Vrak och skeppsbrott

Vrak och skeppsbrott Innehållsförteckning – Inledaren: Idioti som kan föra skärgården på grund av Pia Prost och Nina Söderlund – Vrak i Finland Anna Moa Westerlund-Rönnberg – Vrak som hobby av Risto Sajaniemi – På dykresa i Skärgårdshavet av Pia Prost och Erik Saanila – Alfred – det kungliga vraket av Johnny Strömborg och Erik Saanila – Skeppsbrott och vrakplundring på medeltida Östersjön av Mikko Huhtamies – Vrak i åländska vatten av Marcus Lindholm – Champagnegaleasen av Kristin Ilves – Vrakturism inom projektet BALTACAR av Pernilla Flyg – Vrakpark vid Gråhara i Finska vikens stora grav av Thure Malmberg – Tsaren på grund av Anders Moliis-Mellberg – I Östersjöns stenigaste farvatten av Iris Sjöberg – Vraken ger platserna själ av Carola Sundqvist – Stolta minnen och förälskade sjömän av Cecilia Lundberg – Bomans på Tornskär av Pia Prost – Gustavsvärns historia av Thure Malmberg – Människan och havet av Anna Törnroos-Remes & Nina Tynkkynen – Vinden Drar – 34 år med nordiska allmogebåtar av Bosse Mellberg – Världsarvsporten har öppnats av Pia Prost – Skärinytt – Sista bilden av Julia Ajank

The Importance of Brain Banks for Molecular Neuropathological Research: The New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre Experience

New developments in molecular neuropathology have evoked increased demands for postmortem human brain tissue. The New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre (TRC) at The University of Sydney has grown from a small tissue collection into one of the leading international brain banking facilities, which operates with best practice and quality control protocols. The focus of this tissue collection is on schizophrenia and allied disorders, alcohol use disorders and controls. This review highlights changes in TRC operational procedures dictated by modern neuroscience, and provides examples of applications of modern molecular techniques to study the neuropathogenesis of many different brain disorders

Age-related changes in odor discrimination

Odor naming and recognition memory are poorer in children than in adults. This study explored whether such differences might result from poorer discriminative ability. Experiment 1 used an oddity test of discrimination with familiar odors on 6-year-olds, 11-year-olds, and adults. Six-year-olds were significantly poorer at discrimination relative to 11-year-olds and adults, who did not differ. Experiment 2 used the same procedure but with hard-to-name visual stimuli and compared only 6-year-olds with adults (as with the remaining experiments in this study). There was no difference in performance between these groups. Experiment 3 used the same procedure as Experiment 1 but with less familiar odors. Six-year-olds were significantly poorer at discrimination than adults. In Experiment 4 the researchers controlled for verbal labeling by using an articulatory suppression task, with the same basic procedure as in Experiment 1. Six-year-old performance was the same as for Experiment 1 and significantly poorer than that of adults. Impoverished olfactory discrimination may underpin performance deficits previously observed in children. These all may result from their lesser experience with odors, relative to adults.8 page(s

Age-related changes in discrimination of unfamiliar odors

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Can odours acquire fat-like properties?

Odours can acquire taste-like properties via simultaneous pairing in the mouth with tastants like sucrose. The experiment reported here sought to test whether qualities other than taste may also be acquired. Participants received pairings between odour A and low-fat unsweetened milk (LFUN), odour B and low-fat sweetened milk (LFSW), odour C and high-fat unsweetened milk (HFUN) and odour D and high-fat sweetened milk (HFSW). On test, participants reported that odours paired with milks perceived as being fattier (i.e. LFSW, HFUN, HFSW) were judged to smell fattier than they did prior to conditioning. In a further test, participants were asked to sample each of the four odours in a slightly fatty-sweet milk target. Odours previously paired with high-fat milks enhanced perceived fattiness of the target, whilst odours previously paired with sweetened milks enhanced perceived sweetness. These results were not well accounted for by participants’ explicit knowledge of the odour-milk pairings and suggest that fat-like qualities may be acquired.9 page(s

Validation-based model selection for C-13 metabolic flux analysis with uncertain measurement errors

Accurate measurements of metabolic fluxes in living cells are central to metabolism research and metabolic engineering. The gold standard method is model-based metabolic flux analysis (MFA), where fluxes are estimated indirectly from mass isotopomer data with the use of a mathematical model of the metabolic network. A critical step in MFA is model selection: choosing what compartments, metabolites, and reactions to include in the metabolic network model. Model selection is often done informally during the modelling process, based on the same data that is used for model fitting (estimation data). This can lead to either overly complex models (overfitting) or too simple ones (underfitting), in both cases resulting in poor flux estimates. Here, we propose a method for model selection based on independent validation data. We demonstrate in simulation studies that this method consistently chooses the correct model in a way that is independent on errors in measurement uncertainty. This independence is beneficial, since estimating the true magnitude of these errors can be difficult. In contrast, commonly used model selection methods based on the chi(2)-test choose different model structures depending on the believed measurement uncertainty; this can lead to errors in flux estimates, especially when the magnitude of the error is substantially off. We present a new approach for quantification of prediction uncertainty of mass isotopomer distributions in other labelling experiments, to check for problems with too much or too little novelty in the validation data. Finally, in an isotope tracing study on human mammary epithelial cells, the validation-based model selection method identified pyruvate carboxylase as a key model component. Our results argue that validation-based model selection should be an integral part of MFA model development.Funding Agencies|Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [FFL12-0220, IMT17-0245]; Swedish Research Council [2018-05418, 2018-03319]; Karolinska Institutet; CENIIT [15.09]; SciLifeLab National COVID-19 Research Program - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2020.0182]; H2020 project PRECISE4Q grant [777107]; VINNOVA grants VisualSweden [2020-04711]; Swedish Fund for Research without Animal Experiments [F2019-0010]; ELLIIT [2020A12]</p

Kohti kestävää ruokapakkaamista. Suosituksia päättäjille

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Physical barriers and environmental gradients cause spatial and temporal genetic differentiation of an extensive algal bloom

Aim: To test if a phytoplankton bloom is panmictic, or whether geographical and environmental factors cause spatial and temporal genetic structure. Location: Baltic Sea. Method: During four cruises, we isolated clonal strains of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi from 9 to 10 stations along a 1132 km transect and analysed the genetic structure using eight microsatellites. Using F-statistics and Bayesian clustering analysis we determined if samples were significantly differentiated. A seascape approach was applied to examine correlations between gene flow and oceanographic connectivity, and combined partial Mantel test and RDA based variation partitioning to investigate associations with environmental gradients. Results: The bloom was initiated during the second half of March in the southern and the northern- parts of the transect, and later propagated offshore. By mid-April the bloom declined in the south, whereas high phytoplankton biomass was recorded northward. We found two significantly differentiated populations along the transect. Genotypes were significantly isolated by distance and by the south-north salinity gradient, which illustrated that the effects of distance and environment were confounded. The gene flow among the sampled stations was significantly correlated with oceanographic connectivity. The depletion of silica during the progression of the bloom was related to a temporal population genetic shift. Main conclusions: A phytoplankton bloom may propagate as a continuous cascade and yet be genetically structured over both spatial and temporal scales. The Baltic Sea spring bloom displayed strong spatial structure driven by oceanographic connectivity and geographical distance, which was enhanced by the pronounced salinity gradient. Temporal transition of conditions important for growth may induce genetic shifts and different phenotypic strategies, which serve to maintain the bloom over longer periods