CONSIDERING THE SCOPE OF DEPRECIATION IN SHEET ROLLING MILLS IN DEVELOPING THE TECHNOLOGY OF THEIR RENOVATION

Consideration of the scope of depreciation in sheet rolling mills in developing the technology of their renovation

Chromato-Mass-Spectrometric Identification of Glycosides of Phenylethylamides of Hydroxycinnamic Acids in a Suspension Cell Culture of Mandragora turcomanica

Abstract: A detailed UPLC-ESI-MS study was performed on secondary metabolites in the biomass of a suspension plant cell culture of Turkmenian mandrake (Mandragora turcomanica Mizgir.), which has been maintained for over 30 years. Both compounds widespread in plants (amides of hydroxycinnamic acids with putrescine and feruloyltyramine) and very rare metabolites (glycosides of phenylethylamides of hydroxycinnamic acids) have been identified. The identification of compounds was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UPLC-ESI-MS) and detection of positive and negative ion modes. Structural analysis of glycosides of phenylethylamides of ferulic acid was carried out on the basis of interpreting MS spectra obtained by fragmentation of protonated molecular ions [M + H]+ of these compounds in the ionization source. Based on the obtained results, the presence of five hexosides of ferulic acid, three of which were with tyramine residues and one each with methoxytyramine and octopamine residues, respectively, in the M. turcomanica cells cultivated in vitro was revealed. One of the detected glycosides belongs to a very rare group of plant metabolites: feruloyltyramine dihexosides. The obtained results confirm the concept developed in the authors' works on the change in specialized metabolism of plant cells cultivated in vitro and indicate that dedifferentiated proliferating cells retain the ability to form a complex set of secondary metabolites, which contradicts the prevailing ideas about the loss or decrease in the intensity of specialized metabolism in plant cell cultures. © 2021, The Author(s).The work on growing the cell culture was carried out using the equipment of the Scientific and Production Complex Based on the Development of Nature-Saving Hi-Tech Biotechnology for Obtaining High-Quality Raw Materials for Pharmaceutical and Food Purposes Using Cultured Cells and Organs of Higher Plants or Microalgae, including the equipment of the Unique Scientific Installations All-Russia Collection of Cell Cultures of Higher Plants and the Experimental Biotechnological Complex of the Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UNU OBK IGF RAS and UNU VRKKK BP IGF RAS) with financial support from the Megagrant of the Government of the Russian Federation (agreement no. 075-15-2019-1882)

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF QUAZISTEADY MODE OF BEARING AIR BUFFER FILLING

Summary. Today the only way to eliminate contact with the product during the manufacturing process is to provide a support surface under its support surface air buffer layer formed due to the expiration of the working environment through holes perforated gas distribution grids forms. There proposed the method of contactless formation of products consisting of composite materials by the means of air buffer in the article. The results of theoretical and experimental investigations of hydro-gas-dynamic processes occurring when casting of organic- mineral composite material onto the bearing air buffer expressed in the form of mathematical description realizing original hypotheses reflected in the choice of transformation algorithm and limiting conditions are presented. On the base of obtained mathematical model the algorithm of calculation of optimum parameters of transporting systems with discretely powered gas buffer is developed. The method of deduction of a semi-finished product on the gas buffer, which allows to level the pressure field under the bearing surface of the deduction object due to the usage of devices of pseudo fluidized granular material in pneumatic chambers is offered. The application of this method allows to eliminate the possibility of contact between the composite material and the working surface of the equipment and also to reduce the cost of production of pneumatic devices, to improve operational characteristics of this equipment. Submitted depending allowed to develop the methodology and implementation of engineering calculation device for non-contact casting composite materials on air buffer, semi-industrial and industrial variants were created and put into production

Renewable energy-based plant remote monitoring complex using Wi-Fi channels and elements of artificial vision

This paper presents an analysis of the renewable energy-based plant operation using special systems designed for monitoring the plant operation parameters and for performing the atmospheric parameters control. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering;International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen

Effect of Synthetic Auxin Analogs (2.4-D and α-NAA) on Growth and Biosynthetic Characteristics of Suspension Cell Culture of Tribulus terrestris L.

Abstract: Effect of synthetic analogs of auxins—2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2.4-D) and α-naphthylacetic (α-NAA) acids—on growth characteristics and accumulation of steroidal glycosides was investigated in suspension cell culture of Tribulus terrestris L. It was found that the substitution of α-NAA for 2.4-D in the nutrient medium brought about a rise in the content of steroidal glycosides in the cultured cells (up to six times) and broadened their structural diversity (nine identified oligofurostanosides when growing culture on the medium with α-NAA vs. five compounds on the medium with 2.4-D). Positive influence of α-NAA exerted on biosynthetic characteristics of T. terrestris suspension cell culture was accompanied by changes in cell morphology (cytodifferentiation), the extent of their aggregation, and gradual decrease (during 3–4 cycles of growing) in culture viability up to its extinction. Simultaneous presence of both synthetic analogs of auxins (α-NAA and 2.4-D) in the growing medium also caused a rise in the content of steroidal glycosides in the cells of T. terrestris, although it was less pronounced (up to three times); however, the culture showed a relatively steady growth and great viability in this case. It was concluded that these two auxin analogs differently influenced the growth of plants’ cells in vitro and biosynthesis of substances of specialized metabolism, 2.4-D promoted cell proliferation, whereas α-NAA induced cytodifferentiation and activated the production of secondary compounds. This conclusion is corroborated by the data concerning plant cell cultures of other species of medicinal plants accumulating secondary metabolites from other groups. For instance, in the experiments with suspension cell culture of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., substitution in the growth medium of α-NAA for 2.4-D brought about a rise in the content and diversity of triterpene glycosides (ginsenosides) associated with an elevated cell aggregation and deterioration of culture’s viability. Comparison of production of steroidal glycosides in plant cell cultures of T. terrestris and Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. that is grown for more than 40 years has shown that both cultures accumulated only furostanol (rather than spirostanol) glycosides that promoted cell proliferation. In suspension cell culture of Dioscorea, a high level of oligofurostanosides (up to 12% of dry biomass) was accumulated when growing culture on the medium with 2.4-D. Thus, investigation into the production of furostanol glycosides in plant cultured cells points to a multifactor system of regulation of secondary metabolism in vitro. Different synthetic auxin analogs may exert alternative influences on growth and biosynthetic processes. At the same time, prolonged culturing leads to an autoselection of cells with the properties promoting proliferation, specifically, with a high content of furostanol glycosides. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-14-00387

Specificity of Growth and Synthesis of Secondary Metabolites in Cultures in vitro Digitalis lanata Ehrh.

Abstract: Rhizogenic, callus, and suspension cultures in vitro were obtained for Digitalis lanata and their growth, cytophysiological and biochemical characteristics were investigated. The obtained cultures were characterized by good growth characteristics (growth indexes I in the range of 5–13). Suspension cell culture had a specific growth rate μ within 0.2–0.3 days–1 and it was characterized by a two-phase growth curve (growth retardation during the exponential phase). In the obtained cultures, a study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of secondary metabolites by UPLC-ESI-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS showed the absence of cardiac glycosides. At the same time, phenylethanoids and steroidal glycosides of the furostanol type were found in all studied cultures. The total content of phenylethanoids in callus and suspension cultures was approximately 0.5% of the dry biomass. Based on the results of mass spectrometry, ten phenylethanoid structures, including digiciliside A, digiciliside B, maxoside, purpureaside E, and their methyl derivatives and isomers, and also seven furostanol glycosides with aglycones tigogenin and gitogenin were identified. It has been shown that the composition of secondary metabolites depends on the degree of cell differentiation: furostanol glycosides were prevalent in a rhizogenic culture consisting mainly of differentiated cells, while the diversity of phenylethanoids significantly increases in callus and suspension cell cultures consisting of dedifferentiated cells. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis put forward in our previous works about the specificity of secondary metabolism and its high intensity in plant cell cultures. © 2022, The Author(s).Government Council on Grants, Russian Federation: 075-15-2019-1882The work was carried out on the basis of the “Scientific and Production Biotechnological Complex for the Study, Preservation, and Practical Application of Cultured Cells and Organs of Higher Plants and Microalgae” with the financial support of the Megagrant of the Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement no. 075-15-2019-1882)

Fast optical variability of SS 433

We study the optical variability of the peculiar Galactic source SS 433 using the observations made with the Russian Turkish 1.5-m telescope (RTT150). A simple technique which allows to obtain high-quality photometric measurements with 0.3-1 s time resolution using ordinary CCD is described in detail. Using the test observations of nonvariable stars, we show that the atmospheric turbulence introduces no significant distortions into the measured light curves. Therefore, the data obtained in this way are well suited for studying the aperiodic variability of various objects. The large amount of SS 433 optical light curve measurements obtained in this way allowed us to obtain the power spectra of its flux variability with a record sensitivity up to frequencies of ~0.5 Hz and to detect its break at frequency =~2.4e-3 Hz. We suggest that this break in the power spectrum results from the smoothing of the optical flux variability due to a finite size of the emitting region. Based on our measurement of the break frequency in the power spectrum, we estimated the size of the accretion-disk photosphere as 2e12 cm. We show that the amplitude of the variability in SS 433 decreases sharply during accretion-disk eclipses, but it does not disappear completely. This suggests that the size of the variable optical emission source is comparable to that of the normal star whose size is therefore R_O \approx 2e12 cm \approx 30 R_sun. The decrease in flux variability amplitude during eclipses suggests the presence of a nonvariable optical emission component with a magnitude m_R=~13.2.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy Letters. The original version in Russian is available at http://hea.iki.rssi.ru/rtt150/ru/ss433_pazh10/pss433_fast.pd

SOME FEATURES OF CURRENT TECHNOGENIC MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH’S CRUST

We describe the history of studying the current crustal movements by various methods and discuss technogenic effects recorded at large water-reservoir zones and mineral deposits in Siberia. Initially, classical surveying techniques aimed to obtain high-accuracy ground-based measurements of height, tilt and direction. Modern geodesy techniques and methods for measuring absolute gravity are now available to investigate displacement, deformation, tilt and other phenomena taking place on the Earth’s surface. These methods are used to estimate kinematic parameters of the crust areas (e.g. rates of subsidence and horizontal movements) and to monitor fluid motions in mineral deposits. Such data are critical for ensuring a proper management of the mineral deposits. In this article, we analyse technogenic processes observed in the Ust Balyk oil-gas field, the Zapolyarny gas deposit, the water-reservoir zone at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station (SSHPS) on the Yenisei river, and large open-pit mines in the Kuzbass basin. Our analysis is based on surface displacement rates estimated from the data collected in different periods of observations at large man-made facilities. In the study of the hydro technical objects, we estimated the displacement rates at 5.0 mm per year. In the northern areas of the West Siberian petroleum basin, subsidence rates amounted to 20–25 mm per year in the early 2000s. These estimates were supported by the high-accuracy gravity measurements showing an increase up to 6–7 microGal per year in the oil-gas field development areas. We assess a possibility of triggering effects related to weak seismicity due to a high stress accumulation rate (1 KPa per hour) in the SSHPS area. A connection between earth tides and catastrophic events, such as gas emissions in high amounts on mining sites, is discussed. Having analysed the surface monitoring records taken in South Primorye in September 2017, we conclude that underground nuclear explosions in North Korea in this period did not cause any significant displacement of the surface in this most southerly region of the Russian Far East territories

Лечение и прогноз больных переходноклеточным раком мочевого пузыря с метастазами в регионарные лимфоузлы

Objective: to assess the results of treatment and to identify the predictors of survival in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with regional lymph node metastasis.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 56 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (pT1—4aN1—2M0—1,) who underwent radical cystectomy at the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Center between 1980 and 2005 was performed. Their median age was 58.6 years; males and females were 85.7 and 14.3%, respectively. Studer`s (19.7%), Bricker`s (73.2%) procedures and ureterocutaneostomy (7.1%) were used for urinary divertion. Thirty-six (64.3%) of the 56 patients received additional treatment: neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) (n = 2 (3.6%)), adjuvant therapy (n = 32 (57.1%)); CT (n = 24 (42.8%)), and radiotherapy (n = 6 (10.7%)), chemoradiation therapy (n = 2 (3.6%)), and neo- and adjuvant CT (n = 2 (3.6%)). The median follow-up was 21.7 months (1-97.6 months).Results. The effect of neoadjuvant CT was assessed as stabilization in all cases. Less than 15 lymph nodes were removed in 27 (48.2%), 15 lymph nodes or more were removed in 29 (51.8%) patients. The category pN+ was diagnosed in all cases: pN1 in 19 (33.9%), pN2 in 37 (66.1%). Involvement of nonregional (paraaortic) lymph nodes (pM+) was detected in 3 (5.4%) patients. Recurrences developed in 41 (71.9%) of the 56 patients on an average of 11.8 months after termination of treatment: localized regional and distant metastases in 3 (5.3%) and 35 (61.4%) patients, respectively; their combination in 3 (5.3%). In all 56 patients, overall, tumor-specific, and relapse-free 5-year survival was 32.1, 34.0, and 17.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that a history of superficial carcinoma (p = 0.036), as well as nonregional lymphogenic metastases (p = 0.036), and additional treatment (p = 0.020) were significant predictors. There was a trend for better survival in patients with pT < 3a (p = 0.056), after removal of more than 15 lymph nodes (p = 0.084), Bricker's operation (p = 0.055), and adjuvant therapy (p = 0.065).Conclusion. Multimodal approach for transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with regional metastases improves tumor-specific 5-year survival as compared with that after radical cystectomy alone.

Effect of Phytopreparations Based on Bioreactor-Grown Cell Biomass of Dioscorea Deltoidea, Tribulus Terrestris and Panax Japonicus on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of bioreactor-grown cell cultures of the medicinal plant species Dioscorea deltoidea, Tribulus terrestris and Panax japonicus to treat carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) in laboratory rats. In the adrenaline model of hyperglycemia, aqueous suspensions of cell biomass pre-administered at a dose of 100 mg dry biomass/kg significantly reduced glucose level in animal blood 1–2.5 h (D. deltoidea and T. terrestris) or 1 h (P. japonicus) after adrenaline hydrochloride administration. In a streptozotocin-induced model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the cell biomass of D. deltoidea and T. terrestris acted towards normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as evidenced by a significant reduction of daily diuresis (by 39– 57%), blood-glucose level (by 46–51%), blood content in urine (by 78–80%) and total cholesterol (25– 36%) compared to animals without treatment. Bioactive secondary metabolites identified in the cell cultures and potentially responsible for their actions were deltoside, 25(S)-protodioscin and protodioscin in D. deltoidea; furostanol-type steroidal glycosides and quinic acid derivatives in T. terrestris; and ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides in P. japonicus. These results evidenced for high potential of bioreactor-grown cell suspensions of these species for prevention and treatment of CMD, which requires further investigation. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This.Funding: Bioreactor cultivation of plant cell suspensions and their biochemical analysis were financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation through Megagrant project no. 075-15-2019-1882 and performed by using the equipment of the large-scale research facilities “Experimental biotechnological facility” and “All-Russian Collection of cell cultures of higher plants” of the IPPRAS (EBF IPPRAS and ARCCC HP IPPRAS). Hypoglycemic activity evaluation of the cell biomass was performed with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation project no. 19-14-00387. The results of the hypoglycemic activity evaluation were obtained by using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use “Analytical Center of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU) of the Ministry of Health of Russia”, equipped with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia