12 research outputs found

    Interaction agrégats-surface. Spectrométrie de masse par temps de vol et application analytique à des études sur des médicaments et sur la météorite Paris

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    Le Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC) poursuit un programme de dĂ©veloppement des techniques analytiques pour complĂ©ter l analyse par faisceau d ions (IBA). Il a dĂ©cidĂ© de s Ă©quiper d un spectromĂštre de masse couplĂ©e Ă  l imagerie 2D puis rĂ©cemment 3D avec l acquisition d un spectromĂštre de masse IONTOF V Ă©quipĂ© de deux colonnes ioniques dĂ©livrant des faisceaux d agrĂ©gats de bismuth et d argon. Dans ce cadre, mon sujet de thĂšse a portĂ© sur l'optimisation de l instrument nouvellement acquis pour l analyse d Ă©chantillons contenant des composĂ©s organiques. Les premiers sujets de recherche sont la mise au point du protocole d analyse quantitative de mĂ©dicaments en utilisant la technique cluster-SIMS-imaging et l analyse de la mĂ©tĂ©orite Paris pour localiser la matiĂšre organique et dĂ©terminer sa composition. Dans les deux cas une approche multi-technique a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e: IBA au LAEC, -Raman et -IR autour des Ă©quipements de Soleil et PIXE rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs de l accĂ©lĂ©rateur AGLAE (Centre de recherche et de restauration des musĂ©es de France, C2RMF).L analyse de mĂ©dicaments a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e au Liban en collaboration avec un fabricant local de produits pharmaceutiques (Mediphar Laboratories) dans le but d Ă©tablir de nouveaux procĂ©dĂ©s de contrĂŽle qualitĂ© de produits finis. Mon Ă©tude a montrĂ© la complexitĂ© du dosage de mĂ©dicament due Ă  la prĂ©sence de plusieurs molĂ©cules actives (Principe Actif, PA) et de substances organiques et minĂ©rales inactives (excipients) mĂ©langĂ©es dans des conditions secrĂštes. Les effets de matrice sont dominants et modifient l Ă©mission ionique conduisant Ă  des erreurs systĂ©matiques importantes. Cette complexitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e avec l Ă©tude du Fludinium possĂ©dant deux PAs. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude ont permis d obtenir la premiĂšre courbe d Ă©talonnage du rapport des deux PAs et de quantifier ceux-ci dans les conditions du mĂ©dicament commercial. Le protocole pour effectuer cette courbe d Ă©talonnage et les contrĂŽles qualitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s. Ceux-ci incorporeront une analyse en profil pour contrĂŽler l homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des Ă©chantillons et l obtention d Ă©talons produits par le fabricant en suivant ses processus de fabrication. En effet, les expĂ©riences ont montrĂ© que la rĂ©alisation du mĂ©dicament en laboratoire Ă  partir de ses Ă©lĂ©ments (PAs et excipients) ne donnait pas la mĂȘme rĂ©ponse ionique que le mĂ©dicament commercial. L analyse de la mĂ©tĂ©orite Paris a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e par une collaboration avec une Ă©quipe de l Institut d Astrophysique Spatial d Orsay impliquĂ©e dans l exobiologie et la recherche des premiĂšres molĂ©cules prĂ©-biotiques dans des Ă©chantillons extraterrestres. Le but des recherches est de caractĂ©riser la matiĂšre organique reprĂ©sentant quelques pourcents en poids dans une matrice minĂ©rale complexe, sans utiliser des mĂ©thodes chimiques pouvant induire une modification de ces molĂ©cules. Cette Ă©tude a dĂ©montrĂ© l intĂ©rĂȘt de l approche multi-technique centrĂ©e autour de la spectromĂ©trie de masse couplĂ©e Ă  l imagerie ionique pour dĂ©terminer les Ă©lĂ©ments principaux de la matrice minĂ©rale et organique. L analyse par PIXE avec une cartographie micromĂ©trique a permis d attribuer les distributions d ions molĂ©culaires et agrĂ©gats des spectres de masse aux diffĂ©rents composĂ©s minĂ©raux. Ces attributions se poursuivent avec la constitution d une base de donnĂ©es de spectres de rĂ©fĂ©rence. La composante organique a Ă©tĂ© extraite et les premiĂšres hypothĂšses de composition ont Ă©tĂ© envisagĂ©es autour des HAPs (Hydrocarbure Aromatique Polycyclique), MOI (MatiĂšre Organique Insoluble) et analogues de carbone amorphe produits par irradiation UV de glaces dont les compositions en gaz reprĂ©sentent diffĂ©rentes hypothĂšses pour les nuages interstellaires. Les protocoles d analyses multi-techniques Ă©tablis (incorporant un suivi de l Ă©chantillon par spectromĂ©trie de masse et imagerie ionique) permettent le dĂ©marrage d analyse d autres Ă©chantillons extra-terrestres collectĂ©s sur terre ou dans l espace.The Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC) is incorporated in a development program of the analytical techniques in order to complete the Ion Beam Analysis (IBA). It was decided to get a mass spectrometer coupled to 2D and recently to 3D imaging, by acquiring an ION TOFVTM system equipped with two ionic columns delivering bismuth and argon cluster beams.In this context, my thesis is focused on the optimization of the instrument, recently purchased, for the analysis of samples containing organic compounds. The first subjects of research are the development of a protocol for quantitative analysis of drugs using the cluster-SIMS-imaging technique and the Paris meteorite analysis to determine its composition and to localize the organic matter. In the last case a multi-techniques approach was used : IBA in LAEC, -Raman et -IR around the Soleil synchrotron equipments and PIXE carried with the AGLAE accelerator (Centre de recherche et de restauration des musĂ©es de France, C2RMF).The drug analysis was initiated in Lebanon in collaboration with a local pharmaceutical manufacturer (Mediphar Laboratories) in order to establish new processes for quality control of the final products. My study showed the complexity of the drug quantification which is due to the presence of several active ingredients (AI) and inactive organic and minerals components (excipients) mixed in secret conditions. Matrix effects are dominant and modify the ionic emission leading to significant systematic errors. This complexity has been analyzed with the study of FludiniumTM with two active ingredients. The results of this study allowed to obtain the first calibration curves of the ratio between the two AIs and to quantify them in the commercial drug. The protocol to perform the calibration curve and the quality controls were determined. These incorporate a profile analysis to control the homogeneity of the samples and the obtaining standards produced by the pharmaceutical manufacturer following the same process used for the commercial drug. Indeed, the experiments have shown that the preparation of the drug in the laboratory from its elements (AIs and excipients) doesn t give the same ionic emission as for the commercial drug.The Paris meteorite analysis was initiated by a collaboration with the Institut d Astrophysique Spatiale d Orsay team involved in the exobiology and the research of the first prebiotic molecules in the extraterrestrial samples. The work objective is to characterize the organic matter representing few percents in mass in a complex mineral matrix, without any chemical extraction that can induce a modification of these molecules. This study has demonstrated the interest of the multi-techniques approach centered on the mass spectrometry coupled to the ionic imaging for the determination of the main mineral and organic elements of the matrix. PIXE analysis coupled to the micrometric mapping permits to attribute the distribution of molecular ions and clusters of the mass spectra with different mineral compounds. These attributions continue with the creation of the data base of standard spectra. The organic component was determined and the first hypotheses were considered concerning PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), IOM (Insoluble Organic Matter) and analogues of amorphous carbon produced par UV irradiation of ices with a gas composition representing different hypotheses for the interstellar clouds. The establish protocols for multi-techniques (incorporating a follow of the sample by mass spectrometry and ion imaging) permits to start the analysis of other extra terrestrial samples collected on earth or in space.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. Ă©lectronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Cluster-surface interaction. Time of flight mass spectrometry imaging. Drugs and Paris’s meteorite analysis

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    Le Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC) poursuit un programme de dĂ©veloppement des techniques analytiques pour complĂ©ter l’analyse par faisceau d’ions (IBA). Il a dĂ©cidĂ© de s’équiper d’un spectromĂštre de masse couplĂ©e Ă  l’imagerie 2D puis rĂ©cemment 3D avec l’acquisition d’un spectromĂštre de masse IONTOF Vℱ Ă©quipĂ© de deux colonnes ioniques dĂ©livrant des faisceaux d’agrĂ©gats de bismuth et d’argon. Dans ce cadre, mon sujet de thĂšse a portĂ© sur l'optimisation de l’instrument nouvellement acquis pour l’analyse d’échantillons contenant des composĂ©s organiques. Les premiers sujets de recherche sont la mise au point du protocole d’analyse quantitative de mĂ©dicaments en utilisant la technique « cluster-SIMS-imaging » et l’analyse de la mĂ©tĂ©orite Paris pour localiser la matiĂšre organique et dĂ©terminer sa composition. Dans les deux cas une approche multi-technique a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e : IBA au LAEC, ”-Raman et ”-IR autour des Ă©quipements de Soleil et ”PIXE rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs de l’accĂ©lĂ©rateur AGLAE (Centre de recherche et de restauration des musĂ©es de France, C2RMF).L’analyse de mĂ©dicaments a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e au Liban en collaboration avec un fabricant local de produits pharmaceutiques (Mediphar Laboratories) dans le but d’établir de nouveaux procĂ©dĂ©s de contrĂŽle qualitĂ© de produits finis. Mon Ă©tude a montrĂ© la complexitĂ© du dosage de mĂ©dicament due Ă  la prĂ©sence de plusieurs molĂ©cules actives (Principe Actif, PA) et de substances organiques et minĂ©rales inactives (excipients) mĂ©langĂ©es dans des conditions secrĂštes. Les effets de matrice sont dominants et modifient l’émission ionique conduisant Ă  des erreurs systĂ©matiques importantes. Cette complexitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e avec l’étude du Fludiniumℱ possĂ©dant deux PAs. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude ont permis d’obtenir la premiĂšre courbe d’étalonnage du rapport des deux PAs et de quantifier ceux-ci dans les conditions du mĂ©dicament commercial. Le protocole pour effectuer cette courbe d’étalonnage et les contrĂŽles « qualité » ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s. Ceux-ci incorporeront une analyse en profil pour contrĂŽler l’homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des Ă©chantillons et l’obtention d’étalons produits par le fabricant en suivant ses processus de fabrication. En effet, les expĂ©riences ont montrĂ© que la rĂ©alisation du mĂ©dicament en laboratoire Ă  partir de ses Ă©lĂ©ments (PAs et excipients) ne donnait pas la mĂȘme rĂ©ponse ionique que le mĂ©dicament commercial. L’analyse de la mĂ©tĂ©orite Paris a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e par une collaboration avec une Ă©quipe de l’Institut d’Astrophysique Spatial d’Orsay impliquĂ©e dans l’exobiologie et la recherche des premiĂšres molĂ©cules prĂ©-biotiques dans des Ă©chantillons extraterrestres. Le but des recherches est de caractĂ©riser la matiĂšre organique reprĂ©sentant quelques pourcents en poids dans une matrice minĂ©rale complexe, sans utiliser des mĂ©thodes chimiques pouvant induire une modification de ces molĂ©cules. Cette Ă©tude a dĂ©montrĂ© l’intĂ©rĂȘt de l’approche multi-technique centrĂ©e autour de la spectromĂ©trie de masse couplĂ©e Ă  l’imagerie ionique pour dĂ©terminer les Ă©lĂ©ments principaux de la matrice minĂ©rale et organique. L’analyse par ”PIXE avec une cartographie micromĂ©trique a permis d’attribuer les distributions d’ions molĂ©culaires et agrĂ©gats des spectres de masse aux diffĂ©rents composĂ©s minĂ©raux. Ces attributions se poursuivent avec la constitution d’une base de donnĂ©es de spectres de rĂ©fĂ©rence. La composante organique a Ă©tĂ© extraite et les premiĂšres hypothĂšses de composition ont Ă©tĂ© envisagĂ©es autour des HAPs (Hydrocarbure Aromatique Polycyclique), MOI (MatiĂšre Organique Insoluble) et analogues de carbone amorphe produits par irradiation UV de glaces dont les compositions en gaz reprĂ©sentent diffĂ©rentes hypothĂšses pour les nuages interstellaires. Les protocoles d’analyses multi-techniques Ă©tablis (incorporant un suivi de l’échantillon par spectromĂ©trie de masse et imagerie ionique) permettent le dĂ©marrage d’analyse d’autres Ă©chantillons extra-terrestres collectĂ©s sur terre ou dans l’espace.The Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC) is incorporated in a development program of the analytical techniques in order to complete the Ion Beam Analysis (IBA). It was decided to get a mass spectrometer coupled to 2D and recently to 3D imaging, by acquiring an ION TOFVTM system equipped with two ionic columns delivering bismuth and argon cluster beams.In this context, my thesis is focused on the optimization of the instrument, recently purchased, for the analysis of samples containing organic compounds. The first subjects of research are the development of a protocol for quantitative analysis of drugs using the « cluster-SIMS-imaging » technique and the Paris meteorite analysis to determine its composition and to localize the organic matter. In the last case a multi-techniques approach was used : IBA in LAEC, ”-Raman et ”-IR around the Soleil synchrotron equipments and ”PIXE carried with the AGLAE accelerator (Centre de recherche et de restauration des musĂ©es de France, C2RMF).The drug analysis was initiated in Lebanon in collaboration with a local pharmaceutical manufacturer (Mediphar Laboratories) in order to establish new processes for quality control of the final products. My study showed the complexity of the drug quantification which is due to the presence of several active ingredients (AI) and inactive organic and minerals components (excipients) mixed in secret conditions. Matrix effects are dominant and modify the ionic emission leading to significant systematic errors. This complexity has been analyzed with the study of FludiniumTM with two active ingredients. The results of this study allowed to obtain the first calibration curves of the ratio between the two AIs and to quantify them in the commercial drug. The protocol to perform the calibration curve and the « quality» controls were determined. These incorporate a profile analysis to control the homogeneity of the samples and the obtaining standards produced by the pharmaceutical manufacturer following the same process used for the commercial drug. Indeed, the experiments have shown that the preparation of the drug in the laboratory from its elements (AIs and excipients) doesn’t give the same ionic emission as for the commercial drug.The Paris meteorite analysis was initiated by a collaboration with the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale d’Orsay team involved in the exobiology and the research of the first prebiotic molecules in the extraterrestrial samples. The work objective is to characterize the organic matter representing few percents in mass in a complex mineral matrix, without any chemical extraction that can induce a modification of these molecules. This study has demonstrated the interest of the multi-techniques approach centered on the mass spectrometry coupled to the ionic imaging for the determination of the main mineral and organic elements of the matrix. ”PIXE analysis coupled to the micrometric mapping permits to attribute the distribution of molecular ions and clusters of the mass spectra with different mineral compounds. These attributions continue with the creation of the data base of standard spectra. The organic component was determined and the first hypotheses were considered concerning PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), IOM (Insoluble Organic Matter) and analogues of amorphous carbon produced par UV irradiation of ices with a gas composition representing different hypotheses for the interstellar clouds. The establish protocols for multi-techniques (incorporating a follow of the sample by mass spectrometry and ion imaging) permits to start the analysis of other extra terrestrial samples collected on earth or in space

    Interaction agrégats-surface. Spectrométrie de masse par temps de vol et application analytique à des études sur des médicaments et sur la météorite Paris

    No full text
    The Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC) is incorporated in a development program of the analytical techniques in order to complete the Ion Beam Analysis (IBA). It was decided to get a mass spectrometer coupled to 2D and recently to 3D imaging, by acquiring an ION TOFVTM system equipped with two ionic columns delivering bismuth and argon cluster beams.In this context, my thesis is focused on the optimization of the instrument, recently purchased, for the analysis of samples containing organic compounds. The first subjects of research are the development of a protocol for quantitative analysis of drugs using the « cluster-SIMS-imaging » technique and the Paris meteorite analysis to determine its composition and to localize the organic matter. In the last case a multi-techniques approach was used : IBA in LAEC, ”-Raman et ”-IR around the Soleil synchrotron equipments and ”PIXE carried with the AGLAE accelerator (Centre de recherche et de restauration des musĂ©es de France, C2RMF).The drug analysis was initiated in Lebanon in collaboration with a local pharmaceutical manufacturer (Mediphar Laboratories) in order to establish new processes for quality control of the final products. My study showed the complexity of the drug quantification which is due to the presence of several active ingredients (AI) and inactive organic and minerals components (excipients) mixed in secret conditions. Matrix effects are dominant and modify the ionic emission leading to significant systematic errors. This complexity has been analyzed with the study of FludiniumTM with two active ingredients. The results of this study allowed to obtain the first calibration curves of the ratio between the two AIs and to quantify them in the commercial drug. The protocol to perform the calibration curve and the « quality» controls were determined. These incorporate a profile analysis to control the homogeneity of the samples and the obtaining standards produced by the pharmaceutical manufacturer following the same process used for the commercial drug. Indeed, the experiments have shown that the preparation of the drug in the laboratory from its elements (AIs and excipients) doesn’t give the same ionic emission as for the commercial drug.The Paris meteorite analysis was initiated by a collaboration with the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale d’Orsay team involved in the exobiology and the research of the first prebiotic molecules in the extraterrestrial samples. The work objective is to characterize the organic matter representing few percents in mass in a complex mineral matrix, without any chemical extraction that can induce a modification of these molecules. This study has demonstrated the interest of the multi-techniques approach centered on the mass spectrometry coupled to the ionic imaging for the determination of the main mineral and organic elements of the matrix. ”PIXE analysis coupled to the micrometric mapping permits to attribute the distribution of molecular ions and clusters of the mass spectra with different mineral compounds. These attributions continue with the creation of the data base of standard spectra. The organic component was determined and the first hypotheses were considered concerning PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), IOM (Insoluble Organic Matter) and analogues of amorphous carbon produced par UV irradiation of ices with a gas composition representing different hypotheses for the interstellar clouds. The establish protocols for multi-techniques (incorporating a follow of the sample by mass spectrometry and ion imaging) permits to start the analysis of other extra terrestrial samples collected on earth or in space.Le Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC) poursuit un programme de dĂ©veloppement des techniques analytiques pour complĂ©ter l’analyse par faisceau d’ions (IBA). Il a dĂ©cidĂ© de s’équiper d’un spectromĂštre de masse couplĂ©e Ă  l’imagerie 2D puis rĂ©cemment 3D avec l’acquisition d’un spectromĂštre de masse IONTOF Vℱ Ă©quipĂ© de deux colonnes ioniques dĂ©livrant des faisceaux d’agrĂ©gats de bismuth et d’argon. Dans ce cadre, mon sujet de thĂšse a portĂ© sur l'optimisation de l’instrument nouvellement acquis pour l’analyse d’échantillons contenant des composĂ©s organiques. Les premiers sujets de recherche sont la mise au point du protocole d’analyse quantitative de mĂ©dicaments en utilisant la technique « cluster-SIMS-imaging » et l’analyse de la mĂ©tĂ©orite Paris pour localiser la matiĂšre organique et dĂ©terminer sa composition. Dans les deux cas une approche multi-technique a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e : IBA au LAEC, ”-Raman et ”-IR autour des Ă©quipements de Soleil et ”PIXE rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs de l’accĂ©lĂ©rateur AGLAE (Centre de recherche et de restauration des musĂ©es de France, C2RMF).L’analyse de mĂ©dicaments a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e au Liban en collaboration avec un fabricant local de produits pharmaceutiques (Mediphar Laboratories) dans le but d’établir de nouveaux procĂ©dĂ©s de contrĂŽle qualitĂ© de produits finis. Mon Ă©tude a montrĂ© la complexitĂ© du dosage de mĂ©dicament due Ă  la prĂ©sence de plusieurs molĂ©cules actives (Principe Actif, PA) et de substances organiques et minĂ©rales inactives (excipients) mĂ©langĂ©es dans des conditions secrĂštes. Les effets de matrice sont dominants et modifient l’émission ionique conduisant Ă  des erreurs systĂ©matiques importantes. Cette complexitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e avec l’étude du Fludiniumℱ possĂ©dant deux PAs. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude ont permis d’obtenir la premiĂšre courbe d’étalonnage du rapport des deux PAs et de quantifier ceux-ci dans les conditions du mĂ©dicament commercial. Le protocole pour effectuer cette courbe d’étalonnage et les contrĂŽles « qualité » ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s. Ceux-ci incorporeront une analyse en profil pour contrĂŽler l’homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des Ă©chantillons et l’obtention d’étalons produits par le fabricant en suivant ses processus de fabrication. En effet, les expĂ©riences ont montrĂ© que la rĂ©alisation du mĂ©dicament en laboratoire Ă  partir de ses Ă©lĂ©ments (PAs et excipients) ne donnait pas la mĂȘme rĂ©ponse ionique que le mĂ©dicament commercial. L’analyse de la mĂ©tĂ©orite Paris a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e par une collaboration avec une Ă©quipe de l’Institut d’Astrophysique Spatial d’Orsay impliquĂ©e dans l’exobiologie et la recherche des premiĂšres molĂ©cules prĂ©-biotiques dans des Ă©chantillons extraterrestres. Le but des recherches est de caractĂ©riser la matiĂšre organique reprĂ©sentant quelques pourcents en poids dans une matrice minĂ©rale complexe, sans utiliser des mĂ©thodes chimiques pouvant induire une modification de ces molĂ©cules. Cette Ă©tude a dĂ©montrĂ© l’intĂ©rĂȘt de l’approche multi-technique centrĂ©e autour de la spectromĂ©trie de masse couplĂ©e Ă  l’imagerie ionique pour dĂ©terminer les Ă©lĂ©ments principaux de la matrice minĂ©rale et organique. L’analyse par ”PIXE avec une cartographie micromĂ©trique a permis d’attribuer les distributions d’ions molĂ©culaires et agrĂ©gats des spectres de masse aux diffĂ©rents composĂ©s minĂ©raux. Ces attributions se poursuivent avec la constitution d’une base de donnĂ©es de spectres de rĂ©fĂ©rence. La composante organique a Ă©tĂ© extraite et les premiĂšres hypothĂšses de composition ont Ă©tĂ© envisagĂ©es autour des HAPs (Hydrocarbure Aromatique Polycyclique), MOI (MatiĂšre Organique Insoluble) et analogues de carbone amorphe produits par irradiation UV de glaces dont les compositions en gaz reprĂ©sentent diffĂ©rentes hypothĂšses pour les nuages interstellaires. Les protocoles d’analyses multi-techniques Ă©tablis (incorporant un suivi de l’échantillon par spectromĂ©trie de masse et imagerie ionique) permettent le dĂ©marrage d’analyse d’autres Ă©chantillons extra-terrestres collectĂ©s sur terre ou dans l’espace

    Metadata RADIATE TA Proposal 23003100-ST

    No full text
    Proposal title "Quantification of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in commercialized drugs using elemental analysis". Measurements carried out at the external beam set-up for cultural heritage of the INFN LABEC accelerator laboratory, from 19 till 23 June 2023. Hands-off mode

    Topography Measurements Using High Mass Resolution Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: Application to Banknotes

    No full text
    International audienceAn unconventional approach using the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) technique to determine the height topography at the microscale is detailed in this work with an application to cotton paper banknotes. The study was conducted by determining the effect of all related factors and parameters on the height measurement by taking the simplest model made from two Post-it sheets. For each sample, the difference in the TOF of the same secondary ion coming from two different heights was successfully attributed to the step height of the studied areas’ topography, which was measured using classic methods. The measurement was independent of the orientation of the topography with regard to the primary ion beam and the electron beam azimuth. Moreover, the adjustment of the extraction gap with different layers has no effect on such measurements. However, a range of the analyzer acceptance energy values could be considered to achieve the expected outcomes only if the different analyzers’ component energies are also changing accordingly. Heights between 20 and 180 ÎŒm were successfully measured using this new method. An added benefit to this method over other height measurement methods is the ability to discern areas with different chemical compositions, which eventually may help aid understanding of the sample in question

    Study of the matrix effect on the PIXE quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients in different formulations

    No full text
    International audienceWhile Particle Induced X-ray Emission technique (PIXE) is an accurate technique to quantify Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API’s) via the analysis of their heteroatoms, each drug (formulation) may require a specific quantification procedure due to its distinct matrix composition.The commercial FludiniumÂź drug, which has two active ingredients Clidinium Bromide (C22H26NO3Br) and Dihydrochloride Trifluoperazine (C21H24N3F3S. 2HCl) has been taken as a case study in this work. Different amounts of its API’s and its placebo were mixed to provide various formulations.The matrix effect on the quantification of the three heteroatoms (chlorine, sulfur and bromine) related to the above API’s in different formulations has been studied. In fact, chlorine which is in its hydrochloride form in the API was not eventually considered for calculation due to its instability under beam. The calculation of bromine amount via its Kα or its Lα rays was found to be independent of the matrix composition and it was rapidly done by simple comparison to an external standard. However, the calculation of sulfur, via its Kα, was highly dependent on the matrix composition. Therefore, to achieve an accurate quantification a more sophisticated calculation method was used by means of the GUPIX code

    A click mediated route to a novel fluorescent pyridino-extended calix[4]pyrrole sensor: synthesis and binding studies

    No full text
    International audienceA novel fluorescent aryl-extended phenoxycalix[4]pyrrole ditopic sensor with enhanced cation recognition properties was efficiently synthesized via click chemistry and characterized through both molecular fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results demonstrate the selectivity of this fluorescent sensor for fluoride when taking into account its interaction with anions, while its cation binding properties showed selectivity for iron, and its sensing properties for several cations in dimethylsulfoxide. This work introduces a new ditopic receptor able to complex major environmentally relevant species and depicts the importance of click chemistry in the introduction of new tetra-chromophoric calix[4]pyrrole binding platforms with specific photophysical properties

    A Mineralogical Context for the Organic Matter in the Paris Meteorite Determined by A Multi-Technique Analysis

    No full text
    This study is a multi-technique investigation of the Paris carbonaceous chondrite directly applied on two selected 500 × 500 µm² areas of a millimetric fragment, without any chemical extraction. By mapping the partial hydration of the amorphous silicate phase dominating the meteorite sample matrix, infrared spectroscopy gave an interesting glimpse into the way the fluid may have circulated into the sample and partially altered it. The TOF-SIMS in-situ analysis allowed the studying and mapping of the wide diversity of chemical moieties composing the meteorite organic content. The results of the combined techniques show that at the micron scale, the organic matter was always spatially associated with the fine-grained and partially-hydrated amorphous silicates and to the presence of iron in different chemical states. These systematic associations, illustrated in previous studies of other carbonaceous chondrites, were further supported by the identification by TOF-SIMS of cyanide and/or cyanate salts that could be direct remnants of precursor ices that accreted with dust during the parent body formation, and by the detection of different metal-containing large organic ions. Finally, the results obtained emphasized the importance of studying the specific interactions taking place between organic and mineral phases in the chondrite matrix, in order to investigate their role in the evolution story of primitive organic matter in meteorite parent bodies
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