Condiciones ambientales y bienestar. La ventilación

Probablemente las condiciones ambientales sean una de las principales asignaturas pendientes en los alojamientos de vacuno de leche. La concurrencia en gran parte de nuestro país de inviernos fríos y veranos muy calurosos añaden una dificultad más a la ya compleja tarea de diseñar una ventilación correcta. Los cambios bruscos de tiempo tampoco ayudan. Conscientes de la dificultad de la tarea, hemos querido ofrecer en este capítulo unas sencillas recomendaciones y aportar algunas sugerencias al hilo de lo que se está haciendo en otros países con sistemas de producción similares al nuestro. De esta forma, resaltamos la importancia de evitar las corrientes de aire pero proporcionar una amplia superficie de entrada y de salida de aire. Para que ello pueda ser posible, incluso en invierno, sugerimos la instalación de cortavientos. Finalmente, queremos resaltar la necesidad de que la renovación de aire llegue a todos los rincones de los alojamientos sin que se presenten zonas ciegas, y de evitar una humedad relativa excesiva, motivo de estrés térmico, de patologías respiratorias y de deterioro acelerado de los edificios

Distribución de la puesta en las jaulas enriquecidas. ¿Cómo resolver sus efectos negativos?

Las jaulas denominadas enriquecidas o acondicionadas suponen una solución intermedia entre el sector productor de huevos y aquéllos que desean la supresión total de las jaulas de puesta, y que seguramente no ha satisfecho a nadie. Se considera que estas jaulas permiten a los animales manifestar algunas pautas naturales de conducta por la inclusión en ellas de elementos como perchas, nidales, baños, le proporcionan mayor espacio y, por todo ello, le otorgan mayor nivel de bienestar -Appleby, 1998; Verga, 1999-

Estudio del crecimiento de gallinas ponedoras de 18 hasta 60 semanas de edad criadas en jaulas enriquecidas sometidas a diferentes intensidades de iluminación. 1. Curva de crecimiento

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el peso corporal adulto de gallinas ponedoras alojadas en jaulas enriquecidas y sometidas a diferentes intensidades de iluminación de acuerdo con el esquema factorial 2x3: iluminación del pasillo (lateral y central) versus iluminación del piso (bajo, intermedio y alto) , evaluado en el periodo de 18 hasta 60 se manas de edad de acuerdo con el modelo no lineal de Gompertz. Las gallinas fueron alojadas en dos baterías de 3 pisos, con dos filas por piso y cinco jaulas por fila (25 aves/jaula), con un total de 1.500 gallinas. Dichas jaulas cumplen la Directiva CE 199 9/74. Se pesaron 10 gallinas de cada jaula, identificadas con anillas de color diferente, a la edad de 18, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44, 52 y 60 semanas. Para el ajuste de los parámetros B y C del modelo de Gompertz se utilizó el peso medio de las pollitas hasta la 17 a semana edad, pues tuvimos como objetivo mantener dichos parámetros B y C de la curva de Gompertz para todos los tratamientos, ya que el fin del estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la intensidad luminosa en el peso adulto de las gallinas, es decir, el crecimiento después del punto de inflexión de la curva

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Redes de colaboración para la prevención de la violencia escolar: una propuesta de mejora de la Titulación de Pedagogía en un espacio alternativo (Centro de Arte Contemporáneo DA2)

Memoria ID-0131. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2017-2018

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

Podcasts como ferramenta para aprender sobre Direito

La proliferación de nuevas formas de transmisión del conocimiento, así como de su difusión constituye una oportunidad que la enseñanza del Derecho no puede dejar pasar. La elaboración de podcast o podcasting con fines educativos o de aplicación a la docencia ha sido ya objeto de utilización en el contexto anglosajón y, en un nivel mucho menor, en el contexto español. Como ya alude Piñero-Otero, T. en su investigación “La utilización de los podcasts en la universidad española: entre la institución y la enseñanza”, la incorporación de los podcasts como herramienta docente en las universidades españolas fue tardía respecto a otras universidades, como las norteamericanas. Y, no sólo eso, sino que su aplicación en la práctica es escasa. Los podcasts muestran relevantes potencialidades para la formación universitaria y, en específico, para la formación en Derecho. El formato de fragmentos o episodios de audio que desarrollan conocimiento, online, público, gratuito y accesible en cualquier momento se evidencia pertinente para captar el interés del estudiantado. Evidencia que queda patente en los estudios que ya han aplicado esta herramienta. El presente proyecto busca fomentar la extensión de este instrumento en el entorno universitario como recurso formativo complementario y de apoyo a la clase magistral y práctica establecida en la regulación de las enseñanzas superiores. Tal y como se ha apuntado en numerosas ocasiones por docentes que ya han aplicado los podcasts en la educación, se trata de una fuente más que, en ningún caso, se propone como sustitutoria de las clases ordinarias. Ello supondría el desencadenamiento de efectos negativos como una insuficiencia de formación, falta de intercambio de pensamiento y debate y riesgo de asistencia y participación en el aula, entre otros. Respecto de este último aspecto, estudios como el de Parson, V., Reddy, P., Wood, J. y Senior, C. (2009), “Educating and iPod generation: undergraduate attitudes, experiences and understanding of vodcast and podcast use”, reflejan que los estudiantes consideran como un aspecto muy positivo el hecho de que los podcasts permitan aprender y revisar el contenido de la asignatura; aspecto que quedaría desvirtuado si la docencia tradicional quedará completamente subsumida al empleo del podcast.El objetivo del Proyecto de Innovación Docente es ofrecer una herramienta para el aprendizaje del Derecho, basada en la digitalización mediante podcast, que permita a los estudiantes disponer de contenidos jurídicos para su proceso formativo.The aim of the Teaching Innovation Project is to offer a tool for learning law, based on digitalisation through podcasts, which allows students to have access to legal content for their learning process.L'obiettivo del Progetto di Innovazione Didattica è quello di offrire uno strumento per l'apprendimento del diritto, basato sulla digitalizzazione attraverso i podcast, che permetta agli studenti di avere accesso a contenuti giuridici per il loro processo di formazione.O objetivo do Projeto de Inovação Didática é oferecer uma ferramenta de aprendizagem do direito, baseada na digitalização através de podcasts, que permita aos estudantes ter acesso a conteúdos jurídicos para o seu processo de formação.Depto. de Derecho del Trabajo y Seguridad SocialFac. de DerechoFALSEsubmitte

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures

International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified. Objectives: The study sought to assess COVID-19's impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained. Results: Surveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoracic echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageal echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p &lt; 0.001 for each procedure). In multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower–middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and telehealth. Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world's economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19–related changes in care delivery is warranted