14 research outputs found
Can You Fool AI by Doing a 180? \unicode{x2013} A Case Study on Authorship Analysis of Texts by Arata Osada
This paper is our attempt at answering a twofold question covering the areas
of ethics and authorship analysis. Firstly, since the methods used for
performing authorship analysis imply that an author can be recognized by the
content he or she creates, we were interested in finding out whether it would
be possible for an author identification system to correctly attribute works to
authors if in the course of years they have undergone a major psychological
transition. Secondly, and from the point of view of the evolution of an
author's ethical values, we checked what it would mean if the authorship
attribution system encounters difficulties in detecting single authorship. We
set out to answer those questions through performing a binary authorship
analysis task using a text classifier based on a pre-trained transformer model
and a baseline method relying on conventional similarity metrics. For the test
set, we chose works of Arata Osada, a Japanese educator and specialist in the
history of education, with half of them being books written before the World
War II and another half in the 1950s, in between which he underwent a
transformation in terms of political opinions. As a result, we were able to
confirm that in the case of texts authored by Arata Osada in a time span of
more than 10 years, while the classification accuracy drops by a large margin
and is substantially lower than for texts by other non-fiction writers,
confidence scores of the predictions remain at a similar level as in the case
of a shorter time span, indicating that the classifier was in many instances
tricked into deciding that texts written over a time span of multiple years
were actually written by two different people, which in turn leads us to
believe that such a change can affect authorship analysis, and that historical
events have great impact on a person's ethical outlook as expressed in their
writings
Improving Polish to English Neural Machine Translation with Transfer Learning: Effects of Data Volume and Language Similarity
This paper investigates the impact of data volume and the use of similar
languages on transfer learning in a machine translation task. We find out that
having more data generally leads to better performance, as it allows the model
to learn more patterns and generalizations from the data. However, related
languages can also be particularly effective when there is limited data
available for a specific language pair, as the model can leverage the
similarities between the languages to improve performance. To demonstrate, we
fine-tune mBART model for a Polish-English translation task using the OPUS-100
dataset. We evaluate the performance of the model under various transfer
learning configurations, including different transfer source languages and
different shot levels for Polish, and report the results. Our experiments show
that a combination of related languages and larger amounts of data outperforms
the model trained on related languages or larger amounts of data alone.
Additionally, we show the importance of related languages in zero-shot and
few-shot configurations
Surgical interventions in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 : a review of seven months of experience working in a COVID-19 dedicated centre
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made changes to the traditional way of performing surgical consultations. The aim of the present study was to assess the need for surgical care performed by various surgical specialties among patients infected with COVID-19 hospitalized in a COVID-19 dedicated hospital. All surgical consultations performed for patients infected with COVID-19 in a COVID dedicated hospital in a seven month period were evaluated. Data on demographics, surgical specialty, consult reason, procedure performed, and whether it was a standard face to face or teleconsultation were gathered. Out of 2359 COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital in the seven month period, 229 (9.7%) required surgical care. Out of those 108 consultations that did not lead to surgery, 71% were managed by telemedicine. A total of 36 patients were operated on while suffering from COVID-19. Out of them, only three patients admitted primarily for COVID-19 pneumonia underwent emergency surgery. The overall mortality among those operated on was 16.7%. Conclusions: Patients hospitalised with COVID-19 may require surgical care from various surgical specialties, especially during peaks of the pandemic. However, they rarely require a surgical procedure and only occasionally require major surgery. A significant portion of potentially surgical problems could be managed by teleconsultations
Plasma total antioxidant status in breast cancer women in relation to lymph node involvement and HER-2/neu expression
BackgroundOxidants can act at several stages of malignant transformation. To protect against toxic effects of oxidants and to modulate physiological effects of their action organisms have developed antioxidant defence systems. Plasma total antioxidant activity (TAS) measures peroxyl-scavenging capacity of the extracellular antioxidant system.AimThe goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the plasma total antioxidant status in breast cancer women in relation to lymph node metastases and HER-2/neu expression.Materials/MethodsNewly diagnosed consecutive breast cancer patients (n=26) were recruited before any treatment and matched with controls (n=24) randomly selected from benign breast disease patients. Cancer progress was established according to lymph node involvement: No or N+. HER-2/neu was considered as either negative (0 or 1+) or positive (2+ or 3+). The plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) was measured by colorimetric test (RANDOX). HER-2/neu oncogene expression was determined in breast cancer tissue using the immunohistochemical method (Hercep Test).ResultsThe study demonstrated a significant decrease in the mean TAS level (mmol/L) in the breast cancer group (1.42±0.22) in comparison to the control group (1.56±0.18;
Recommendations for diagnostics and therapy of adult patients with malignant primary bone tumors
Bone sarcomas comprise a heterogenous group of rare mesenchymal tumors (less than 0.5%
of malignant neoplasms in adults). From clinical point of view they can be divided into two main
groups: spindle-cell sarcomas (osteosarcomas, majority of chondrosarcomas and less common
subtypes) and small-cell sarcomas (mainly Ewing family of tumors). Correct diagnosis and effective
therapy is performed by cooperation of radiologists, oncological and orthopedics surgeons, clinical
oncologists, radiotherapists, rehabilitants, pathologists, nuclear medicine specialists and molecular
biologists. The most important principle in diagnostics and therapy of primary malignant bone tumors is
multidisciplinary work in experienced centers. Improvement of diagnostics, implementation of combined
therapy and technological developments caused the increase of limb-sparing surgery indications and
better long-term results of their treatment.
Onkol. Prak. Klin. 2010; 6, 6: 355–369Mięsaki kości u dorosłych stanowią heterogenną grupę bardzo rzadkich nowotworów pochodzenia mezenchymalnego
(poniżej 0,5% nowotworów złośliwych u dorosłych). Pod względem klinicznym mięsaki
kości można podzielić na mięsaki wrzecionowatokomórkowe (obejmujące mięsaki kościopochodne,
większość chrzęstniakomięsaków i inne rzadsze podtypy) oraz drobnokomórkowe (głównie rodzina
mięsaków Ewinga). Prawidłowe rozpoznanie i skuteczne leczenie skojarzone pierwotnych nowotworów
kości są sumą współpracy radiologów, chirurgów onkologów i chirurgów ortopedów, onkologów
klinicznych, radioterapeutów, rehabilitantów, patologów, specjalistów medycyny nuklearnej i biologów
molekularnych. Bezwzględnym warunkiem w diagnostyce i leczeniu pierwotnych nowotworów złośliwych
kości jest wielodyscyplinarna współpraca wielospecjalistyczna w doświadczonych ośrodkach. Polepszenie
diagnostyki mięsaków kości, wprowadzenie zasad terapii skojarzonej i postęp technologiczny
spowodowały rozszerzenie wskazań do stosowania operacji oszczędzających kończynę oraz poprawiły
odległe wyniki leczenia.
Onkol. Prak. Klin. 2010; 6, 6: 355–36
Digital Twin Simulation Development and Execution on HPC Infrastructures
The Digital Twin paradigm in medical care has recently gained popularity among proponents of translational medicine, to enable clinicians to make informed choices regarding treatment on the basis of digital simulations. In this paper we present an overview of functional and non-functional requirements related to specific IT solutions which enable such simulations - including the need to ensure repeatability and traceability of results - and propose an architecture that satisfies these requirements. We then describe a computational platform that facilitates digital twin simulations, and validate our approach in the context of a real-life medical use case: the BoneStrength application