deemed one of the great inventions of the 20th century. The criticisms the measure has since attracted have already led to the formulation of complementary or corrective versions rather than proposing its outright abolition. Despite remaining central to economic analysis and the definition of policies, attempts to affirm an alternative logic have proliferated with sustainability as their core underlying motivation and objective. The challenges to the intended objectivity and self-sufficiency of GDP on the one hand relate to the relativity of its values, from the outset the ideological dimension to growth, and, on the other hand, to the scale of analysis. This involves not only due recognition of the finitude of the resources available, and inherently compromising any idea of unending ‘sustainable’ growth, but also evoking a systemic logic that places the economy and, for an overwhelming number of reasons, finance within the scope of society that, in turn, remains within its own environmental boundaries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Purification, characterization and clinical applications of therapeutic fungal enzymes

This book chapter presents an overview of therapeutic fungal enzymes and their developments in biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of several diseases, clinical applications and investigation. Enzymes are biocatalysts of many reactions with widespread use in the pharmaceutical industry and medicine. Due to their high specificity, greater affinity, and high catalytic efficiency, enzymes have been widely used for therapeutic purposes. More specifically, therapeutic enzymes are being used in the treatment of several diseases, such as leukemia, cancer, pancreatic disorders, etc. For instance, L-asparaginase, which presents antineoplastic properties, has been used for the treatment of leukemia, namely acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nowadays, more than 50% of the enzymes are produced by fungal sources, including the therapeutic enzymes, due to the advantages of being an economically feasible and consistent process, since it has high yield and is easy for modification and optimization of new therapeutic products. In this book chapter, readers from academies, research institutes and industries will gain useful information and in-deep knowledge on the emerging therapeutic fungal enzymes, their purification processes, characterization and medical applications.publishe

First report of Puccinia thaliae causing rust on Canna spp. in Europe

Disease Notesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zeolites and related materials as catalyst supports for hydrocarbon oxidation reactions

Catalytic oxidation is a key technology for the conversion of petroleum-based feedstocks into useful chemicals (e.g., adipic acid, caprolactam, glycols, acrylates, and vinyl acetate) since this chemical transformation is always involved in synthesis processes. Millions of tons of these compounds are annually produced worldwide and find applications in all areas of chemical industries, ranging from pharmaceutical to large-scale commodities. The traditional industrial methods to produce large amounts of those compounds involve over-stoichiometric quantities of toxic inorganic reactants and homogeneous catalysts that operate at high temperature, originating large amounts of effluents, often leading to expensive downstream processes, along with nonrecovery of valuable catalysts that are loss within the reactant effluent. Due to the increasingly stringent environmental legislation nowadays, there is considerable pressure to replace these antiquate technologies, focusing on heterogeneous catalysts that can operate under mild reactions conditions, easily recovered, and reused. Parallelly, recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of metal complexes and metal clusters on support surfaces have brought new insights to catalysis and highlight ways to systematic catalysts design. This review aims to provide a comprehensive bibliographic examination over the last 10 years on the development of heterogeneous catalysts, i.e., organometallic complexes or metal clusters immobilized in distinct inorganic supports such as zeolites, hierarchical zeolites, silicas, and clays. The methodologies used to prepare and/or modify the supports are critically reviewed, as well as the methods used for the immobilization of the active species. The applications of the heterogenized catalysts are presented, and some case-studies are discussed in detail.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Textile based electrodes for ECG and EMG measurements

Biopotential signals are an important tool for monitoring our health and thanks to the evolution of technology, they are being increasingly used in several areas. There are however some problems with conventional electrodes such as irritation that need to be surpassed and textile electrodes may represent a good alternative. This paper proposes a design approach for textile based electrodes developed by our research group, in which the construction of the electrodes is based on 3D surface design of weft knitted structures, which increases thickness and allows to improve the permanent contact between electrode and skin, thus contributing for the solution of one of the problems identified by the research community.This work is financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Programme - COMPETE and by national funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Individualized anesthesia: independent predictive factors for the propofol induction target

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stability analysis of cosmological models through Liapunov's method

We investigate the general asymptotic behaviour of Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) models with an inflaton field, scalar-tensor FRW cosmological models and diagonal Bianchi-IX models by means of Liapunov's method. This method provides information not only about the asymptotic stability of a given equilibrium point but also about its basin of attraction. This cannot be obtained by the usual methods found in the literature, such as linear stability analysis or first order perturbation techniques. Moreover, Liapunov's method is also applicable to non-autonomous systems. We use this advantadge to investigate the mechanism of reheating for the inflaton field in FRW models.Comment: Latex file, 8 pages, no figures, accepted for publication in Class. & Quant. Gra