Citric acid concentration by electrodialysis: Ion and water transport modelling

The work in this paper was aimed at the study of the ion transport behaviour of citrate ion through ion exchange membranes. A mathematical model to represent the ion and water transport behaviour of an electrodialysis (ED) process for concentrating citric acid under the influence of different current density was developed. This model is valid for any ED process with ion exchange membranes used under a similar operating condition. The value for the phenomenological coefficients is different for other types of membranes and solutes. The corresponding phenomenological coefficients have to be determined experimentally. The reliability of developed ion and water transport model was assessed through comparison with the experimental data. The results obtained showed that the developed ion and water transport model was in good agreement with the experimental data and it could be used to predict the performance of ED for citric acid concentration

Öppen eller stängd dörr? : - Enhetschefers upplevelser av ett ledarskap i närhet och på distans inom äldreomsorgen

Syftet med studien är att visa en ökad förståelse för enhetschefers upplevelser av ett ledarskap utifrån den geografiska placeringen. Denna förståelse har vi huvudsakligen erhållit genom intervjuer med nio enhetschefer inom äldreomsorgen, varav fyra som arbetar i direkt anslutning till sina medarbetare, fyra på distans och en som både arbetar i närhet och på distans till sina medarbetare. Intervjuerna utfördes i en mellanstor kommun i södra Sverige. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod med en hermeneutisk ansats där intervjuerna grundas på ett semistrukturerat tillvägagångssätt, vilket innebär att enhetschefernas svar medför en djupare förståelse för deras åsikter kring den geografiska placeringen. Studiens resultat visar både för- och nackdelar med att styra ett ledarskap i närhet samt på distans. Studiens resultat visar att kommunikationen är mer begränsad i ett ledarskap på distans än vad den är i ett ledarskap i närhet, men att grupper som leds på distans är mer självgående. Majoriteten av enhetschefernas svar tyder på att ett ledarskap i närhet ger medarbetarna möjligheten till att lättare nå chefen, vilket ger en ökad interaktion mellan ledare och medarbetare. Studiens resultat utifrån enhetschefernas svar visar dock att chefen blir mer besvärad av medarbetarna på ett ledarskap i närhet.The purpose of the study is to demonstrate a greater understanding of unit manager within the geriatric care' experiences of leadership based on the geographic location. We obtained this understanding mainly through interviews with nine business/unit manager within the geriatric care. Four work physically together with their employees, four work from a remote location and on mix between proximity and distance. The interviews were conducted in a medium-sized municipality in southern Sweden. This is qualitative study with a hermeneutic approach containing semi-structured interviews, which means that the respondents’ answers provide a deeper understanding of their views on the geographic location. Our results demonstrate both the pros and cons of controlling a leadership in proximity and remotely. Study results show that communication is more limited in leadership at a distance than it is in a leadership in the vicinity, but that groups led from a distance are more self-sustaining. The majority of respondents' answers suggest that leadership in proximity gives employees the ability to easily reach a manager, hence, resulting in an increased interaction between managers and employees. However, the results of the study derived from the respondents' answers, which show that the unit manager will be more disturbed by the employees in a leadership in proximity

Instagram's contribution to learning : A qualitative study of how young adults describes the impact of social media on learning in relation to health.

Användandet av sociala medier, framförallt plattformen Instagram har under den senaste tiden ökat hos unga vuxna. Instagram anses vara en social plattform, där individer skapar sociala relationer och integrerar med varandra, men även en plattform som bidrar till kunskapsutveckling och ett lärande. Syftet med studien var att beskriva unga vuxnas lärande i relation till området hälsa på den sociala medieplattformen Instagram. Detta är en kvalitativ studie där enskilda intervjuer används som datainsamlingsmetod. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys ligger i grund för studiens analysprocess med en abduktiv ansats. Urvalet bestod av 12 intervjupersoner i åldrarna 20–30 år. I resultatet framgår det att deltagarna upplever att de får en ökad kunskap om hälsa. Instagram bidrar även till förändrade hälsopraktiker. Studien visar att Instagram är en plattform där individerna lär sig ur två olika informella perspektiv. Lärandet på den sociala medieplattformen sker dels genom att individen iakttar information självständigt. Dels genom gemenskap och interaktion. Avslutningsvis visar studien att Instagram är en inspirations- och motivationskälla för individen till att vilja utveckla sina levnadsvanor och hälsopraktiker. The use of social media, Instagram in particular has recently increased in young adults lives. Instagram is considered a social platform, where individuals both create social relationships and integrate with each other, but also a platform that contributes to knowledge development and learning. The purpose of the study was to describe young adults' learning in relation to the area of health on the social media platform Instagram. This is a qualitative study where individual interviews were used as a data collection method. Qualitative content analysis forms the basis of the study's analysis process with regard to an abductive approach. The sample consisted of 12 interviewees aged between 20 to 30 years. The results show that the participants feel that they have an increased knowledge of health. Instagram also contributes to change health practices. It is a platform where individuals learn from two different informal perspectives. On one hand it is through the individual observation of information, independently, and on the other way it is through informal learning by community and interaction. Finally, can Instagram be a great source of inspiration and motivation for the individual to aspire to develop their living habits and health practices.

Alcohol abuse as the strongest risk factor for violent offending in patients with paranoid schizophrenia

AIM: To determine predictive risk factors for violent offending in patients with paranoid schizophrenia in Croatia. ----- METHOD: The cross-sectional study including male in-patients with paranoid schizophrenia with (N=104) and without (N=102) history of physical violence and violent offending was conducted simultaneously in several hospitals in Croatia during one-year period (2010-2011). Data on their sociodemographic characteristics, duration of untreated illness phase (DUP), alcohol abuse, suicidal behavior, personality features, and insight into illness were collected and compared between groups. Binary logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of violent offending. ----- RESULTS: Predictors of violent offending were older age, DUP before first contact with psychiatric services, and alcohol abuse. Regression model showed that the strongest positive predictive factor was harmful alcohol use, as determined by AUDIT test (odds ratio 37.01; 95% confidence interval 5.20-263.24). Psychopathy, emotional stability, and conscientiousness were significant positive predictive factors, while extroversion, pleasantness, and intellect were significant negative predictive factors for violent offending. ----- CONCLUSION: This study found an association between alcohol abuse and the risk for violent offending in paranoid schizophrenia. We hope that this finding will help improve public and mental health prevention strategies in this vulnerable patient group