6 research outputs found

    Une expérience stressante durant la gestation altÚre le comportement maternel chez la brebis

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    National audienceEn mĂ©decine humaine, un stress vĂ©cu par la mĂšre pendant sa grossesse peut entraĂźner par la suite des altĂ©rations comportementales et cognitives (hyperactivitĂ©, dĂ©ficit de l'attention...) de l’enfant et une prĂ©disposition aux troubles psychiatriques. De plus, l’application de thĂ©rapies comportementales dans le jeune Ăąge rĂ©duirait l’apparition de ces troubles comportementaux (Weinstock 2001). En Ă©levage, les femelles sont souvent exposĂ©es Ă  des contraintes pendant la gestation sĂ©paration sociale, changement de parcs, litiĂšre humide, retard de distribution alimentaire, bruits, odeurs, manipulations...), dont la rĂ©pĂ©tition pourrait altĂ©rer le dĂ©veloppement comportemental des jeunes et par la suite compromettre leur bien-ĂȘtre voire leur santĂ©. Cependant, les consĂ©quences du « stress prĂ©natal » ont Ă©tĂ© principalement Ă©tudiĂ©es chez les animaux de laboratoire (Braastad 1998). Ce sont majoritairement des espĂšces nidicoles pour lesquelles l’essentiel de la maturation nerveuse se produit aprĂšs la naissance, rendant les jeunes moins sensibles aux conditions prĂ©natales. Or, la plupart des mammifĂšres d’élevage sont des espĂšces nidifuges chez lesquelles les jeunes ont dĂ©jĂ  acquis une maturitĂ© Ă  la naissance et participent au dĂ©veloppe ment d’un lien fort avec leur mĂšre. En outre, les procĂ©dures de stress appliquĂ©es sur les animaux de laboratoire font appel Ă  des contraintes sĂ©vĂšres (contentions longues, stimulations douloureuses, situations artificielles...) dans l’optique de modĂ©liser des Ă©tats dĂ©pressifs, alors que les contraintes sur venant en Ă©levage sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement peu nociceptives et de faible durĂ©e. Ces diffĂ©rences de dĂ©veloppement neurobiologique et d’attachement maternel associĂ©es Ă  des diffĂ©rences de procĂ©dure de stress empĂȘchent toute tentative de gĂ©nĂ©ralisation des rĂ©sultats acquis sur les animaux de laboratoire aux animaux d’élevag

    Prenatal stress modifies the dendritic spine density in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of lambs at birth whereas the genes expression in dendritic morphology and synaptic transmission is not altered

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    Prenatal stress modifies the dendritic spine density in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of lambs at birth whereas the genes expression in dendritic morphology and synaptic transmission is not altered. 10. Forum of Neurosciences of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societ

    Cognitive decline in Huntington's disease expansion gene carriers

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    Clinical and genetic characteristics of late-onset Huntington's disease

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    Background: The frequency of late-onset Huntington's disease (>59 years) is assumed to be low and the clinical course milder. However, previous literature on late-onset disease is scarce and inconclusive. Objective: Our aim is to study clinical characteristics of late-onset compared to common-onset HD patients in a large cohort of HD patients from the Registry database. Methods: Participants with late- and common-onset (30–50 years)were compared for first clinical symptoms, disease progression, CAG repeat size and family history. Participants with a missing CAG repeat size, a repeat size of ≀35 or a UHDRS motor score of ≀5 were excluded. Results: Of 6007 eligible participants, 687 had late-onset (11.4%) and 3216 (53.5%) common-onset HD. Late-onset (n = 577) had significantly more gait and balance problems as first symptom compared to common-onset (n = 2408) (P <.001). Overall motor and cognitive performance (P <.001) were worse, however only disease motor progression was slower (coefficient, −0.58; SE 0.16; P <.001) compared to the common-onset group. Repeat size was significantly lower in the late-onset (n = 40.8; SD 1.6) compared to common-onset (n = 44.4; SD 2.8) (P <.001). Fewer late-onset patients (n = 451) had a positive family history compared to common-onset (n = 2940) (P <.001). Conclusions: Late-onset patients present more frequently with gait and balance problems as first symptom, and disease progression is not milder compared to common-onset HD patients apart from motor progression. The family history is likely to be negative, which might make diagnosing HD more difficult in this population. However, the balance and gait problems might be helpful in diagnosing HD in elderly patients
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