Knowledge exploration: selected works on Quran ontology development

This paper presents key features and challenges ahead for the development and knowledge retrieval of Quran ontology. Recent studies have made significant advances towards the development of Quran ontology. In the recent past, there have been numerous studies conducted on the application of semantic technologies on Quran. Contribution of this paper is its focus on finding the direction of knowledge exploration in Quran. Several studies on Quran ontology development help us in analyzing its linguistic features. Another dimension where Quran excels is the Knowledge of it. There are few studies that concentrate on retrieval of knowledge from Quran. In this literature review, we have included studies that can help us in developing semantic application for knowledge exploration from Quran. This paper devises challenges mainly focusing towards exploration of knowledge in the Quran and summaries research in this area, discuss key features and open research issues

Adaptive spatial mode of space-time and spacefrequency OFDM system over fading channels

In this paper we present a 2 transmit 1 receive (1 Tx : 1 Rx) adaptive spatial mode (ASM) of space-time (ST) and space-frequency (SF) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). At low signal to noise ratio (SNR) we employ ST-OFDM and switch to SF-OFDM at a certain SNR threshold. We determine this threshold from the intersection of individual performance curves. Results show a gain of 9 dB (at a bit error rate of 10-3) is achieved by employing adaptive spatial mode compared to a fixed ST-OFDM, almost 6 dB to fixed SF-OFDM, 4 dB to Coded ST-OFDM and 2 dB to a fixed coded SF-OFDM, at a delay spread of 700 ns

Evaluating the Impact of Transmission Range on the Performance of VANET

Recently, interest in the field of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) has grown among research community to improve traffic safety and efficiency on the roads. Despite the many advantages, the transmission range in vehicular network remains one of the major challenges due to the unique characteristics of VANETs such as various communication environments, highly dynamic topology, high node mobility and traffic density. The network would suffer from a broadcast-storm in high vehicular density when a fixed transmission range in VANET is used, while in sparse vehicular density the network could be disconnected frequently. In this paper, we evaluated the impact of different transmission ranges and number of flows formed between vehicles in a highway scenario using AODV as routing protocol. In order to validate the simulation of VANET, traffic and network simulators (SUMO & NS-2) have been used. The performance was evaluated in terms of packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. The simulation results have shown that better performance was achieved in term of higher PDR and lower end-to-end delay for less than 500 meters transmission range. On the contrary, the PDR started to decrease and end-to-end delay increased when the transmission range exceeded 500 meters. The performance degraded as the number of flows increased

Distributed Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks with Adaptive Detection Threshold

This paper proposes a cooperative sensing algorithm based on distributedfusion strategy and maintained probability of false alarm for cognitive radio. It furtherintroduces a reporting strategy that discusses how cooperative sensing in distributedmanner can select among possible candidates in order to reduce bandwidthrequirement. We adopted a dynamic distributed architecture for cooperative sensingbased on the link quality and found condition on the channel quality for cooperation tobe beneficial. Using probability of detection, and BER metrics we evaluated theperformance improvement of distributed cooperation over direct cooperation and noncooperativesensing. We used analytical formulation with possible candidate selectioncriteria to investigate and maximize the cooperation gain. By employing suchdistribution and selection technique, the reporting error due to the fading channel isreduced. Results show that the method effectively improve performance of sensing, itincrease the probability of detection up to 0.9 at <0.1 probability of false alarm.Sensitivity requirement is reduced with network scale and the number of nodesparticipate in decision fusion is reduced about 42% at probability of false alarm 0.1.ROC curve has obvious improvement compared with existing methods

Activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin of pancreas and small intestinal contents in the red jungle fowl and broiler breed

The digestive enzyme activities of the pancreas and small intestinal segments were examined in two breeds of chickens that differ in growth rate over the period of 1 day (1-d) to 4-months (120-d) of age. The total body weight (BW) of the red jungle fowl (RJF) increased slowly during the experiment, in contrast to the commercial broiler chicken (CBC) which showed markedly increase (P < 0.05) over the same experiment. The pancreas weight (g/100 g BW) was greater (P < 0.05) in the RJF during the experiment, with the exception of 1-day old group. There was significantly higher (P < 0.05) pancreatic enzyme activity (unit/g) and (unit/100 g) BW for the CBC, particularly at 10-days. However, there were no differences between the breeds at (20 to 56 days) for amylase and (120 days) for chymotrypsin. The enzyme activity (unit/g) for all intestinal segments increased with age. The CBC attained a maximal value on 10 days for jejunal and ileal trypsin, and duodenal, jejunal and ileal chymotrypsin. Activities (unit/100 g BW) showed decrease with age for both breeds. The CBC had a relatively greater value (P < 0.05) at 1 day, except for the jejunal trypsin and the chymotrypsin. Thereafter, the relative activities were higher for the RJF until the end of the experiment. Although significant differences in the digestive enzyme activities were obtained between the two breeds, these differences were generally associated with differences in body weight. The effects of selection affected the development rate of the synthesis of these enzymes according to the body requirements and biological function and this may affect the digestion and finally the growth rate.Keywords: Pancreatic enzyme, small intestine, amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsi

Morphological study of pancreatic duct in red jungle fowl

Morphological and histochemical study of the pancreas and pancreatic ducts of ten adult red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) were carried out by means of light microscopy. The bulk of the pancreas consists of a dorsal, ventral, third and small splenic lobe. Three pancreatic ducts were recognized as they join the proximal end of the ascending duodenum. The exocrine units were composed of main pancreatic tissues, while the endocrine units were observed frequently in the third and splenic lobes. A single layer of pyramidal cells with acidophilic zymogen granules and small centro-acinar cells were formed in the exocrine acinus. The intercalated duct was lined by flattened epithelium which changed to cuboidal in the intralobular duct, while the interlobular and main pancreatic ducts were lined by simple columnar epithelium. Three types of cells were detected within the surface epithelium: principal, light and basal cells. These cells possess short luminal projections with a fuzzy surface coat. Apical neutral and sulfomucin reaction indicated involvement of these epithelial with secretion. Neither goblet cells nor ductal glands were found in the pancreatic ducts. Secretion of both neutral and sulfated materials by the epithelial lining the pancreatic ducts, suggesting that they are acting not only to facilitate thetransport of the pancreatic juice, but also as a protective barrier to protect the gland from autodigestion.Key words: Red jungle, morphological study, pancreatic duct, histochemical, mucin

A Comprehensive Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11p based MAC for Vehicular Communications Under Non-saturated Conditions

Reliable and efficient data broadcasting is essential in vehicular networks to provide safety-critical and commercial service messages on the road. There is still no comprehensive analysis of IEEE 802.11p based MAC that portrays the presence of buffer memory in vehicular networks. Besides, most of the analytical works do not fulfill some of the IEEE 802.11p specifications, such as short retry limit and back-off timer freezing. This paper proposes a 1-D and 2-D Markov model to analyze mathematically IEEE 802.11p based MAC for safety and non-safety messages respectively. The work presented in this paper takes into account the traffic arrival along with the first-order buffer memory and freezing of the back-off timer as well, to utilize the channel efficiently and provide higher accuracy in estimation of channel access, yielding more precise results of the system throughput for non-safety messages and lower delay for safety messages. Furthermore, back-off stages with a short retry limit were applied for non-safety messages in order to meet the IEEE 802.11p specifications, guaranteeing that no packet is served indefinitely, avoiding the overestimation of system throughput. A simulation was carried out to validate the analytical results of our model

An Accurate Performance Analysis of Hybrid Efficient and Reliable MAC Protocol in VANET under Non-saturated Conditions

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a technology supporting two types of applications, safety and service applications with higher and lower priorities respectively. Thereby, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is designed to provide reliable and efficient data broadcasting based on prioritization. Different from the IEEE 1609.4 (legacy), HER-MAC protocol is a new multi-channel MAC proposed for VANETs, offering remarkable performance with regards to safety applications transmission. This paper focuses on the analysis of packet delivery ratio of the HER-MAC protocol under non-saturated conditions. 1-D and 2-D Markov chains have been developed for safety and non-safety applications respectively, to evaluate mathematically the performance of HER-MAC protocol. The presented work has taken into account the freezing of the backoff timer for both applications and the backoff stages along with short retry limit for non-safety applications in order to meet the IEEE 802.11p specifications. It highlights that taking these elements into consideration are important in modeling the system, to provide an accurate estimation of the channel access, and guarantees that no packet is served indefinitely. More precise results of the system packet delivery ratio have been yield. The probability of successful transmission and collisions were derived and used to compute the packet delivery ratio. The simulation results validate the analytical results of our models and indicate that the performance of our models outperformed the existing models in terms of the packet delivery ratio under different number of vehicles and contention window

Clarification of factors that affect the flux performance of hollow fiber membranes during ultrafiltration using design of experiments

In this paper, the separation of humic substances from oily wastewater was investigated using Hollow Fiber membranes. Consideration was given to the increse of membrane permeability or flux of the Ultrafiltration process. Specifically, several factors which were temperature, pressure, time, pH and surface area of membrane, were studied. The Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology was used to investigate the effect of the factors. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was determined that the pH and temperature of feed solution, time of separation process and transmembrane pressure are significant. The results of this study help to increase the permeability of membranes, thus contributing to a more sustainable filtration system

Modeling of preparation conditions of PES ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes using statistical regression techniques

Mathematical modeling of the spinning process is crucial for a better understanding of the process variables and process functionality in membrane development. Due to the broad use and key importance of mathematical models in chemical process engineering, experimental design is becoming essential for the rapid development and validation of these empirical models. This work used the design of experiment methodology and aimed to predict the performance of ultrafiltration systems for water treatment by considering the statistical regression technique as an important approach for modeling flux. The utilization of regression modeling was also explored to show the principle elements for predicting flux in the spinning process. In order to investigate how proficient the statistical regression technique is at approximating the predicted value for flux, a real spinning experiment was conducted in this study. In this experiment, 30 samples of data were collected based on a half fractional factorial experiment with design resolution V, as well as 4 replications of center points and 10 axial points. The spinning factors that were investigated are the dope extrusion rate, air gap length, coagulation bath temperature, bore fluid ratio, and post-treatment time for predicting the corresponding flux. The regression model obtained shows that there is a correlation between the experimental data and predicted values. The results of the proposed model can be used to give a good prediction of the spinning process during membrane fabrication