Desempenho e qualidade da carne de ovinos Santa Inês utilizando resíduo agroindustrial da goiaba (psidium guajava l.) na dieta

The aim of this study was to evaluate performance, ingestive behavior, ruminal and morphometric characteristics of rumen and intestine, as well as carcass characteristics, non-carcass constituents, meat quality and economic viability of Santa Inês lambs fed with increasing levels of guava agroindustrial residue (GAW) in the diet. The treatments used were: 0; 7.5; 15; 22.5 and 30% GAW in the dry matter of the diet. Tifton hay, corn, soybean and mineral salt made up the other ingredients of the feed, but with fixed values. A total of 40 uncastrated male lambs with mean age of 120 days and mean initial weight of 21.33 ± 2.18 kg were distributed in individual stalls, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and eight replicates. The parameter for slaughter of the animals was the body weight of 36 kg. It was observed that GAW treatments showed no difference for the performance variables (P> 0.05), with a daily gain of 328 g / day. However, it presented orthogonal contrast of the control vs. other treatment. Among consumptions, only the consumption of ethereal extract (CEE) presented a positive effect (P 0.001) between treatments. The GAW favored pH neutrality, decreased N-NH3 and Pmic ruminal concentrations, increased propionic acid concentrations, decreased rumen muscle layer thickness, but increased intestinal mucosa, which favored higher nutrient absorption. Of the carcass characteristics, only the carcass compatability index presented a positive effect (P> 0.05). There was an effect (P 0.05) none of the sensorial attributes evaluated. Regardless of the GAW addition in the diets, the sheep meat showed to be soft, with the tenderness being the highest among the attributes, with an average of 5.94. The RAG can be effectively used as a feed ingredient of sheep at levels up to 30% without affecting the efficiency of the animals, since it has good acceptability by the animals and has positive nutritional characteristics for the growth performance of the animals and animal health, in addition to being the best economically feasible and cost effective option among treatments.NenhumaObjetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros de desempenho, comportamento ingestivo, ruminais e morfométricos de rúmen e intestino, além das características de carcaça, constituintes não carcaça, qualidade da carne e viabilidade econômica de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com níveis crescentes de resíduo agroindustrial da goiaba (RAG) na dieta. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 0; 7,5; 15; 22,5 e 30% de RAG na matéria seca da dieta. O feno de tifton, milho, soja e sal mineral compuseram os demais ingredientes da ração, porém com valores fixos. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros, machos não castrados, com idade média de 120 dias e peso médio inicial de 21,33 ± 2,18 kg distribuídos em baias individuais, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e oitos repetições. O parâmetro para abate dos animais foi o peso corporal de 36 kg. Foi observado que os tratamentos com RAG não apresentaram diferença para as variáveis de desempenho (P>0,05), tendo média de ganho diário de 328 g/dia. No entanto, apresentou contraste ortogonal do tratamento controle vs demais. Dentre os consumos, apenas o consumo de extrato etéreo (CEE) apresentou efeito positivo (P0,001) entre os tratamentos. O RAG favoreceu a neutralidade do pH, diminuiu as concentrações de N-NH3 e Pmic ruminal, aumentou as concentrações de ácido propiônico, diminuiu a espessura da camada muscular do rúmen, no entanto aumentou a mucosa intestinal, a qual favoreceu a maior absorção de nutrientes. Das características de carcaça apenas o índice de compacidade da carcaça apresentou efeito positivo (P > 0,05). Houve efeito (P 0,05) nenhum dos atributos sensoriais avaliados. Independente da adição de RAG nas dietas, as carnes dos ovinos se mostraram macias, tendo a textura a maior nota dentre os atributos com média de 5,94. Assim, o resíduo agroindustrial da goiaba (RAG) pode ser usado efetivamente como ingrediente alimentar de ovinos em níveis de até 30% sem afetar a eficiência dos animais, pois apresenta boa aceitabilidade pelos animais e possui características nutricionais positivas para o desempenho de crescimento dos animais e saúde animal, além de se mostrar a melhor opção economicamente viável e rentável entre os tratamentos

Ingestive behavior and efficacy of male sheep housed in different stocking densities

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of housing density on ingestive behavior of male Santa Inês sheep housed individually and in double. Forty non-castrated males were used with an average initial weight of 21.33±2.62 kg and an average age of 120 days. The males were housed in two types of covered stalls: double stalls (two males/stall) of 3.0 m2 and individual stalls of 1.50 m2 . Animals housed in individual stalls spent more time ruminating and less time eating than those in double stalls. These animals also spent more time in idleness. Sheep idled approximately 11.43 hours/day (47% of the time), which can be explained by the shorter time spent in rumination, considering that the diet used in this experiment had adequate nutritional quality. The animals in double stalls consumed more water, which resulted in increased urination. However, this activity did not interfere with total weight gain. Therefore, experiments testing stall density does not interfere with the performance of the animal

Ruminal and morphometric parameters of rumen and intestine in lambs fed guava (Psidium guajava L.) agroindustrial waste

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of guava agroindustrial waste (GAW) on ruminal parameters (pH, N-NH3 , and microbial protein), volatile fatty acid (VFA), and morphometry of the rumen and intestine of sheep. A total of forty Santa Inês sheep (120 days old and 21.3±2.62 kg) were used. The animals were fed diets with 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30% inclusion of GAW. The pH, ammonia nitrogen, microbial protein, and VFA were evaluated in the ruminal fluid, alongside the morphometric characteristics of the rumen and intestine. The inclusion of GAW linearly increased fasting and postprandial pH, N-NH3 only showed a quadratic effect for fasting animal, whereas MP presented a quadratic effect for pre- and post-prandial animals. There was a quadratic effect for papilla width, with a maximum value of 393.33 μm at the level of 34.43% GAW in the diet. The papilla absorption area showed a linear effect, in which increasing levels of GAW in the diet had a smaller area of papillae absorption. The inclusion of GAW in the diet of Santa Inês sheep favored pH neutrality, reduced N-NH3 and ruminal MP concentrations, decreased the thickness of the rumen muscular layer, and increased the intestinal mucosa, favoring greater absorption of nutrient

Prevalence and distribution of serotype-specific genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in chronic periodontitis Brazilian subjects

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:53:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Objective: Previous studies have suggested that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is involved in the aetiology of aggressive periodontitis as well as chronic periodontitis. In addition, some authors have also reported that serotype-specific antigens of A. actinomycetemcomitans determine the severity of disease. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in Brazilian subjects with chronic periodontitis. Design: A total of 486 individuals were enrolled in this survey. All patients received clinical examinations that included periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque, and gingival indexes. Subgingival samples were taken for microbial analysis. The genomic DNA of A. actinomycetemcomitans was provided by PCR. Results: Out of 486 subjects examined, A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated in 85 (17.5%) individuals. Out of 85 positive samples, 68 were infected by at least 1 serotype, 7 by mixed infection, and 10 were non-serotyped. Serotypes d and f were not detected. Serotype c showed the highest prevalence (52.9%), followed by serotype a (31.8%). Conclusions: Intragroup analysis revealed that, in slight/moderate periodontitis, serotypes c and a were significantly more prevalent than serotypes b and d-f; the prevalence of serotype c in severe periodontitis was significantly greater than that of serotypes a and b. Our data were similar in Asian and Eurasian populations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Goncalves Roman-Torres, Caio Vinicius; Aquino, Davi Romeiro; Cortelli, Sheila Cavalca; Nobre Franco, Gilson Cesar; dos Santos, Juliana Guimaraes; Holzhausen, Marinella; Cortelli, Jose Roberto] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dept Periodontol & Prevent Dent, Dent Res Div, BR-12020330 Taubate, SP, Brazil[Corraini, Priscila] Univ Sao Paulo, Div Periodont, Dept Stomatol, Sch Dent, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil[Diniz, Marina Goncalves; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Mol Biol, Sch Dent, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazi

NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES: A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES: A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES: A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data