Social Difference and the Problem of the “Unique Individual”: An Uneasy Legacy of Child-Centred Pedagogy

In this article I explore how the discourse of child-centred pedagogy both shapes and limits how teachers talk about issues of social difference in their teaching practice. By examining the testimony of four experienced inner-city elementary teachers, I problema- tize two key tenets of child-centred pedagogy: the child as “unique individual” and the teacher as neutral change agent. I also explore these two subject positions in relation to Whiteness and White privilege. What does child-centred pedagogy hold in common with White privilege, in terms of how it constructs social identities? This article is framed by a concern for the ramifications of the legacy of child-centred pedagogy for current-day teacher education students, who are learning to teach in increasingly diverse contexts. Dans cet article, l’auteure explore comment le discours de la pédagogie centrée sur l’enfant façonne et limite à la fois la manière dont les enseignants abordent les questions de différence sociale dans leur enseignement. En examinant le témoignage de quatre enseignants d’expérience travaillant dans des écoles de quartiers défavorisés, l’auteure se penche sur deux principes clés de la pédagogie centrée sur l’enfant : l’enfant comme indi- vidu unique et l’enseignant comme agent neutre de changement. Elle explore la question de privilège liée à l’appartenance à la majorité de race blanche. Cet article tient compte de l’inquiétude que suscitent les ramifications du legs de la pédagogie centrée sur l’enfant sur les étudiants-maîtres d’aujourd’hui qui sont appelés à enseigner dans des contextes de plus en plus diversifiés.

Dear Lucy: A Multilogue Response to Lucy E. Bailey\u27s Epistolary Hauntings

Naomi Norquay provides a multilogue response to Lucy E. Bailey\u27s essay, Epistolary Hauntings: Working \u27With\u27 and \u27On\u27 Family Letters

Kate Atkinson: Plotting to Be Read

Exploration of Kate Atkinson's recent fiction: the Case Histories series and Live After Life and a God in Ruin

The Old Durham Road Black Pioneer Settlement: Contested Place as an Invitation to Curriculum

Using Lippard’s (1997) conceptual framings of place (the physical, ideological and imaginary), we consider how the dominant White Pioneer Narrative shapes stories told about a historic Black pioneer settlement in Grey County, Ontario. The contested history of this community demonstrates the importance of place to people’s stories and it also points to new imaginings that might restore this forgotten community to its rightful place in local history. An oral history project with community elders and an engagement with children in the local school are used to explore the tensions and a hopeful way forward

Please like me : an exegesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Design (Fashion Design) at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand

Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 27, 29, 34 & 36 removed for copyright reasons. They may be accessed via the links provided on pages 54-56 of the exegesis.Please Like Me is a fashion collection which aims to critique women’s objectification in its many forms. The objectification of women has long been seen as a concept which exists only within visual media, such as film, television, and advertising. In actuality, it has crept into the ways we see and talk about women. It is now seen as appropriate to apply terms to women which were previously and traditionally only connected to the discussion of product, and product exchange. Women’s objectification was also previously seen as only occurring within the framework of large corporations, a tool and crutch of our capitalist system. One needs only to glance through any social media outlet to disprove this theory. Social media has allowed the memetic spread of misogynist ideas at an unprecedented pace and scope. People from all walks of life, not merely those who stand to gain financially from the insecurities of women, participate in this new application of language. A notable example of this is the internet meme urging men to “take their girl swimming on the first date”, to unveil whether they are “false advertising” through use of cosmetics. While I deny that commodifying language use is limited to the discussion of capitalist practice, I will argue that the prevalence of capitalism has led to this outcome. I have used fashion as my medium for the discussion of this topic because I see correlations in how both fashion and women are perceived academically, culturally, and socially. Both have been presented as frivolous and without true substance, and are thus too often written off as a pursuit, or a person, that is able to contribute to these circles. Fashion is often, and sometimes fairly, said to be the most misogynistic industry of them all, due to its perceived mission statement of transforming bodies to their most palatable form. As a result of this, I believe that fashion is a challenging, interesting, and subversive medium for this discussion to take place within. Please Like Me is a visual representation of my impatience with the unreasonable and unrealistic standards women are held to, both in mass media and everyday life. It comes from a place of fatigue, irritability, and frustration. It is, and I am, disenchanted with the prospect that anything can or will change. It merely wants to be seen and heard- an opportunity denied to so many women, for so long

Perinatal losses in beef herds in Orkney : Assessing incidence and associated pathology from general practice

There is a long history of high quality beef production in the Orkney Islands; however, perinatal losses (death of a full term calf from birth to 48 hours old) remain a major loss of potential income to producers. In an ideal situation, perinatal losses should occur in <2% of all calving cattle on British beef herds (Caldow et al., 2005). Local veterinary surgeons in Orkney perceived a high incidence of perinatal losses in beef herds which prompted further investigation of the incidence and aetiologies of these losses. A post mortem examination protocol and diagnostic algorithm were developed for the systematic investigation and categorisation of bovine perinatal losses in beef cattle, to allow the establishment of time of death, proximal cause of death and contributing factors to death. The incidence of perinatal losses and association with specified calving-related factors were described in a convenience sample of beef suckler herds in Orkney (n=11 herds, 1101 cows) (targeted herds) for the 2016 calf crop (1st February to 10th June). The proximal cause of calf death and contributing risk factors to death were determined in beef calves presented to a veterinary practice in Orkney for the 2016 calf crop from both targeted and passive herds. Targeted herds were defined as recruited herds, which were required to submit all perinatal losses. Passive herds were defined as herds submitting calves ad-hoc according to farmer motivation, with no further perinatal loss submission requirements. A total of 53 calves were submitted for gross post-mortem examination and further testing. Bovine perinatal mortality incidence varied from 1.6% to 12.4% across targeted herds, with an overall incidence of 5.1%, representing a higher incidence than the target for British beef herds. A proximal cause of death was reported for 89% of submissions. Diagnoses for perinatal losses included; anoxia, infection, congenital malformation and traumatocia. In submissions from targeted herds, death due to anoxia developing during stage two of parturition represented the largest cause of death (58%), with varying contributing factors. This was in comparison to submissions from passive herds, where death due to infection represented the largest cause of death (40%). Through application of a systematic diagnostic protocol, this study has indicated that perinatal losses in beef herds are a significant problem and require further industry attention to reduce losses

Feasibility of human lung ventilation imaging using highly polarized naturally abundant xenon and optimized three-dimensional steady-state free precession

Purpose To demonstrate the potential for high quality MRI of pulmonary ventilation using naturally abundant xenon (NAXe) gas. Methods MRI was performed at 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3 T on one healthy smoker and two healthy never-smokers. 129Xe gas was polarized to ∼25% using an in-house spin-exchange optical pumping polarizer fitted with a laser diode array with integrated volume holographic grating and optical train system. Volunteers inhaled 1 L of NAXe for an 8 to 15 s breathhold while MR images were acquired with full-lung coverage using a three-dimensional steady-state free precession sequence, optimized for maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a given spatial resolution. For the purpose of image quality comparison, the MR acquisition was repeated at 1.5 T with 400 mL enriched xenon and 200 mL 3He. Results All NAXe lung images were of high quality, with mean SNRs of 25–40 (voxel 4.2 × 4.2 × 8/10 mm3) and ∼30% improvement at 3 T versus 1.5 T. The high SNR permitted identification of minor ventilation defects in the healthy smoker's lungs. NAXe images were of comparable SNR to those obtained with enriched xenon and 3He. Conclusion Optimization of MR pulse sequences and advances in polarization technology have facilitated high quality pulmonary ventilation imaging with inexpensive NAXe gas. Magn Reson Med 74:346–352, 2015

Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 129Xe

The nuclear spin polarisation of 129Xe can be increased by four to five orders of magnitude using the technique spin-exchange optical pumping. The resulting enhancement in polarisation can be utilised to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of 129Xe in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications. This thesis is concerned with the physics of spin-exchange optical pumping and NMR spectroscopy of hyperpolarised 129Xe. Its general aims are to optimise the production of hyperpolarised 129Xe and to evaluate the underlying NMR mechanisms of 129Xe in blood (in vitro and in vivo). Chapters 3 and 4 detail experiments and modelling on a spin-exchange optical pumping polariser with the aim to optimise the production of hyperpolarised 129Xe for nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopy. This optimisation has enabled high-quality imaging of the airspaces of the human lungs as well as spectroscopy of 129Xe dissolved in blood and lung tissue. In addition to 129Xe polarisation optimisation, in Chapter 5, NMR experiments on 129Xe in human blood were performed to determine constants underpinning 129Xe NMR relaxation and exchange dynamics in whole blood samples. These constants should enable accurate modelling of 129Xe signal dynamics during in vivo experiments involving xenon transport from the lungs to distal tissues. Lastly, in Chapter 6, hyperpolarised 129Xe NMR was used to probe pulmonary blood oxygenation in vivo. A non-linear relationship between the 129Xe chemical shift in red blood cells was determined in vitro on human blood samples at 1.5 T and 3 T. This relationship was used for dynamic measurements of pulmonary blood oxygenation in a healthy volunteer during breath-hold apnoea on a 3 T scanner