History in every establishment : landscape architects’ approach to historical places and establishments

Alla platser och anläggningar har en historia. Inom landskapsarkitektyrket finns det flera sätt att förhålla sig till landskapsarkitekturhistoria. Men hur ser landskapsarkitektens förhållningssätt ut i praktiken? Hur närmar sig en landskapsarkitekt en historisk plats eller anläggning och hur ser ar- betsprocessen ut? Vi har i följande undersökning valt att se på en historisk plats eller anläggning som en plats där någon from av historia har bevarats. Föregångare som Per Friberg, Walter Bauer, Maria Flinck och Sven-Ingvar Andersson är bara några som arbetat mycket med historiska platser och anläggningar och har egna sätt att ta sig an restaurering, rekonstruering och konservering. Undersökningen iden- tifierar arbets- och förhållningssätt hos intervjuade landskapsarkitekter gällande att ta sig an ett hi- storiskt projekt. Dessa intervjuade landskapsarkitekter valdes aktiv på grund av tidigare erfarenheter av att arbeta med historiska platser och anläggningar. Vissa av de intervjuade landskapsarkitekterna har mer vana än andra, men de är alla överens om att det behövs mer landskapsarkitekturhistoria inom landskapsarkitekturutbildningen. Undersökningen diskuterar även hur en landskapsarkitekt hanterar avsaknad av dokument såsom fotografier, ritningar och växtlistor när det kommer till arbetet med en historisk plats eller anlägg- ning. Får vi som landskapsarkitekter lov att förhålla oss fritt till den plats eller anläggning vi arbetar med, och förmedla vår egen kreativitet och sätta vår prägel på platsen, eller bör vi eftersträva att återskapa det som varit? Föregångare inom landskasarkitektyrket och de intervjuade landskapsarki- tekterna har alla olika åsikter kring detta. Några menar att återskapa en historisk plats eller anlägg- ning är att göra den rättvisa medan andra poängterar att platser och anläggningar behöver anpassas efter dagens behov. Florens-deklarationen firar i år 41 år och är en deklaration som många landskapsarkitekter som arbetar med restaurering, rekonstruering och konservering av historiska platser och anläggningar utgår ifrån eller använder som stöd i sitt arbete. På grund av sin relativt höga ålder används den dock mindre och mindre och vi undersöker om den behöver uppdateras eller förnyas för att få upp intresset för landskapsarkitekturhistoria.All places and establishments have a history. There are many ways to approach the history of land- scape architecture within the landscape architecture profession. But how does the approach of the landscape architect look in practice? How does a landscape architect approach a historical place or establishment and what does the working procedure look like? We have in the following study chosen to view a historical place or establishment as a place where some form of history has been preserved. Predecessors such as Per Friberg, Walter Bauer, Maria Flinck and Sven-Ingvar Andersson are just a few who have worked a lot with historical places and establishments and have their own ways of undertaking restoration, reconstruction and preser- vation. The study identifies the work procedures and the approach of interviewed landscape archi- tects regarding their way of undertaking a historical project. These interviewed landscape architects were actively chosen due to their previous experiences of working with historical places and estab- lishments. Some of the interviewed landscape architects have more practice than others, but they all agree that there needs to be more history of landscape architecture within the landscape architect education. The study also discusses how the landscape architects handle the absence of documents such as photographs, plans and plant lists, when it comes to working with a historical place or establishment. Do we, as landscape architects get to approach the place or establishment we work with freely, and convey our creativity and put our mark on the place, or should we aspire to recreate what has been? Predecessors within the landscape architect profession and the interviewed landscape architects all have different views regarding this. Some mean that recreating a historical place or establishment is to do it justice while others point out that places and establishments must be adapted to the needs of today. This year the Florence-declaration celebrates 41 years and is a declaration which many landscape architects working with restoration, reconstruction and preservation of historical places and estab- lishments proceed from or use as support in their work. It is used less and less due to its relative high age, and we examine if it needs to be updated or renewed to increase the interest of the history of landscape architecture

Dental health care for children with Down syndrome:Parents’ description of their children's needs in dental health care settings

A visit to the dental clinic may be challenging for a child with Down syndrome due to medical and oral health problems as well as communication problems. The aim of the present study was to explore how parents of children with Down syndrome describe their child's needs in the dental health care setting. In a survey concerning parental experiences with dental health care in Sweden, free comments were analysed with content analysis and resulted in five categories: “Need for continuity of care in dental health care”; “Need for dental health care professionals to have knowledge and expertise in caring for children with Down syndrome and other disabilities”; “Need for dental health care professionals to use a caring approach with children with Down syndrome”; “Need for the child with Down syndrome to be prepared to participate in their dental health care visit” and “Need for the child with Down syndrome to be given the same rights as typically developing children”. To support children with Down syndrome in an optimal way, dental health care needs to be tailored to meet the child's unique needs. In addition, dental health care professionals need knowledge of and expertise in the care of children with Down syndrome

Parents’ perceptions of oral health, general health and dental health care for children with Down syndrome in Sweden

Aim To describe parental perceptions of general health, oral health and received dental health care in Swedish children with Down syndrome (DS). Methods Online questionnaire, quantitative data analysis (Chi-square test). Results Parents of 101 children with DS (52 boys, 49 girls, mean age: 9.6 years) participated. Seventy percent rated their child's general health and 74% their child's oral health as good or very good. Parents, who rated their child's oral health as poor (8%), also reported that dental procedures were difficult. Children received dental care at general (55%) and specialist clinics (53%). Ninety-four percent of parents of children receiving specialist dental health care were satisfied compared to 70% of parents with children in general clinics. The parents most valued characteristics of dental professionals were patience (63%) and their ability to engage the child (68%). Parents wanted multidisciplinary collaboration. Conclusion Most parents rated their child's general and oral health as good or very good. Children with poor oral health were also reported to have difficulties coping with dental procedures. Parents wanted dental care to be tailored to meet their child's unique needs. They wanted dental professionals to have knowledge about children with a need for special care. Lastly, they requested multidisciplinary collaboration

Children with Disabilities at Risk of Poor Oral Health in the Republic of Lithuania: A Retrospective Descriptive Service Evaluation

This retrospective service evaluation considers the oral health of children with disabilities in postSoviet Lithuania. It identifies that they have extensive dental decay and that the predominant course of dental treatment for children with disabilities is tooth extraction under general anesthetic. There is little in the way of specialist service provision, preventative care, or oral health promotion for this group. This study adds to the literature by identifying and emphasizing the impact on oral health of the sweeping economic and political changes, the move toward deinstitutionalization, and new economic trends such as a market economy. In particular, the lack of social welfare support, high levels of child poverty, poor educational outcomes, and the privatization of the oral health-care system has served to increase oral health inequity for marginalized groups. The outcome is an increase in oral health inequalities for children with disabilities and an urgent need for policy and reform

Management of oral secretions in neurological disease.

Sialorrhoea is a common and problematic symptom that arises from a range of neurological conditions associated with bulbar or facial muscle dysfunction. Drooling can significantly affect quality of life due to both physical complications such as oral chapping, and psychological complications such as embarrassment and social isolation. Thicker, tenacious oral and pharyngeal secretions may result from the drying management approach to sialorrhoea. The management of sialorrhoea in neurological diseases depends on the underlying pathology and severity of symptoms. Interventions include anticholinergic drugs, salivary gland-targeted radiotherapy, salivary gland botulinum toxin and surgical approaches. The management of thick secretions involves mainly conservative measures such as pineapple juice as a lytic agent, cough assist, saline nebulisers and suctioning or mucolytic drugs like carbocisteine. Despite a current lack of evidence and variable practice, management of sialorrhoea should form a part of the multidisciplinary approach needed for long-term neurological conditions

Molecular pathway-based classification of ectodermal dysplasias: first five-yearly update

To keep pace with the rapid advancements in molecular genetics and rare diseases research, we have updated the list of ectodermal dysplasias based on the latest classification approach that was adopted in 2017 by an international panel of experts. For this purpose, we searched the databases PubMed and OMIM for the term “ectodermal dysplasia”, referring mainly to changes in the last 5 years. We also tried to obtain information about those diseases on which the last scientific report appeared more than 15 years ago by contacting the authors of the most recent publication. A group of experts, composed of researchers who attended the 8th International Conference on Ectodermal Dysplasias and additional members of the previous classification panel, reviewed the proposed amendments and agreed on a final table listing all 49 currently known ectodermal dysplasias for which the molecular genetic basis has been clarified, including 15 new entities. A newly reported ectodermal dysplasia, linked to the gene LRP6, is described here in more detail. These ectodermal dysplasias, in the strict sense, should be distinguished from syndromes with features of ectodermal dysplasia that are related to genes extraneous to the currently known pathways involved in ectodermal development. The latter group consists of 34 syndromes which had been placed on the previous list of ectodermal dysplasias, but most if not all of them could actually be classified elsewhere. This update should streamline the classification of ectodermal dysplasias, provide guidance to the correct diagnosis of rare disease entities, and facilitate the identification of individuals who could benefit from novel treatment options

The Impact of Oral Health on Taste Ability in Acutely Hospitalized Elderly

Objective: To investigate to what extent various oral health variables are associated with taste ability in acutely hospitalized elderly. Background: Impaired taste may contribute to weight loss in elderly. Many frail elderly have poor oral health characterized by caries, poor oral hygiene, and dry mouth. However, the possible influence of such factors on taste ability in acutely hospitalized elderly has not been investigated. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional. A total of 174 (55 men) acutely hospitalized elderly, coming from their own homes and with adequate cognitive function, were included. Dental status, decayed teeth, oral bacteria, oral hygiene, dry mouth and tongue changes were recorded. Growth of oral bacteria was assessed with CRTH Bacteria Kit. Taste ability was evaluated with 16 taste strips impregnated with sweet, sour, salty and bitter taste solutions in 4 concentrations each. Correct identification was given score 1, and maximum total taste score was 16. Results: Mean age was 84 yrs. (range 70–103 yrs.). Total taste score was significantly and markedly reduced in patients with decayed teeth, poor oral hygiene, high growth of oral bacteria and dry mouth. Sweet and salty taste were particularly impaired in patients with dry mouth. Sour taste was impaired in patients with high growth of oral bacteria. Conclusion: This study shows that taste ability was reduced in acutely hospitalized elderly with caries activity, high growt