Logic Programming approaches for routing fault-free and maximally-parallel Wavelength Routed Optical Networks on Chip (Application paper)

One promising trend in digital system integration consists of boosting on-chip communication performance by means of silicon photonics, thus materializing the so-called Optical Networks-on-Chip (ONoCs). Among them, wavelength routing can be used to route a signal to destination by univocally associating a routing path to the wavelength of the optical carrier. Such wavelengths should be chosen so to minimize interferences among optical channels and to avoid routing faults. As a result, physical parameter selection of such networks requires the solution of complex constrained optimization problems. In previous work, published in the proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, we proposed and solved the problem of computing the maximum parallelism obtainable in the communication between any two endpoints while avoiding misrouting of optical signals. The underlying technology, only quickly mentioned in that paper, is Answer Set Programming (ASP). In this work, we detail the ASP approach we used to solve such problem. Another important design issue is to select the wavelengths of optical carriers such that they are spread across the available spectrum, in order to reduce the likelihood that, due to imperfections in the manufacturing process, unintended routing faults arise. We show how to address such problem in Constraint Logic Programming on Finite Domains (CLP(FD)). This paper is under consideration for possible publication on Theory and Practice of Logic Programming.Comment: Paper presented at the 33nd International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2017), Melbourne, Australia, August 28 to September 1, 2017. 16 pages, LaTeX, 5 figure

Optimal Placement of Valves in a Water Distribution Network with CLP(FD)

This paper presents a new application of logic programming to a real-life problem in hydraulic engineering. The work is developed as a collaboration of computer scientists and hydraulic engineers, and applies Constraint Logic Programming to solve a hard combinatorial problem. This application deals with one aspect of the design of a water distribution network, i.e., the valve isolation system design. We take the formulation of the problem by Giustolisi and Savic (2008) and show how, thanks to constraint propagation, we can get better solutions than the best solution known in the literature for the Apulian distribution network. We believe that the area of the so-called hydroinformatics can benefit from the techniques developed in Constraint Logic Programming and possibly from other areas of logic programming, such as Answer Set Programming.Comment: Best paper award at the 27th International Conference on Logic Programming - ICLP 2011; Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, (ICLP'11) Special Issue, volume 11, issue 4-5, 201

ANÁLISE DO GRAU DE SATISFAÇÃO DE UM GRUPO DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS ACERCA DO CURSO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO

Esse texto apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa realizada com alunos do curso de administração de um Centro Universitário localizado na zona sul da Cidade de São Paulo. Os dados, obtidos por meio de um instrumento tipo escala de likert, foram tratados estatisticamente pela técnica multivariada conhecida como análise de cluster cujo objetivo foi agrupar os participantes segundo suas características, formando grupos ou conglomerados homogêneos. Existem vários métodos para tratar os dados pela análise de cluster, mas nessa pesquisa, o que mostrou boa separação entre os clusters foi o método Ward, portanto foi o escolhido. A partir do dendrograma, pudemos visualizar três clusters distintos sendo que o primeiro é formado por 22 sujeitos, o segundo por 59 e o terceiro por 28 participantes. Os resultados mostram que o cluster 1 que é formado por alunos tanto do primeiro quanto do sétimo semestre discordam de quase todas as assertivas enquanto que 2, com predominância de alunos primeiro semestre, tende a concordar e o 3 formado por alunos mais calouros e mais jovens demonstraram um maior grau de concordância em relação ao ambiente físico da instituição, aos serviços oferecidos, às técnicas de ensino e às habilidades desenvolvidas pelo curso

A grammatical, phonological and lexical comparison between the Waikurúan, Matacoan and Bororoan families: a case of areal diffusion?

This paper aims at a comparison of the Waikurúan, Bororoan and Matacoan language families on the basis of (i) the comparison of the relational morpheme in Waikurúan and Bororo; (ii) the comparison of the use of glottal air flow mechanisms when implementing voiceless plosives in Kadiwéu (Waikurúan) and Bororo (Bororoan); and (iii) the comparison of 350 items in Waikurúan and Matacoan and 138 items in Waikurúan and Bororoan. The evidence suggests that these families have been in intense contact, but a genetic relationship between them seems to be at least uncertain

Strategies and economics of farming systems with coffee in the Atlantic Rainforest Biome

In the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, family farmers are adjusting to agroecological principles to reconcile sustainable agriculture, livelihood improvements and biodiversity conservation. Starting in 1993, experimentation with coffee agroforestry was gradually initiated on an increasing number of farms (37 in total), resulting in the simultaneous management of sun coffee (SC) and agroforestry coffee (AF) plots. We aimed (1) to identify factors that determine the farmers’ selection of trees used in AF; (2) to describe the agroecological farms in transition; and (3) to perform an economic comparison between AF and SC. These objectives were addressed by combining data from botanical surveys in 1993/1994 and 2007, by interviews with farmers and by detailed data on the production value and costs of labour and material inputs. The results showed considerable diversity in farming strategies and management among the farmers. Early adopters of AF had diversified towards production of different marketable products. The use of native trees in AF for this purpose, and for restoration of soil fertility (e.g., leguminous trees), had increased since the start of the experiments, while exotic tree species were eliminated. Over a period of 12 years AF was more profitable than SC due to the production of a diversity of agricultural goods, despite somewhat higher establishment costs. Other ecosystem services delivered by AF, such as biodiversity and cultural services are currently not valorized. Payment schemes for environmental services could further improve the economic benefits of AF for family farmers and alleviate establishment and learning cost

Writing in the practices of teaching

A produção escolar da escrita é objeto de investigação de grande prestígio em vários dos domínios do campo da linguagem e da educação. Considerada sob perspectivas teóricas e tradições disciplinares diversas, grande parte da reflexão acadêmica sobre a escrita, no Brasil, ocupou-se dos processos de aprendizagem da escrita por alunos de faixas etárias, graus de letramento e níveis de escolarização diversos, em contextos socioculturais e institucionais particulares. Em direção distinta, embora complementar a essa reflexão, este estudo tem seu foco voltado para os modos com que a escrita se constitui no trabalho docente, por meio do qual se transforma em objeto ensinado (Dolz; Ronveaux; Schneuwly, 2007). Para tanto, toma como corpus episódios de ensino da escrita, gravados em áudio e vídeo, gerados em contextos institucionais e socioculturais diferentes, avaliando o modo com que se configura a relação entre os objetos de ensino, os gestos profissionais e os instrumentos didáticos no ensino da escrita (Aeby Daghé; Dolz, 2007; Gomes-Santos; Almeida, 2009; Schneuwly, 2000; 2001). Do ponto de vista teórico e metodológico, as questões do estudo são iluminadas pela contribuição tanto de pesquisas que se voltam para a descrição dos modos de organização e funcionamento da linguagem nas interações escolares como daquelas que tomam a dimensão especificamente didática dessas interações como foco de interesse. A investigação da escrita nas formas do trabalho docente tem permitido incrementar a reflexão sobre os dispositivos didáticos necessários à construção de modos protagonistas de acesso a bens simbólicos no seio das práticas de ensino/aprendizagem.The production of writing at school is a highly respected object of study for several of the domains in the field of language and education. Pursued under different theoretical perspectives and disciplinary traditions, most of the academic reflection on the subject writing, in Brazil, has been concerned with the learning processes of writing by pupils of various age groups, levels of literacy, and schooling within specific sociocultural and institutional contexts. Along a different, but complementary, direction, the present study focuses on the ways in which writing is constituted in the teaching practice, and through which is becomes a taught object (Dolz; Ronveaux; Schneuwly, 2007). To such end, the article is based on a corpus comprised of audio and video recordings of episodes of the teaching of writing produced in different institutional and sociocultural contexts. The way in which the relation is established between the objects of teaching, the professional gestures, and the didactic devices is analyzed (Aeby Daghé; Dolz, 2007; Gomes-Santos; Almeida, 2009; Schneuwly, 2000; 2001). From a theoretical and methodological viewpoint, the questions of the study are illuminated by the contribution of researches on the description of the modes of organization and functioning of language in school interactions, and by studies that center on the specifically didactic dimension of those interactions. The investigation of writing in the practices of teaching has enriched the reflection about the didactic devices needed at the heart of the teaching/learning practices in order to develop active ways to facilitate the access to symbolic goods

ESPORTE E LAZER NA CIDADE DE SÃO LUÍS-MA Elementos para a construção de uma política pública

Esporte e Lazer na Cidade de São Luís do Maranhão: elementos para construção de uma política pública / Silvana Martins de Araújo, Raimundo Nonato Assunção Viana. _ São Luís: EDUFMA, 2008; _p.120 ISBN: 1. Esporte - Politicas públicas - São Luís - MA 2. Lazer - Políticas Públicas São Luís - MA I. Titulo CRD 796 CDU 796:304.4(812.1) Organizadores: Silvana Martins de Araújo Raimundo Nonato Assunção Viana Capa: Erilson Gomes Diagramação: Erilson Gomes Impressão: Estação GráficaOs direitos sociais, consagrados em diversas normas legais, são imprescindíveis à dignidade humana, pois promovem o bem-estar e desenvolvem habilidades do indivíduo e da coletividade. Entre esses direitos encontram-se aqueles relativos ao esporte e ao lazer. Esta compreensão supõe uma visão da indivisibilidade dos direitos sociais que, por sua vez, assenta-se na integridade dos sujeitos, sua complexidade e suas potencialidades sociais que atingem, através do esporte e do lazer, espaços propícios ao seu desenvolvimento, constituindo- se em espaços de ação educativa, onde são afirmados e vivenciados valores positivos para o indivíduo e para a vida em sociedade.Rede CEDE

Crystal structure of an Fe-S cluster-containing fumarate hydratase enzyme from

Fumarate hydratases (FHs) are essential metabolic enzymes grouped into two classes. Here, we present the crystal structure of a class I FH, the cytosolic FH from Leishmania major, which reveals a previously undiscovered protein fold that coordinates a catalytically essential [4Fe-4S] cluster. Our 2.05 Å resolution data further reveal a dimeric architecture for this FH that resembles a heart, with each lobe comprised of two domains that are arranged around the active site. Besides the active site, where the substrate S-malate is bound bidentate to the unique iron of the [4Fe-4S] cluster, other binding pockets are found near the dimeric enzyme interface, some of which are occupied by malonate, shown here to be a weak inhibitor of this enzyme. Taken together, these data provide a framework both for investigations of the class I FH catalytic mechanism and for drug design aimed at fighting neglected tropical diseases