Comparison of the canine and human olfactory receptor gene repertoires

BACKGROUND: Olfactory receptors (ORs), the first dedicated molecules with which odorants physically interact to arouse an olfactory sensation, constitute the largest gene family in vertebrates, including around 900 genes in human and 1,500 in the mouse. Whereas dogs, like many other mammals, have a much keener olfactory potential than humans, only 21 canine OR genes have been described to date. RESULTS: In this study, 817 novel canine OR sequences were identified, and 640 have been characterized. Of the 661 characterized OR sequences, representing half of the canine repertoire, 18% are predicted to be pseudogenes, compared with 63% in human and 20% in mouse. Phylogenetic analysis of 403 canine OR sequences identified 51 families, and radiation-hybrid mapping of 562 showed that they are distributed on 24 dog chromosomes, in 37 distinct regions. Most of these regions constitute clusters of 2 to 124 closely linked genes. The two largest clusters (124 and 109 OR genes) are located on canine chromosomes 18 and 21. They are orthologous to human clusters located on human chromosomes 11q11-q13 and HSA11p15, containing 174 and 115 ORs respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a strongly conserved genomic distribution of OR genes between dog and human, suggesting that OR genes evolved from a common mammalian ancestral repertoire by successive duplications. In addition, the dog repertoire appears to have expanded relative to that of humans, leading to the emergence of specific canine OR genes

Inferring biological networks with output kernel trees

International audienc

DNA methylation signature (SAM40) identifies subgroups of the Luminal A breast cancer samples with distinct survival

Breast cancer patients with Luminal A disease generally have a good prognosis, but among this patient group are patients with good prognosis that are currently overtreated with adjuvant chemotherapy, and also patients that have a bad prognosis and should be given more aggressive treatment. There is no available method for subclassification of this patient group. Here we present a DNA methylation signature (SAM40) that segregates Luminal A patients based on prognosis, and identify one good prognosis group and one bad prognosis group. The prognostic impact of SAM40 was validated in four independent patient cohorts. Being able to subdivide the Luminal A patients may give the two-sided benefit of identifying one subgroup that may benefit from a more aggressive treatment than what is given today, and importantly, identifying a subgroup that may benefit from less treatment.Peer reviewe

Individual and combined effects of DNA methylation and copy number alterations on miRNA expression in breast tumors

Peer reviewe

Méthodologie d'extraction et d'analyse de réseaux de régulation de gènes : analyse de la réponse transcriptionnelle à l'irradiation chez S. cerevisiæ

The cellular response to the DNA damage provoked by irradiation (IR) is relatively well studied, however, many observations show the involvement of the expression of many genes. We propose to identify the different potential patterns of the transcriptional response to IR and to reconstruct a gene regulatory network involved in its control. The first point of this work lies in the exploitation of the gene expression dynamics in conditions of genetic perturbations. The second point lies in the integration of systemic biological informations. We define an approach composed of one step of automated logical deduction of regulations from a strategy of perturbations and two induction steps that allow the analysis of the gene expression dynamics and the extraction of potential regulation from additional data. This approach allowed to identify, for the yeast, a complex response to IR and allowed to propose a regulation model which some relations have been experimentally validated.La réponse cellulaire aux dommages de l'ADN provoqués par l'irradiation (IR) est relativement bien étudiée mais de nombreuses observations montrent l'implication de l'expression de nombreux gènes. Nous souhaitons identifier les différentes formes de la réponse transcriptionnelle à l'IR et reconstruire un réseau de régulation génique impliqué dans son contrôle. La problématique réside dans l'exploitation de dynamiques d'expression de gènes dans des conditions de perturbations génétiques et dans l'intégration d'informations biologiques systémiques. Nous définissons une approche constituée d'une étape automatisée de déduction de régulations à partir de perturbations et de deux étapes d'induction qui permettent d'analyser la dynamique d'expression des gènes et d'extraire des régulations des données additionnelles. Cela nous a permis d'identifier, chez la levure, une réponse complexe à l'IR et de proposer un modèle de régulation dont certaines relations ont été validées expérimentalement

Methodology for the extraction and the analysis of gene regulation networks : analysis of the transcriptional response to irradiation in S. cerevisiæ

La réponse cellulaire aux dommages de l'ADN provoqués par l'irradiation (IR) est relativement bien étudiée mais de nombreuses observations montrent l'implication de l'expression de nombreux gènes. Nous souhaitons identifier les différentes formes de la réponse transcriptionnelle à l'IR et reconstruire un réseau de régulation génique impliqué dans son contrôle. La problématique réside dans l'exploitation de dynamiques d'expression de gènes dans des conditions de perturbations génétiques et dans l'intégration d'informations biologiques systémiques. Nous définissons une approche constituée d'une étape automatisée de déduction de régulations à partir de perturbations et de deux étapes d'induction qui permettent d'analyser la dynamique d'expression des gènes et d'extraire des régulations des données additionnelles. Cela nous a permis d'identifier, chez la levure, une réponse complexe à l'IR et de proposer un modèle de régulation dont certaines relations ont été validées expérimentalement.The cellular response to the DNA damage provoked by irradiation (IR) is relatively well studied, however, many observations show the involvement of the expression of many genes. We propose to identify the different potential patterns of the transcriptional response to IR and to reconstruct a gene regulatory network involved in its control. The first point of this work lies in the exploitation of the gene expression dynamics in conditions of genetic perturbations. The second point lies in the integration of systemic biological informations. We define an approach composed of one step of automated logical deduction of regulations from a strategy of perturbations and two induction steps that allow the analysis of the gene expression dynamics and the extraction of potential regulation from additional data. This approach allowed to identify, for the yeast, a complex response to IR and allowed to propose a regulation model which some relations have been experimentally validated

Complete pipeline for Infinium ® Human Methylation 450K BeadChip data processing using subset quantile normalization for accurate DNA methylation estimation

International audienc

Completion of biological networks: the output

kernel trees approac

Méthodologie d'extraction et d'analyse de réseaux de régulation de gènes (analyse de la réponse transcriptionnelle à l'irradiation chez S. cerevisiæ)

La réponse cellulaire aux dommages de l'ADN provoqués par l'irradiation (IR) est relativement bien étudiée mais de nombreuses observations montrent l'implication de l'expression de nombreux gènes. Nous souhaitons identifier les différentes formes de la réponse transcriptionnelle à l'IR et reconstruire un réseau de régulation génique impliqué dans son contrôle. La problématique réside dans l'exploitation de dynamiques d'expression de gènes dans des conditions de perturbations génétiques et dans l'intégration d'informations biologiques systémiques. Nous définissons une approche constituée d'une étape automatisée de déduction de régulations à partir de perturbations et de deux étapes d'induction qui permettent d'analyser la dynamique d'expression des gènes et d'extraire des régulations des données additionnelles. Cela nous a permis d'identifier, chez la levure, une réponse complexe à l'IR et de proposer un modèle de régulation dont certaines relations ont été validées expérimentalement.The cellular response to the DNA damage provoked by irradiation (IR) is relatively well studied, however, many observations show the involvement of the expression of many genes. We propose to identify the different potential patterns of the transcriptional response to IR and to reconstruct a gene regulatory network involved in its control. The first point of this work lies in the exploitation of the gene expression dynamics in conditions of genetic perturbations. The second point lies in the integration of systemic biological informations. We define an approach composed of one step of automated logical deduction of regulations from a strategy of perturbations and two induction steps that allow the analysis of the gene expression dynamics and the extraction of potential regulation from additional data. This approach allowed to identify, for the yeast, a complex response to IR and allowed to propose a regulation model which some relations have been experimentally validated.EVRY-Bib. électronique (912289901) / SudocSudocFranceF