A Study on Nursing Articles on Literature-Based Education in Both the US and UK

Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to provide a chronological analysis of the use of literature in nursing education journals in both the US and UK. The second aim is to clarify the main goals of using literature in nursing education. This study has the potential to provide a helpful reference to EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers who are contemplating introducing literature to the classroom. Methods: An online electronic search of the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) database was conducted to identify articles related to the use of literature in nursing education. The collected articles were then sorted into three tables as follows : articles in the first table were arranged in chronological order by publication date, name of the primary researcher, article title, journal title, and title of the main literary works ; articles in the second table were arranged in chronological order based on the main goals of literature use ; and articles in the third table were arranged in descending order based on the frequency of articles that shared identical main goals. Results: Our findings are as follows : 1) Literature was introduced into nursing education in the 1960s ; 2) An overwhelmingly large number of articles have been published in the US on the use of literature in nursing education ; 3) The main literary works that were actually used, or that researchers believed could be used, were able to be categorized into five groups related to literary form and four groups related to literary theme ; and 4) The main traits that researchers believed could be reinforced by the use of literature included "self-growth," "critical thinking," "compassion," "empathy," "insight," "cultural competence," and "sensitivity." Conclusions: This study clearly reveals both historical changes and recent trends in the use of literature in nursing education in both the US and UK. This type of study should play an important role in promoting the introduction of literature into the EFL classroom for Japanese nursing students.目的:本研究が日本の看護教育において文学を教材としたEFL(English as a Foreign Language)の授業への有益な指針となるように,英米における文学を教材とする看護教育に関する文献を時系列に分析し,研究者が文学によって高められると考えた目標を明確にする.方法:CINAHL(Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature)からliterature, nursing, educationをキーワードとして得られた41件の文献を時系列に分析した.結果:1)看護教育における文学導入は,1960年代からである.2)圧倒的に合衆国における研究が多い.3)実際に扱われた,および可能とされた作品は形式別では5グループ,テーマ別では4グループに分類される.4)研究者が文学によって高められると考えた目標は主に,self-growth, critical thinking, understanding of patients, compassion, insight, cultural competence, empathy, ethical knowledge, sensitivity, vicarious experiencesなどである.結論:本研究により,英米における文学を教材とする看護教育についての歴史的変遷や傾向が明確になった.今後,日本の看護学生を対象としたEFLの授業へ文学を導入するための有益な指針としての役割を果たすことが期待される.原

In vivo efficacy of sitafloxacin in a new murine model of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia by sterile intratracheal tube.

A novel murine model of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) pneumonia was established. A plastic tube was inserted into the trachea 7 days before bacterial inoculation. Numbers of NTHi recovered from the lungs and trachea were determined for 7 days. Histologically, bronchioles and adjacent alveoli in the intubation group were filled with numerous inflammatory cells. The efficacy of sitafloxacin was compared with ciprofloxacin using the new murine pneumonia model. The data suggest that sitafloxacin displays equivalent efficacy to ciprofloxacin against H. influenzae pneumonia. This new murine NTHi pneumonia model appears useful not only for in vivo evaluation of antibiotics but also for analysis of the pathogenesis of H. influenzae pneumonia

A retrospective comparative study of recombinant human thrombomodulin and gabexate mesilate in sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation patients

The novel biological agent recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) has been used clinically in Japan to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) since 2008. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of rhTM versus heparin therapy or non-rhTM therapy. We retrospectively evaluated and compared the efficacies of rhTM and gabexate mesilate (GM) in patients diagnosed with sepsis-induced DIC. From September 2010 to October 2012, patients with sepsis-induced DIC who were treated with rhTM (n = 13) or GM (n = 10) at Nagasaki Municipal Hospital were extracted. Patients receiving other anticoagulants in combination were excluded. Clinical information, laboratory data, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and DIC scores were obtained from the medical records. Mortality at days 7 and 30 after DIC diagnosis and changes in laboratory data and SOFA scores from days 1-7 were evaluated. The groups\u27 clinical characteristics did not differ, except for the relatively higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the rhTM group (P = 0.0508). The survival rates of the rhTM and GM groups on days 7 and 30 were 92.3%, 69.2% and 80%, 70%, respectively, both group indicated similar mortality. However, on day 7, the platelet counts, SOFA scores, and CRP levels significantly improved in the rhTM group; the platelet counts and SOFA scores did not improve significantly in the GM group. The platelet counts of the rhTM group significantly improved compared to the GM group (P = 0.004). Recombinant human thrombomodulin might be more effective for sepsis-induced DIC than GM

Secondary formation of oxalic acid and related organic species from biogenic sources in a larch forest at the northern slope of Mt. Fuji

To better understand the formation of water-soluble organic aerosols in the forest atmosphere, we measured low molecular weight (LMW) dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, alpha-dicarbonyls, unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in aerosols from a Larix kaempferi forest located at the northern slope of Mt. Fuji, Japan, in summer 2012. Concentrations of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, alpha-dicarbonyls, and WSOC showed maxima in daytime. Relative abundance of oxalic acid in LMW dicarboxylic acids was on average 52% and its average concentration was 214 ng m(-3). We found that diurnal and temporal variations of oxalic acid are different from those of isoprene and alpha-pinene, whereas biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOAs) derived from isoprene and alpha-pinene showed similar variations with oxalic acid. The mass concentration ratios of oxalic acid/BSOAs were relatively constant, although a large variation in the concentrations of toluene that is an anthropogenic volatile organic compound was observed. These results suggest that formation of oxalic acid is associated with the oxidation of isoprene and alpha-pinene with O-3 and other oxidants in the forest atmosphere. In addition, concentrations of UFAs were observed, for the first time, to decrease dramatically during daytime in the forest. Mass concentration ratios of azelaic acid to UFAs showed a positive correlation with O-3, suggesting that UFAs are oxidized to yield azelaic acid, which may be further decomposed to oxalic acid in the forest atmosphere. We found that contributions of oxalic acid to WSOC are significantly high ranging from 3.7 to 9.7% (average 6.0%). This study demonstrates that forest ecosystem is an important source of oxalic acid and other dicarboxylic acids in the atmosphere. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Single-cell observation of phagocytosis by human blood dendritic cells

Time-lapse video microscopic observation is useful for analysis of cell biology, especially in rapid response of immune cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) have multiple functions in the immune system, and DCs in peripheral blood play an especially important role at the front line of infection. We have developed a time-lapse video microscopic method for the evaluation of single myeloid DCs (MDC-1) from human peripheral blood. MDC-1 displayed generalized plasma membrane ruffling and phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The morphological changes of MDC-1 increased following stimulation with P. aeruginosa but not after stimulation with supernatant from a P. aeruginosa culture. The activation of these morphological changes in MDC-1 could be quantitatively analyzed using the time-lapse video microscopy. This novel system may be useful for the evaluation of rapid response with human immune cells against bacterial infection