A neuro-fuzzy approach for stator resistance estimation of induction motor = pendekatan neuro-fuzzy untuk meramal rintangan stator pada motor induksi

During the operation of induction motor, stator resistance changes incessantly with the temperature of the working machine. This situation may cause an error in rotor resistance estimation of the same magnitude and will produce an error between the actual and estimated motor torque which can leads to motor breakdown in worst cases. Therefore, this project will propose an approach to estimate the changes of induction motor stator resistance using neuro-fuzzy. Then, it will be compared with conventional method like P1 estimator to see the effectiveness. The behaviour of the induction machine will be analyzed when the stator resistance is changed. Based on the changes, a corrective procedure will be applied to ensure the stabilities of the induction motor. Generally, this project can be divided into three main parts which are design of induction motor, design of neuro-fuzzy and PT estimator, and corrective procedure for the induction machine. The Newcastle Drives Simulation Library will be used to design the induction motor model and MATLAB SIMULINK will be used to design the stator current observer. The neuro-fuzzy estimator will be designed based on Sugeno Method Fuzzy Inference System

An Enhanced Partial Transmit Sequence Based on Combining Hadamard Matrix and Partitioning Schemes in OFDM Systems

The partial transmit sequence (PTS) considered as one of the efficient approaches to restrain the high peak to average-power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frameworks. PTS relied on partitioning the input data block and rotate them with a set of the phase vectors. In this study, a novel technique is suggested to improve the PAPR reduction performance in the PTS technique by combining Hadamard matrix and the popular kinds of the partitioning schemes interleaving scheme (IL-PTS), adjacent scheme (Ad-PTS), and pseudo-random scheme (PR-PTS). The new approach employed Hadamard matrix to change some of the subcarrier phases of the partitioning scheme in the frequency-domain. The simulation results demonstrated that the new method improved the PAPR diminishment performance better than that of the PR-PTS and Ad-PTS. However, the proposed method achieved the same PAPR performance compared with the IL-PTS scheme

A New Subblock Segmentation Scheme in Partial Transmit Sequence for Reducing PAPR Value in OFDM Systems

Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is considered an efficient algorithm to alleviate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The PTS technique is depended on the partitioning the input data sequence into the several subblocks, and then weighting these subblocks with a group of the phase factors. There are three common types of partitioning schemes: interleaving scheme (IL-PTS), adjacent scheme (Ad-PTS), and pseudo-random scheme (PR-PTS). The three conventional partitioning schemes have various performances of the PAPR value and the computational complexity pattern which are considered the main problems of the OFDM system. In this paper, the three ordinary partition schemes are analyzed and discussed depending on the capability of reducing the PAPR value and the computational complexity. Furthermore, new partitioning scheme is introduced in order to improve the PAPR reduction performance. The simulation results indicated that the PR-PTS scheme could achieve the superiority in PAPR mitigation compared with the rest of the schemes at the expense of increasing the computational complexity. Furthermore, the new segmentation scheme improved the PAPR reduction performance better than that the Ad-PTS and IL-PTS schemes

Zero-Padding techniques in OFDM systems

Although the OFDM system has been gaining importance in recent years, the high peak to average power ratio is considered the main limitation of the system. The oversampling operation in the frequency-domain plays an essential role in the PAPR calculations precisely. The main purpose of the paper to draw attention to zero-padding methods which are used to oversampled baseband OFDM signals. Moreover, to study the influence of the zero-padding methods on the accuracy of the PAPR calculations, and the spectral spreading of the OFDM signals. Simulation results show that the zero-padding method which inserts the zeros at the center of the baseband OFDM signal is better than the other zero-padding methods in terms of both accuracy PAPR calculations and spectral distributio

A Framework For Monitoring And Modelling Of Btex In Various Development Statuses In Penang, Malaysia.

The development and urbanization process in Malaysia are believed to contribute to the deterioration of air quality. The rapid growth of the Malaysian economy lead to the increase of motor vehicles ownership, in 2006, there 6.91 million registered cars running on the roads in Malaysia. Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) form an important group of aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), emitted mainly from cars, where BTEX is a known carcinogenic

Mergers and Acquisitions in Islamic Banking Sector: An Empirical Analysis on Size Effect, Market Structure, and Operational

The corporate expansion approach is mergers and acquisitions. The paper aims to analyze the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the Islamic banking sector's operational performance. This study uses empirical research methodologies, such as panel data regression, to examine samples of 10 Islamic banks involved in M&A from 6 countries, gathered from the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, FicthConnect, and Bloomberg from 2004Q1 to 2020Q4. Accounting-based measurements are used to quantify operational success, whereas the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the concentration ratio are used to signify market structure. To estimate M&A results, Stata package 14.2 is used (5 years pre and 5 years post). According to the findings, M&A improve the operational performance of Islamic banks. In addition, small-sized banks outperform large and medium-sized banks, market structure (LHHI) degrades M&A performance. Therefore, the paper suggests that Islamic banks should be involved in M&A deals and remove the constraints of size

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

New approach for developing soft computational prediction models for moment and rotation of boltless steel connections

This study aims to minimize the expensive experimental testing of unique boltless steel connections using the prediction power of several computational techniques. Thirty-two tests were conducted on boltless steel connections using double-cantilever test method and their results were compared with developed models using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. Linear Genetic Programming (LGP), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were applied to predict the moment-rotation (M-θ) behavior of boltless steel connections. The predictive performance of the models was assessed by comparing the values of co-efficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE). The LGP model well predicted the M-θ behavior as compared to the other models. The robustness of the LGP model was further proved by performing different statistical tests