A century of sea level measurements at Newlyn, SW England

The Newlyn Tidal Observatory is the most important sea level station in the UK. It commenced operations in 1915 as part of the Second Geodetic Levelling of England and Wales, and the mean sea level determined from the tide gauge during the first six years (May 1915-April 1921) defined Ordnance Datum Newlyn (ODN) which became the national height datum for the whole of Great Britain. The 100 years of sea level data now available have contributed significantly to many studies in oceanography, geology and climate change. This paper marks the centenary of this important station by reviewing the sea level (and, more recently, detailed land level) measurements and Newlyn’s contributions to UK cartography, geodesy and sea-level science in general. Recommendations are made on how sea and land level measurements at Newlyn might be enhanced in the future

Retail Building Thermal Efficiency Improvement Through an Enhanced Re-Commissioning Framework

End-use energy efficiency is recognized as a predominant contributor to achieve UK carbon reduction target that is still far from reach today. The opportunity in retail buildings is apparent, especially supermarkets that account for 4 MtCO2e of total UK carbon footprint. This paper outlines an enhanced re-commissioning (Re-Cx) framework that aims to mitigate supermarkets with poor energy performance, known as “cold-stores”. The framework delivers a holistic approach with four critical strategies – Identification, Monitoring, Rectification and Prevention in sustaining supermarket thermal efficiency throughout its operational lifecycle. This includes a comprehensive store characterization to identify “cold-store”, key performance indicators (KPIs) proposal for supermarket thermal efficiency monitoring, a cost-effective fault indication flowchart development for “cold-store” rectification, and the introduction of a novel Re-Cx and maintenance integration approach to prevent “cold-store” in a sustainable manner. A case study is carried out on 350 stores from one of the biggest UK supermarket chains. Seven “cold-stores” are identified from the comprehensive store benchmarking and characterization analysis. These results are also validated through the proposed KPIs. Moreover, a comparison between EnergyStar Re-Cx strategies and the supermarket maintenance procedures found 80% of the Re-Cx measures could be integrated into the maintenance activities. This ascertains the feasibility of the suggested integration approach. In a nutshell, this framework brings a new perception to retail Re-Cx regime, which can be implemented to effectively identify, monitor, rectify and prevent “cold-stores”

A review of advanced ground source heat pump control: Artificial intelligence for autonomous and adaptive control

Geothermal energy has the potential to contribute significantly to the CO2 reduction targets as a renewable source for building heating and cooling but is yet under exploited, mostly due to its high initial investment cost. A lot of research is being carried out to optimise Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems’ design, but a good control strategy is also fundamental to achieve long-term performance and reduced payback time. GSHP control optimisation is a non-linear dynamic optimisation problem that is influenced by multiple parameters. It can thus not be fully optimised with traditional methods. Artificial Intelligence, and in particular Machine Learning, is suited for this type of optimisation as it can learn implicit relations between parameters and can address non-linearity. This paper reviews the challenges of GSHP control and the strategies for control optimisation found in the literature, from basic rule-based system to artificial neural network-based strategies. Two principal uses of Artificial Intelligence for ground source heat pump control are identified: building a predictive model of the system that reflects its real performances and optimising the control decision in real time. However, the examples found in the literature are limited and the need to further explore the benefits of Machine Learning is identified. The latest developments in the field are reviewed to explore their potential to further improve GSHP control. The challenges of the full implementation of such algorithms are also discussed

Rénovation, trajectoire et territoires : quels effets des mobilités sur les recompositions résidentielles et sociales locales ?, rapport final de contrat, Plan Urbanisme Construction Architecture, septembre

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Postnatal inflammation in ApoE-/- mice is associated with immune training and atherosclerosis

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