Human, Posthuman and Culture in the Digital Society

The purpose of this research was to outline the perspectives of the human and posthuman in the culture of the ‘digital society’. The research used dialectical, typological and comparative methods, as well as methods of formalization, modeling and ascent from the abstract to the concrete. It was noted that the prospects for the development of ‘human’ were determined in the modern European classical thought, the culmination of which was the concept of unlimited improvement of his nature on the basis of reason, developed during the Enlightenment. In non-classical thought, this idea was questioned, which ultimately led to the denial of the prospects for the development of the human himself. It is shown that the formation of an ‘information society’ and a ‘digital society’ make it possible to increase the efficiency and productivity of labor, and improve the technical and technological components of the development of society, but do not guarantee the smooth development of its humanitarian component, i.e., the whole person. It is emphasized that the progress of the human presupposes the development of his nature, i.e., a certain totality of natural and socio-cultural constituents of his being, the main of which is the ability to carry out expedient activities to meet needs and realize interests, and also be aware of this process. The loss of this orientation as a result of disharmony in the development of material and spiritual production can lead to the leveling of the main goal of mankind — the achievement of the ideal of a ‘whole person’. The domination of the culture of the ‘partial man’ creates the basis for the formation of the ‘posthuman’ — a hypothetical prototype of the future intelligent being, which, as a result of the introduction of advanced technologies — informatics, biotechnology, medicine, etc. — lost his human appearance, because he abandoned his nature. This process can lead to the gradual extinction of the Homo sapiens species, replacing it with a new species, Post-Homo sapiens. Keywords: human, posthuman, culture, information society, digital society, digital econom

Possibility of Turbulence from a Post-Navier-Stokes Equation

We introduce corrections to the Navier-Stokes equation arising from the transitions between molecular states and the injection of external energy. In the simplest application of the proposed post Navier-Stokes equation, we find a multi-valued velocity field and the immediate possibility of velocity reversal, both features of turbulence

DIESEL POWER INSTALLATIONS ON MIXED DIESEL FUEL AS MEANS OF SMALL POWER ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE

В работе рассмотрены особенности энергетики агропромышленного комплекса на современном этапе развития, таких как удаленность, большая протяженность электрических сетей. В результате перечисленного в качестве резервного источника энергопитания применяются дизельные электростанции (ДЭС). На развитие ДЭС большое влияние оказывают: ужесточение экологических норм по выбросам токсичных веществ и требования повышения эффективности использования энергоресурсов. Одним из способов решения этого является применение альтернативных видов энергии. В результате анализа возможных альтернативных видов топлива самым перспективным для удаленных предприятий с точки зрения экономической и экологической целесообразности можно считать дизельное смесевое топливо, производимое из биомассы.The paper considers the features of the energy sector of the agro-industrial complex at the present stage of development, such as remoteness, the long extent of electric networks. As a result of the above, diesel power plants (DPP) are used as a backup source of energy supply. The development of DPP is greatly influenced by: toughening environmental standards for emissions of toxic substances and requirements to increase the efficiency of energy use. One way to solve this is to use alternative forms of energy. As a result of the analysis of possible alternative types of fuel, diesel mixed fuel produced from biomass can be considered the most promising for remote enterprises from the point of view of economic and environmental feasibility

Pt/CeO2 and Pt/CeSnOx catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation prepared by plasma-arc technique

We applied a method of plasma arc synthesis to study effects of modification of the fluorite phase of ceria by tin ions. By sputtering active components (Pt, Ce, Sn) together with carbon from a graphite electrode in a helium ambient we prepared samples of complex highly defective composite PtCeC and PtCeSnC oxide particles stabilized in a matrix of carbon. Subsequent high-temperature annealing of the samples in oxygen removes the carbon matrix and causes the formation of active catalysts Pt/CeOx and Pt/CeSnOx for CO oxidation. In the presence of Sn, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) show formation of a mixed phase CeSnOx and stabilization of more dispersed species with a fluorite-type structure. These factors are essential for the observed high activity and thermic stability of the catalyst modified by Sn. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the presence of both Pt2+ and Pt4+ ions in the catalyst Pt/CeOx, whereas only the state Pt2+ of platinum could be detected in the Sn-modified catalyst Pt/CeSnOx. Insertion of Sn ions into the Pt/CeOx lattice destabilizes/reduces Pt4+ cations in the Pt/CeSnOx catalyst and induces formation of strikingly high concentration (up to 50% at.) of lattice Ce3+ ions. Our DFT calculations corroborate destabilization of Pt4+ ions by incorporation of cationic Sn in Pt/CeOx. The presented results show that modification of the fluorite lattice of ceria by tin induces substantial amount of mobile reactive oxygen partly due to affecting geometric parameters of ceria by tin ions

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ПОГЛОЩЕНИЯ СВЕТА В ПЛЕНКАХ ДИОКСИДА ТИТАНА

This work is devoted to comparison of optical absorption value of titanium dioxide coatings obtained by means of reactive thermal evaporation (RTE) and its activated species (ARTE), as well as to study on the dependence of the absorption coefficient of the coatings on the process parameters. Special attention is paid to the study of the influence of the films nonstoichiometry on absorption in the visible and near-infrared ranges of the spectrum. The results allow concluding that the dominant mechanism responsible for absorption in titanium dioxide films in the near-infrared range of the spectrum is the deviation from the stoichiometric composition. This deviation is caused by the presence of defects in the coating structure such as oxygen vacancies (ions Ti3+), which are seen as electron traps. As oxygen pressure and ionic current increase, the absorption of titanium dioxide films is reduced, and films with a composition closer to stoichiometric are obtained. In turn, the absorption of titanium dioxide in the visible spectrum (at wavelengths of 532 nm and 670 nm) has less to do with defects in stoichiometry, in contrast to contaminating impurities contained in the starting material, in the vacuum chamber and in the jet gas.Показано, что при напылении пленок диоксида титана методом реактивного термоиспарения использование ионизированного кислорода существенно влияет на величину коэффициента поглощения в них лазерного излучения, который измерялся с помощью метода фототермической радиометрии. С целью получения пленок с минимальным коэффициентом поглощения особое внимание уделяется оптимизации параметров метода. Показано, что с ростом степени ионизации кислорода наряду со снижением коэффициента поглощения происходит его стабилизация. Экспериментально установлено, что отклонение состава материала пленок от стехиометрического оказывает различное влияние на поглощение в них излучения видимого и ближнего инфракрасного диапазона спектра. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы поглощения на различных длинах волн излучения из указанного спектрального диапазона

Pt/CeO2 and Pt/CeSnOx Catalysts for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation Prepared by Plasma-Arc Technique

We applied a method of plasma arc synthesis to study effects of modification of the fluorite phase of ceria by tin ions. By sputtering active components (Pt, Ce, Sn) together with carbon from a graphite electrode in a helium ambient we prepared samples of complex highly defective composite PtCeC and PtCeSnC oxide particles stabilized in a matrix of carbon. Subsequent high-temperature annealing of the samples in oxygen removes the carbon matrix and causes the formation of active catalysts Pt/CeOx and Pt/CeSnOx for CO oxidation. In the presence of Sn, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) show formation of a mixed phase CeSnOx and stabilization of more dispersed species with a fluorite-type structure. These factors are essential for the observed high activity and thermic stability of the catalyst modified by Sn. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the presence of both Pt2+ and Pt4+ ions in the catalyst Pt/CeOx, whereas only the state Pt2+ of platinum could be detected in the Sn-modified catalyst Pt/CeSnOx. Insertion of Sn ions into the Pt/CeOx lattice destabilizes/reduces Pt4+ cations in the Pt/CeSnOx catalyst and induces formation of strikingly high concentration (up to 50% at.) of lattice Ce3+ ions. Our DFT calculations corroborate destabilization of Pt4+ ions by incorporation of cationic Sn in Pt/CeOx. The presented results show that modification of the fluorite lattice of ceria by tin induces substantial amount of mobile reactive oxygen partly due to affecting geometric parameters of ceria by tin ions

Elastic-and Plastic Deformation and Limit State of Structure Components with Stress Concentrators

Available from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

THE TURBULENCE IN THE SUPERSOUND UNEXPANDED JETS OF LOW DENSITY GAS

The purpose of the work: the investigation of the laminar-turbulent transition and local turbulent characteristics in the supersound jet. For the first time, set and experimentally solved has been the problem on the investigation of the laminar-turbulent transition and statistic characteristics of the turbulence in the supersound jet. For the first time, the laser diagnostic complex has been realized for the undisturbing measurements of the gas stream parameters with the high time and space resolutionAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

ENERGY SAVING IN MILK PROCESSING

The article shows the results of studies of energy saving methods in milk processing in hardware and technological systems of the agro-industrial complex. It was revealed that an increase in production efficiency is achieved when using spray drying in a scheme with an evaporator. The use of advanced equipment allows you to extract a high-quality product at the output with established qualities with a minimum energy consumption of finished products. It was found that the energy efficiency of the units increases due to the use of additional equipment (separators, product distribution systems, pasteurization and holding unit, installation for elimination of thermophilic bacteria, installation for condensation and evacuation, concentrators, pneumatic coolers, ultrasonic nozzles). It has been proven that a scrubber in an apparatus and technological system for milk processing makes a significant contribution to saving heat in the production of a dry product. These savings, together with product returns, reduce operating costs and capital expenditures. Methods of energy saving with the use of heat recuperators of two types are analyzed: "air-to-air" and "air-liquid-air". It has been found that the recuperator of the first type is effective for a single-stage spray dryer, where the exhaust air is at a high temperature. The ambient air is heated from 10 to 52 ° C. The outgoing air freezes from 93 to 51 ° C. The calculation showed that without a recuperator, the fuel consumption is 175 kg / h, the electricity consumption is 120 kW. With the use of a recuperator, the fuel consumption is 140 kg / h, the electricity consumption is 135 kW. It was found that since the coefficient of thermal exchange for a pair of "air-water" media is higher than for a pair of "air-air", the system of the second type is more efficient than a recuperator of the "air-air" type. Calculations have shown that without a recuperator, fuel consumption in this case is 175 kg / h, electricity consumption is 120 kW. With a recuperator, fuel consumption is 130 kg / h, electricity consumption is 142 kW. The practical output savings are 23