„Serce mam jakby podzielone na dwie części…” Elementy kulturowe w zbiorze ćwiczeń dla użytkowników języka polskiego jako dziedziczonego Na końcu języka

Artykuł omawia elementy kulturowe w zbiorze ćwiczeń pt. Na końcu języka, opracowanym na potrzeby doskonalenia kompetencji językowej u Polaków o nierównoważonej dwujęzyczności polsko-niemieckiej. Adresatami ćwiczeń są osoby należące do pierwszego pokolenia polonijnego, a zatem dzieci polskich emigrantów w Niemczech. Tematem naszych rozważań są treści kulturowe w dydaktyce języka dziedziczonego (heritage language) – języka, który występuje u osób wychowujących się za granicą i znających język rodzimy głównie z komunikacji w domu. Wraz z dorastaniem tzw. heritage speaker przyjmuje język kraju zamieszkania jako kod funkcjonalnie pierwszy, a język rodzimy nie ma możliwości zupełnego wykształcenia się lub jego elementy stopniowo ulegają erozji. Przytoczony w tytule cytat jest fragmentem wypowiedzi przedstawicielki drugiego pokolenia polskich emigrantów w Niemczech i wprowadza w problematykę tożsamości kulturowej osób bilingwalnych.Modern changes related to globalization and more intensive mobility of people, imply the increase of number of Poles living abroad. Bilingualism of children of Polish immigrants, who grow up in a foreign country, quite often remains unbalanced. Polish language then becomes their heritage language. However, growing up abroad not only makes someone bilingual, but also bicultural. Inheriting the culture of one’s parents and gaining knowledge about the culture from a limited number of sources (parents, Saturday School, stereotypes circulating in the country of residence) results in learning about it passively and selectively. Language exercises on the website At the tip of the tongue which develop language competence of Polish heritage speakers were designed for Poles living in Germany as a result of the project Linguistic and glottodidactic aspects of Polish-German unbalanced bilingualism. An integral part of the exercises are intra-, inter- and trans-cultural content. This article aims to discuss the role of cultural content in teaching Polish as a heritage language

Understanding Social Resilience in the Maine Lobster Industry

The Maine lobster Homarus americanus fishery is considered one of the most successful fisheries in the world due in part to its unique comanagement system, the conservation ethic of the harvesters, and the ability of the industry to respond to crises and solve collective-action problems. However, recent threats raise the question whether the industry will be able to respond to future threats as successfully as it has to ones in the past or whether it is now less resilient and can no longer adequately respond to threats. Through ethnographic research and oral histories with fishermen, we examined the current level of social resilience in the lobster fishery. We concentrated on recent threats to the industry and the ways in which it has responded to them, focusing on three situations: a price drop beginning in 2008, a recovery in 2010–2011, and a second collapse of prices in 2012. In addition, we considered other environmental and regulatory concerns identified by fishermen. We found that the industry is not responding effectively to recent threats and identified factors that might explain the level of social resilience in the fishery

Recovery from Mercury Contamination in the Second Songhua River, China

Mercury pollution in the Second Songhua River (SSR) was serious in the last century due to effluent from a chemical corporation. Effects of riverine self-purification on mercury removal were studied by comparing monitoring data of mercury concentrations varieties in water, sediment, and fish in the past, about 30 years. The present work suggested that a river of such a size like the SSR possessed the potential ability to recover from mercury pollution under the condition that mercury sources were cut off, though it needs a very long time, which might be several decades or even a century of years. During the 30 years with no effluent containing mercury input, total mercury (T-Hg) of water and sediment in some typical segments, mostly near the past effluent outlet, had decreased radically but still higher than the background values, though the decrease amplitudes were over 90% compared with that in 1975. T-Hg had decreased by more than 90% in most fishes, but some were still not suitable for consumption. Methylmercury concentrations (MeHg) of water, sediment, and fish were higher or close to the background levels in 2004. In the coming decades, the purification processes in the SSR would be steady and slow for a long period

Diel Variations in Survey Catch Rates and Survey Catchability of Spiny Dogfish and their Pelagic Prey in the Northeast US Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem

This study examines the potential uncertainty in survey biomass estimates of Spiny Dogfish Squalus acanthias in the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (NES LME). Diel catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) estimates are examined from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center bottom trawl surveys conducted during autumn (1963-2009) and spring (1968-2009). Influential environmental variables on survey catchability are identified for Spiny Dogfish life history stages and five pelagic prey species: Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus, Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus, shortfin squid Illex spp., longfin squid Doryteuthis spp., and Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus. Daytime survey catchability was significantly higher than nighttime catchability for most species during autumn and for mature male Spiny Dogfish, shortfin squid, and longfin squid during spring in the NES LME. For most stages and species examined, breakpoint analyses identified significant increases in CPUE in the morning, peak CPUE during the day, and significant declines in CPUE in the late afternoon. Seasonal probabilities of daytime catch were largely driven by solar zenith angle for most species, with stronger trends identified during autumn. Unadjusted CPUE estimates appear to overestimate absolute abundance, with adjustments resulting in reductions in absolute abundance ranging from 41% for Spiny Dogfish to 91% for shortfin and longfin squids. These findings have important implications for Spiny Dogfish regarding estimates of population consumption of key pelagic prey species and their ecological footprint within the NES LME

Applied Machine Learning for the Prediction of Growth of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Humans

Objective: Accurate prediction of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth in an individual can allow personalised stratification of surveillance intervals and better inform the timing for surgery. The authors recently described the novel significant association between flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and future AAA growth. The feasibility of predicting future AAA growth was explored in individual patients using a set of benchmark machine learning techniques. Methods: The Oxford Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Study (OxAAA) prospectively recruited AAA patients undergoing the routine NHS management pathway. In addition to the AAA diameter, FMD was systemically measured in these patients. A benchmark machine learning technique (non-linear Kernel support vector regression) was applied to predict future AAA growth in individual patients, using their baseline FMD and AAA diameter as input variables. Results: Prospective growth data were recorded at 12 months (360 ± 49 days) in 94 patients. Of these, growth data were further recorded at 24 months (718 ± 81 days) in 79 patients. The average growth in AAA diameter was 3.4% at 12 months, and 2.8% per year at 24 months. The algorithm predicted the individual's AAA diameter to within 2 mm error in 85% and 71% of patients at 12 and 24 months. Conclusions: The data highlight the utility of FMD as a biomarker for AAA and the value of machine learning techniques for AAA research in the new era of precision medicine

Perspectives in visual imaging for marine biology and ecology: from acquisition to understanding

Durden J, Schoening T, Althaus F, et al. Perspectives in Visual Imaging for Marine Biology and Ecology: From Acquisition to Understanding. In: Hughes RN, Hughes DJ, Smith IP, Dale AC, eds. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. 54. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2016: 1-72

„Serce mam jakby podzielone na dwie części…” Elementy kulturowe w zbiorze ćwiczeń dla użytkowników języka polskiego jako dziedziczonego Na końcu języka

Artykuł omawia elementy kulturowe w zbiorze ćwiczeń pt. Na końcu języka, opracowanym na potrzeby doskonalenia kompetencji językowej u Polaków o nierównoważonej dwujęzyczności polsko-niemieckiej. Adresatami ćwiczeń są osoby należące do pierwszego pokolenia polonijnego, a zatem dzieci polskich emigrantów w Niemczech. Tematem naszych rozważań są treści kulturowe w dydaktyce języka dziedziczonego (heritage language) – języka, który występuje u osób wychowujących się za granicą i znających język rodzimy głównie z komunikacji w domu. Wraz z dorastaniem tzw. heritage speaker przyjmuje język kraju zamieszkania jako kod funkcjonalnie pierwszy, a język rodzimy nie ma możliwości zupełnego wykształcenia się lub jego elementy stopniowo ulegają erozji. Przytoczony w tytule cytat jest fragmentem wypowiedzi przedstawicielki drugiego pokolenia polskich emigrantów w Niemczech i wprowadza w problematykę tożsamości kulturowej osób bilingwalnych.Modern changes related to globalization and more intensive mobility of people, imply the increase of number of Poles living abroad. Bilingualism of children of Polish immigrants, who grow up in a foreign country, quite often remains unbalanced. Polish language then becomes their heritage language. However, growing up abroad not only makes someone bilingual, but also bicultural. Inheriting the culture of one’s parents and gaining knowledge about the culture from a limited number of sources (parents, Saturday School, stereotypes circulating in the country of residence) results in learning about it passively and selectively. Language exercises on the website At the tip of the tongue which develop language competence of Polish heritage speakers were designed for Poles living in Germany as a result of the project Linguistic and glottodidactic aspects of Polish-German unbalanced bilingualism. An integral part of the exercises are intra-, inter- and trans-cultural content. This article aims to discuss the role of cultural content in teaching Polish as a heritage language

Sports and Exercise Therapists – working across the physical activity spectrum

There is a growing recognition of the impact of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions on people, employers, the health service and the economy. MSK conditions are now recognised as one of six major health disorders contributing to the burden of disease in England.1 Interestingly, the Government in England is looking to resource MSK provisions via leisure and community settings, with an initiative using MSK Hubs.2 It is an innovative idea but raises questions such as: Where will the workforce come from, and which practitioners have the expertise to deal with the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of MSK conditions within a multidisciplinary team? With the mounting importance of high-quality MSK care to ease the burden on society, keeping as many people as possible physically active, Sports and Exercise Therapists can provide the solution

Energy-neutral solar-powered street lighting with predictive and adaptive behaviour

Street lighting can enhance the safety and security of residential and commercial areas. However, its installation and operation is expensive: cables must be installed, and power is drawn from the grid which is typically dominated by non-renewable sources. A potential solution is the use of solar energy to power individual street lights locally. However, with limited energy storage and variable solar availability, existing lighting control strategies are unsuitable for this application. This paper describes the extension of an existing grid-powered street light management scheme, which responds to vehicles and pedestrians by dynamically changing the brightness of street lights in their vicinity, setting an optimal pattern of lighting. The proposed scheme, TALiSMaN-Green, achieves energy-neutral solar-powered operation. It maintains a consistent level of usefulness of street lights across a complete overnight period, regardless of the amount of energy stored at the beginning of the night. Unlike existing schemes, which may run out of energy during the night, it learns the dynamics of traffic volumes and sunrise times and budgets energy accordingly