Less ICU beds is more: the pro position

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156073/1/valley_ and_noritomi-less_is_more-3.17.20.docxSEL

Evaluation of cost-effectiveness from the funding body’s point of view of ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion compared with the conventional technique

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o custo-efetividade da inserção de cateter venoso central guiada por ultrassonografia em tempo real, em comparação com a técnica tradicional, que é baseada na técnica de reparos anatômicos externos, sob a perspectiva da fonte pagadora. Métodos: Uma simulação teórica, baseada em dados de literatura internacional foi aplicada ao contexto brasileiro, ou seja, ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foi estruturada uma árvore de decisão, que apresentava as duas técnicas para inserção de cateter venoso central: ultrassonografia em tempo real versus reparos anatômicos externos. As probabilidades de falha e complicações foram extraídas de uma busca nas bases PubMed e Embase, e os valores associados ao procedimento e às complicações foram extraídos de pesquisa de mercado e do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Cada alternativa de passagem do cateter venoso central teve um custo calculado por meio do seguimento de cada um dos possíveis caminhos da árvore de decisão. A razão de custo-efetividade incremental foi calculada considerando-se a divisão do custo incremental médio da técnica de ultrassonografia em tempo real comparada à técnica de reparos anatômicos externos pelo benefício incremental médio, em termos de complicações evitadas. Resultados: O custo final médio avaliado pela árvore de decisão, considerando a incorporação da ultrassonografia em tempo real e a redução de custo por diminuição de complicações, para a técnica de reparos anatômicos externos foi de R$262,27 e, para ultrassonografia em tempo real, de R$187,94. O custo incremental final foi de -R$74,33 por cateter venoso central. A razão de custo-efetividade incremental foi -R$2.494,34 por pneumotórax evitado. Conclusão: A inserção de cateter venoso central com auxílio de ultrassonografia em tempo real esteve associada à diminuição da taxa de falhas e complicações, além de hipoteticamente reduzir custos na perspectiva da fonte pagadora, no caso o SUS

Metabolic acidosis in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: A longitudinal quantitative study

Objective: To describe the composition of metabolic acidosis in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock at intensive care unit admission and throughout the first 5 days of intensive care unit stay. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: Twelve-bed intensive care unit. Patients: Sixty patients with either severe sepsis or septic shock. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Data were collected until 5 days after intensive care unit admission. We studied the contribution of inorganic ion difference, lactate, albumin, phosphate, and strong ion gap to metabolic acidosis. At admission, standard base excess was -6.69 +/- 4.19 mEq/L in survivors vs. -11.63 +/- 4.87 mEq/L in nonsurvivors (p < .05); inorganic ion difference (mainly resulting from hyperchloremia) was responsible for a decrease in standard base excess by 5.64 +/- 4.96 mEq/L in survivors vs. 8.94 +/- 7.06 mEq/L in nonsurvivors (p < .05); strong ion gap was responsible for a decrease in standard base excess by 4.07 +/- 3.57 mEq/L in survivors vs. 4.92 +/- 5.55 mEq/L in nonsurvivors with a nonsignificant probability value; and lactate was responsible for a decrease in standard base excess to 1.34 +/- 2.07 mEq/L in survivors vs. 1.61 +/- 2.25 mEq/L in nonsurvivors with a nonsignificant probability value. Albumin had an important alkalinizing effect in both groups; phosphate had a minimal acid-base effect. Acidosis in survivors was corrected during the study period as a result of a decrease in lactate and strong ion gap levels, whereas nonsurvivors did not correct their metabolic acidosis. In addition to Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation 11 score and serum creatinine level, inorganic ion difference acidosis magnitude at intensive care unit admission was independently associated with a worse outcome. Conclusions: Patients with severe sepsis and septic shock exhibit a complex metabolic acidosis at intensive care unit admission, caused predominantly by hyperchloremic acidosis, which was more pronounced in nonsurvivors. Acidosis resolution in survivors was attributable to a decrease in strong ion gap and lactate levels. (Crit Care Med 2009; 37:2733-2739)ICU of Hospital Universitario of the University of Sao Paulo (USP) in Brazi

SPSS data bank

The de-identified data presented here has been used for the analyses reported in the manuscript "NIGHTTIME INTENSIVE CARE UNIT DISCHARGE AND OUTCOMES: A PROPENSITY MATCHED RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY", including baseline characteristics of study participants and the main clinical outcomes before propensity score matching

Data from: Nighttime intensive care unit discharge and outcomes: a propensity matched retrospective cohort study

Background: Nighttime ICU discharge, i.e., discharge from the ICU during the night hours, has been associated with increased readmission rates, hospital length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. We sought to determine the frequency of nighttime ICU discharge and identify whether nighttime ICU discharge is associated with worse outcomes in a private adult ICU located in Brazil. Methods: Post hoc analysis of a cohort study addressing the effect of ICU readmissions on outcomes. This retrospective, single center, propensity matched cohort study was conducted in a medical-surgical ICU located in a private tertiary care hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Based on time of transfer, patients were categorized into nighttime (7:00 pm to 6:59 am) and daytime (7:00 am to 6:59 pm) ICU discharge and were propensity-score matched at a 1:2 ratio. The primary outcome of interest was in–hospital mortality. Results: Among 4,313 eligible patients admitted to the ICU between June 2013 and May 2015, 1,934 patients were matched at 1:2 ratio [649 (33.6%) nighttime and 1,285 (66.4%) daytime discharged patients]. The median (IQR) cohort age was 66 (51-79) years and SAPS III score was 43 (33-55). In-hospital mortality was 6.5% (42/649) in nighttime compared to 5.6% (72/1,285) in daytime discharged patients (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.73; p=0.444). While frequency of ICU readmission (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.29; p=0.741) and length of hospital stay did not differ between the groups, length of ICU stay was lower in nighttime compared to daytime ICU discharged patients [1 (1-3) days vs. 2 (1-3) days, respectively, p=0.047]. Conclusion: In this propensity-matched retrospective cohort study, time of ICU discharge did not affect in-hospital mortality

TELE-critical Care verSus usual Care on ICU PErformance (TELESCOPE): Protocol for a cluster-randomised clinical trial on adult general ICUs in Brazil

Introduction Daily multidisciplinary rounds (DMRs) consist of systematic patient-centred discussions aiming to establish joint therapeutic goals for the next 24 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) care. The aim of the present study protocol is to evaluate whether an intervention consisting of guided DMRs, supported by a remote specialist and audit/feedback on care performance will reduce ICU length of stay compared with a control group. Methods and analysis A multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised superiority trial including 30 ICUs in Brazil (15 intervention and 15 control), from August 2019 to June 2021. In a parallel assignment, ICUs are randomised to a complex-intervention composed by daily rounds carried out through Tele-ICU by a remote ICU physician; development of local quality indicators dashboards coupled with monthly meetings with local leadership; and dissemination of evidence-based clinical protocols versus usual care. Primary outcome is ICU length of stay. Secondary outcomes include classification of the unit according to the profiles defined by the standardised resource use and the standardised mortality rate, hospital mortality, incidence of healthcare-associated infections, ventilator-free days at 28 days, patient-days receiving oral or enteral feeding, patient-days under light sedation or alert and calm, rate of patients under normoxaemia. All adult patients admitted after the beginning of the study in each participant ICU will be enrolled. Inclusion criteria (clusters): public Brazilian ICUs with a minimum of 8 ICU beds interested/committed to participating in the study. Exclusion criteria (clusters): units with fully established DMRs by an intensivist, specialised or step-down units. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of the coordinator centre, and by IRBs of each enrolled hospital/ICU. Statistical analysis protocol is being prepared for submission before the end of patient's enrolment. Results will be disseminated through conferences, peer-reviewed journals and to each participating unit. Trial registration number NCT03920501; Pre-results

TELE-critical Care verSus usual Care On ICU PErformance (TELESCOPE): protocol for a cluster-randomised clinical trial on adult general ICUs in Brazil

Introduction Daily multidisciplinary rounds (DMRs) consist of systematic patient-centred discussions aiming to establish joint therapeutic goals for the next 24 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) care. The aim of the present study protocol is to evaluate whether an intervention consisting of guided DMRs, supported by a remote specialist and audit/feedback on care performance will reduce ICU length of stay compared with a control group.Methods and analysis A multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised superiority trial including 30 ICUs in Brazil (15 intervention and 15 control), from August 2019 to June 2021. In a parallel assignment, ICUs are randomised to a complex-intervention composed by daily rounds carried out through Tele-ICU by a remote ICU physician; development of local quality indicators dashboards coupled with monthly meetings with local leadership; and dissemination of evidence-based clinical protocols versus usual care. Primary outcome is ICU length of stay. Secondary outcomes include classification of the unit according to the profiles defined by the standardised resource use and the standardised mortality rate, hospital mortality, incidence of healthcare-associated infections, ventilator-free days at 28 days, patient-days receiving oral or enteral feeding, patient-days under light sedation or alert and calm, rate of patients under normoxaemia. All adult patients admitted after the beginning of the study in each participant ICU will be enrolled. Inclusion criteria (clusters): public Brazilian ICUs with a minimum of 8 ICU beds interested/committed to participating in the study. Exclusion criteria (clusters): units with fully established DMRs by an intensivist, specialised or step-down units.Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of the coordinator centre, and by IRBs of each enrolled hospital/ICU. Statistical analysis protocol is being prepared for submission before the end of patient’s enrolment. Results will be disseminated through conferences, peer-reviewed journals and to each participating unit.Trial registration number NCT03920501; Pre-results