Uticaj Mg(II), Ca (II) i Cu(II) jona na formiranje i karakteristike proizvoda produžene autooksidacije odabranih fenolnih jedinjenja u baznim vodenim rastvorima

The goal of this doctoral dissertation is to determine the influence of the Mg(II), Ca(II) and Cu(II) ions on the formation and characteristics of products resulting from prolonged autoxidation of selected phenolic compounds: catechol, 4-methylcatechol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, protocatechuic acid, and gallic acid. These specific phenolic compounds have been chosen because of their presence in both biological systems and the environment. Furthermore, the ubiquitous presence of aforementioned biometal ions in these environments enables their interaction. Autoxidation reactions were carried out in alkaline aqueous solutions of the particular phenolic compound both in the absence and in the presence of individual metal ion. Following of the reaction flow using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and comparing yields of the obtained products gave insight into the influence of each of the metal ions used on the rate and efficiency of the autoxidation process of these diverse phenolic compounds. Obtained products are characterized using ATR-FTIR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and ESR spectroscopy. These techniques allowed the determination of molar masses, degree of polymerization, and paramagnetic properties of the products, as well as the presence of specific functional groups. Data acquired during the autoxidation process along with characteristics of obtained products point to this method being a valid and economically more viable alternative to production of phenolic polymers using enzymes. This data also gives insight in the possible applications of the obtained products

Electro-machanical cochlea model and response analysis

Pravilan rad svih čula omogućava čoveku normalno funkcionisanje u sredini koja ga okružuje. Oštećenje ili gubitak čula sluha otežava svakodnevni život, smanjuje mogućnosti za rad i društveni život i može dovesti osobu u stanje depresije. Gubitak sluha može biti posledica različitih uzroka, oštećenja različitih delova uva ili auditornih nerava. Poboljšanje sluha je najčešće moguće ostvariti primenom slušnih aparata i slušnih implanata. U zavisnosti od stepena i vrste oštećenja predlaže se odgovarajući implant – pasivni ili aktivni, kohlearni ili implant srednjeg uva, implant koji radi na principu provođenja zvuka kroz vazduh ili zvuka kroz temporalnu kost. Iako doprinose poboljšanju sluha svi implanti se ugrađuju operativnim putem što nosi dozu rizika. O čulu sluha se zna dosta i opet nedovoljno. O uvu, kao organu čula sluha, se zna dosta o njegovoj strukturi i funkciji. Kohlea, koja čini deo unutrašnjeg uva, ima složenu strukturu i dosta procesa se odvija unutar nje. Problem sa izučavanjem kohlee se ogleda u tome što je teško prikupiti eksperimentalne podatke. Kohlea je smeštena duboko u lobanji, gotovo nepristupačna i velika je verovatnoća da će doći do oštećenja prilikom merenja na živom pacijentu. Na taj način eksperimentalni pristup je veoma ograničen. S druge strane, kohlea brzo gubi svoja svojstva po nastupanju smrti, tako da nije moguć u velikoj meri ni rad na mrtvim kohleama. Zbog toga kompjutersko modeliranje kohlee i analiza odziva imaju veliku ulogu u ovoj oblasti istraživanja. Cilj ove teze je razvoj mehaničkih i elektro-mehaničkih modela kohlee koji opisuju normalno funkcionisanje kohlee i omogućavaju analizu odziva – posmatranje promene odziva sa promenom izvesnih parametara. Dovođenje u vezu uzroka oštećenja sa njegovom posledicom, odnosno promenom odgovarajućeg parametra koji utiče na oštećenje sluha, omogućava primenu modela u praksi. Modeliranje kohlee ima za cilj i utvrđivanje postojanja određenih signala koji ukazuju na oštećenje i predlog načina merenja. Na ovaj način je ustanovljena kohlearna mikrofonija i pojava otoakustičnih emisija koje se koriste za detektovanje čula sluha kod novorođenih beba. Modeli kohlee mogu da doprinesu i poboljšanju karakteristika slušnih implanata i njihovom boljem pozicioniranju. U ovom radu su predstavljeni mehanički i elektro-mehanički modeli kohlee koji su rešavani metodom konačnih elemenata i kao modeli u prostoru stanja. Prikazani su osnovni odzivi, izvršeno je poređenje sa određenim eksperimentalnim merenjima i rezultatima drugih modela iz literature i data je analiza dobijenih odziva. Dalji rad na razvoju ovih modela mogao bi da vodi do njihove primene u pretkliničkoj praksi, a nastavak istraživanja je usmeren na primenu u oblasti slušnih implanata.Proper work of human senses allows normal functioning in the surrounding environment. Damage or hearing loss makes difficult everyday life, decreases possibilities for work and social life and can bring person to the state of depression. Hearing loss can be consequence of different causes, damage of different part of the ear or auditory nerves. Hearing improvement is usually possible to accomplish by applying hearing aids and hearing implants. In dependence of the level and type of damage certain implant is suggested – passive or active, cochlear or middle ear implant, implant that works on principle of air conduction of sound or bone conduction of sound, through the temporal bone. Although all implants contribute to improving of hearing, they are implanted during the surgery, which carrying a dose of risk. About hearing sense is known a lot of, but yet not enough. About ear, as organ of hearing sense, is known a lot about his structure and function. Cochlea, which makes part of the inner ear, has complex structure and a lot of processes are happening inside her. Problem with cochlear research is that it is hard to collect experimental data. Cochlea is placed deep inside the skull, almost unreachable and there is great possibility that it will be harmed during the experimental measurement on alive human. On that way experimental approach is very limited. On the other side, cochlea quickly loses its properties after death occurs, so it is not possible in larger scale to work with dead cochlea. That is the reason why computer modeling of cochlea and response analysis have great role in this research area. The goal of this thesis is to develop mechanical and electro-mechanical cochlea models which describe proper functioning of the cochlea and allow response analysis – observation of the response change with change of certain parameters. By combining cause of damage with his consequence, namely change of the certain parameter which has influence on hearing damage, model can be applied in practice. Modeling of cochlea has as one of the goal to establish existence of certain signals which pointing on damage and to propose way of signals measurement. On this way were established cochlear microphonic and appearance of otoacoustic emissions which are used for detection of hearing in newborn babies. Cochlea models can contribute in improvement of characteristics of hearing implants and their better positioning. In this work are presented mechanical and electro-mechanical cochlea models which were solved with finite element method and as models in state space representation. Most common responses are shown, comparison with specific experimental measurements and with results from other models from literature are performed and analysis of obtained responses is given. Further work on development of these models could lead to their application in preclinical practice, while future investigations in this area are directed to application in area of hearing implants

Aspergillus parasiticusSpeare –a toxigenic species on maize kernels underproduction conditions in Serbia

In the course of four-year studies (2013-2016), the species Aspergillus parasiticus was identified in Serbia for the first time as a causal agent of aspergillus kernel and ear rot in both fields and storages. In order to examine the distribution and diversity of this species, the study of morphological, pathogenic, molecular and toxigenic properties of 48 isolates of this species selected from maize kernels was carried out. Studies of macroscopic morphological traits of isolates showed that biodiversity of observed isolates was low. Colonies of the isolates formed on PDA the abundant dark green, dense cottony mycelium coating. All isolates of A. parasiticus formed unicellular denticulate conidia on MEA. The diameter of conidia of observed isolates varied from 4.08μm to 6.86μm.Two factorial analysis of variance showed that the effects of interactions of studied isolates, light regime and temperatures (p<0.01) on daily growth of the colony diameters were statistically significant. The pathogenicity test pointed out that all observed isolates of A. parasiticus were pathogens of maize ears, as well as that there was divergence in the virulence expression.The comparison of concentrations of synthesised mycotoxins in isolates obtained by ELISA showed a statistically highly significant positive correlation between potential to produce AFB1 and AFLA in tested isolates (r=0,66 μm).The observed isolates A. parasiticus that synthesised aflatoxins (50%) mostly synthesised AFB1 (84.78%), while the number of isolates that synthesised AFG1 was significantly lower (15.22%). However, it was established that eight isolates synthesised AFG1 at higher concentrations than AFB1. Mycotoxin concentrations in A. parasiticusisolates were compared by using the results obtained by the HPLC method. The comparison indicated that there was a highly statistically positive correlation between synthesised concentrations of AFB1 and AFG1 (r=0.82 μm), as well as between AFB2 and AFG2 (r=0.63 μm).The identity of all isolates previously characterised on the basis of morphological, ecological and toxigenic properties as species A. parasiticus was confirmed by the multiplex PCR detection method. Distinguishing between species A. parasiticus and morphologically similar species A. flavus was enabled by the application of the RFLP-PCR method, using restriction enzymes. This was also the first identification of this pathogenic species at the molecular level in Serbia.U toku četvorogodišnjih ispitivanja (2013-2016) identifikovana je, po prvi put u Srbiji, vrsta Asperigillus parasiticus kao prouzrokovač aspergilozne truleži zrna i klipa kukuruza u polju i skladištima. Sa ciljem da se ispita rasprostranjenost i diverzitet ove vrste obavljena su proučavanja morfoloških, patogenih, molekularnih, odgajivačkih i toksigenih svojstava 46 odabranih izolata ove vrste poreklom sa zrna kukuruza. Ispitivanjem makroskopskih morfoloških karakteristika izolata ukazano je na mali biodiverzitet proučavanih izolata. Kolonije izolata na PDA hranljivoj podlozi formirale su obilnu tamnozelenu, gustu prevlaku od micelije gljive, pamučastog izgleda. Svi izolati A. parasiticus obrazuju jednoćelijske, nazubljene konidije na MEA hranljivoj podlozi. Prečnik konidija ispitivanih izolata varirao je od 4,08μm do 6,86μm. Dvofaktorska analiza varijanse pokazala je statistički značajan uticaj interakcije ispitivanih izolata, svetlosnog režima i temperature (p<0.01) na dnevni porast prečnika kolonija. Test patogenosti ukazao je da su svi ispitivani izolati A. parasiticus patogeni na klipu kukuruza, kao i da postoji divergentnost u ispoljavanju virulentnosti. Poređenjem koncentracija sintetisanih mikotoksina kod izolata dobijenih Elisa testom, pokazali su da postoji statistički visoko značajna pozitivna korelacija između potencijala produkcije AFB1 i AFLA kod ispitivanih izolata (r=0,66 μm). Ispitivani izolati A.parasiticus koji su sintetisali aflatoksine (50%) su u najvećem procentu sintetisali AFB1 (84,78%), dok je procenat izolata koji su sintetisali AFG1 bila znatno manja (15,22%). Međutim, utvrđeno je osam izolata koji su sintetisali AFG1 u višim koncentracijama, u odnosu na AFB1. Poređenjem koncentracija mikotoksina kod izolata A. parasiticus, na osnovu rezultata HPLC metode, uočeno je da postoji visoko statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između sintetisanih koncentracija AFB1 i AFG1 (r=0,82 μm), kao i između AFB2 i AFG2 (r=0,63 μm). Multiplex PCR detekcijom potvrđen je identitet svih izolata prethodno okarakterisanih na osnovu morfoloških, ekoloških, odgajivačkih i toksigenih karakteristika kao vrsta A. parasiticus. Primenom RFLP-PCR metode korišćenjem restrikcionih enzima, omogućeno je razlikovanje vrste A. parasiticus od morfološki slične vrste A. flavus, što je ujedno i prva identifikacija ove patogene vrste na molekularnom nivou u Srbiji.Doktorska disertacija: [http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/770

Aspergillus parasiticusSpeare –a toxigenic species on maize kernels underproduction conditions in Serbia

In the course of four-year studies (2013-2016), the species Aspergillus parasiticus was identified in Serbia for the first time as a causal agent of aspergillus kernel and ear rot in both fields and storages. In order to examine the distribution and diversity of this species, the study of morphological, pathogenic, molecular and toxigenic properties of 48 isolates of this species selected from maize kernels was carried out. Studies of macroscopic morphological traits of isolates showed that biodiversity of observed isolates was low. Colonies of the isolates formed on PDA the abundant dark green, dense cottony mycelium coating. All isolates of A. parasiticus formed unicellular denticulate conidia on MEA. The diameter of conidia of observed isolates varied from 4.08μm to 6.86μm.Two factorial analysis of variance showed that the effects of interactions of studied isolates, light regime and temperatures (p<0.01) on daily growth of the colony diameters were statistically significant. The pathogenicity test pointed out that all observed isolates of A. parasiticus were pathogens of maize ears, as well as that there was divergence in the virulence expression.The comparison of concentrations of synthesised mycotoxins in isolates obtained by ELISA showed a statistically highly significant positive correlation between potential to produce AFB1 and AFLA in tested isolates (r=0,66 μm).The observed isolates A. parasiticus that synthesised aflatoxins (50%) mostly synthesised AFB1 (84.78%), while the number of isolates that synthesised AFG1 was significantly lower (15.22%). However, it was established that eight isolates synthesised AFG1 at higher concentrations than AFB1. Mycotoxin concentrations in A. parasiticusisolates were compared by using the results obtained by the HPLC method. The comparison indicated that there was a highly statistically positive correlation between synthesised concentrations of AFB1 and AFG1 (r=0.82 μm), as well as between AFB2 and AFG2 (r=0.63 μm).The identity of all isolates previously characterised on the basis of morphological, ecological and toxigenic properties as species A. parasiticus was confirmed by the multiplex PCR detection method. Distinguishing between species A. parasiticus and morphologically similar species A. flavus was enabled by the application of the RFLP-PCR method, using restriction enzymes. This was also the first identification of this pathogenic species at the molecular level in Serbia.U toku četvorogodišnjih ispitivanja (2013-2016) identifikovana je, po prvi put u Srbiji, vrsta Asperigillus parasiticus kao prouzrokovač aspergilozne truleži zrna i klipa kukuruza u polju i skladištima. Sa ciljem da se ispita rasprostranjenost i diverzitet ove vrste obavljena su proučavanja morfoloških, patogenih, molekularnih, odgajivačkih i toksigenih svojstava 46 odabranih izolata ove vrste poreklom sa zrna kukuruza. Ispitivanjem makroskopskih morfoloških karakteristika izolata ukazano je na mali biodiverzitet proučavanih izolata. Kolonije izolata na PDA hranljivoj podlozi formirale su obilnu tamnozelenu, gustu prevlaku od micelije gljive, pamučastog izgleda. Svi izolati A. parasiticus obrazuju jednoćelijske, nazubljene konidije na MEA hranljivoj podlozi. Prečnik konidija ispitivanih izolata varirao je od 4,08μm do 6,86μm. Dvofaktorska analiza varijanse pokazala je statistički značajan uticaj interakcije ispitivanih izolata, svetlosnog režima i temperature (p<0.01) na dnevni porast prečnika kolonija. Test patogenosti ukazao je da su svi ispitivani izolati A. parasiticus patogeni na klipu kukuruza, kao i da postoji divergentnost u ispoljavanju virulentnosti. Poređenjem koncentracija sintetisanih mikotoksina kod izolata dobijenih Elisa testom, pokazali su da postoji statistički visoko značajna pozitivna korelacija između potencijala produkcije AFB1 i AFLA kod ispitivanih izolata (r=0,66 μm). Ispitivani izolati A.parasiticus koji su sintetisali aflatoksine (50%) su u najvećem procentu sintetisali AFB1 (84,78%), dok je procenat izolata koji su sintetisali AFG1 bila znatno manja (15,22%). Međutim, utvrđeno je osam izolata koji su sintetisali AFG1 u višim koncentracijama, u odnosu na AFB1. Poređenjem koncentracija mikotoksina kod izolata A. parasiticus, na osnovu rezultata HPLC metode, uočeno je da postoji visoko statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između sintetisanih koncentracija AFB1 i AFG1 (r=0,82 μm), kao i između AFB2 i AFG2 (r=0,63 μm). Multiplex PCR detekcijom potvrđen je identitet svih izolata prethodno okarakterisanih na osnovu morfoloških, ekoloških, odgajivačkih i toksigenih karakteristika kao vrsta A. parasiticus. Primenom RFLP-PCR metode korišćenjem restrikcionih enzima, omogućeno je razlikovanje vrste A. parasiticus od morfološki slične vrste A. flavus, što je ujedno i prva identifikacija ove patogene vrste na molekularnom nivou u Srbiji.Doktorska disertacija: [http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/770

Pomološke osobine perspektivnih sejanaca maline sa žutom bojom ploda

From over a 100 seedlings obtained by open pollination of Meeker's yellow raspberry clone, 10 seedlings with yellow fruit were selected at the Experimental Station 'Radmilovac' of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. Phenological characteristics, as well as physical, chemical and sensorial fruit properties were investigated during the period 2007-2008 in selected seedlings and standard cultivar Meeker. Results showed that all examined seedlings expressed later flowering and maturing time than the standard cultivar. The best results of physical fruit properties had the standard cultivar, whereas for the majority of the chemical fruit characteristics selected seedlings showed much better results. Seedling 5 had the highest soluble solid content (15.3 %), while the highest vitamin C content was recorded in the fruits of seedlings 9 (51.04 mg/100g), 10 (51.92 mg/100g), and 17 (50.16 mg/100g). The highest values of the sensorial fruit quality achieved seedling 17 (18.9).Od preko 100 sejanaca dobijenih slobodnim oprašivanjem žutog klona sorte Miker izdvojeno je 10 sa žutom bojom ploda koji su kolekcionisani na Oglednom dobru 'Radmilovac' Poljoprivrednog Fakulteta, Univerziteta u Beogradu. U periodu 2007- 2008. godina kod izdvojenih sejanaca i standardne sorte Miker, pored fenoloških, ispitivane su fiziČke, hemijske i senzoricke osobine ploda. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su svi ispitivani sejanci kasnije počinjali fenofaze cvetanja i zrenja u odnosu na sortu standard. Najbolje razultate fizičkih osobina ploda ispoljila je sorta standard, dok su prema većini hemijskih osobina izdvojeni sejanci bili daleko bolji od standardne sorte. Sejanac 5 se odlikuje najvišim sadržajem rastvorljive suve materije (15,3 %), a u pogledu sadržaja vitamina C najviše vrednosti su registrovane kod sejanaca 9 (51,04 mg/100g), 10 (51,92 mg/100g) i 17 (50,16 mg/100g). Najvišu senzoricku ocenu kvaliteta ploda imao je sejanac 17 (18,9)

Naseljavanje mlađi školjkaša sa posebnim osvrtom na vrstu Jakobska kapica (Pecten jacobaeus, Linnaeus), i obraštajnih organizama na tri vrste eksperimentalnih kolektora u Bokokotorskom zaljevu

The settlement of molluscs’ larvae of and other biofouling organisms on experimental collectors was studied, with particular reference Great Mediterranean scallop, Pecten jacobaeus. Three types of experimental collector made from vegetable sacks, modelled based on the collectors used in Japan, were placed in four existing fish and shellfish farms located in the Boka Kotorska Bay. The experimental collectors were placed in the periods June–October and June–December 2017 and the period August 2017–February 2018 and monitored after immersion of four to six months, respectively. In total, 18 species of molluscs and also 28 species of biofouling organisms were determined. The most abundant ones found on the collectors were the following shellfish species (68 %) Talohlamys multistriata, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Modiolarca sp., Anomia ephippium and Limaria hians. The most abundant group of biofouling organisms were crustaceans (18 percent) with a species of porcelain crab, Pisidia longicornis, and tunicates (5 percent) with the species Phallusia mammillata and Ascidia mentula. The main target species, Great Mediterranean scallop, was most abundant on collector Type II, with 28 individuals. From three types of experimental collectors used in the process of collecting larvae of shellfish and biofouling species, collector type-I and type-II proved to be a more suitable basis for receiving larvae of shellfish due to the unimpeded flow of sea water that allows their successful growth and development. Species Talochlamys multistriata, were found in great abundance and it could be good candidate to diversify the aquaculture production, thus potentially offering farmers an additional source of income.U radu je prikazana analiza naseljavanja mlađi školjkaša i obraštajnih vrsta na eksperimentalnim kolektorima, sa posebnim osvrtom na vrstu jakobova kapica, Pecten jacobaeus, L. Tri tipa eksperi- mentalnih kolektora napravljenih od vreća za povrće po uzoru na kolektore korištene u Japanu bili su postavljeni na četiri postojeća uzgajališta ribe i školjaka na području Bokokotorskog zaljeva. Eksperimentalni kolektori su postavljeni u periodu od lipnja do listopada i lipnja-prosinca 2017. i u periodu od kolovoza 2017. do veljače 2018. godine, i obrađeni nakon 4 odnosno 6 mjeseci. Na ukupnom broju postavljenih eksperimentalnih kolektora sakupljeno je 18 vrsta školjki i 28 vrsta obraštajnih organizama. Na kolektorima su najzastupljenije bile školjke (68%) sa vrstama: Talohlamys multistriata, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Modiolarca sp., Anomia ephippium i Limaria hians. Od obraštaja najzastupljenija grupa organizama su bili rakovi (18%) sa vrstom račića, Pisidia longicornis i plaštenjaci (5%) sa vrstama Phallusia mammilata i Ascidia mentula. Ciljana vrsta, jakobska kapica, bila je najzastupljenija na kolektoru Tip II, s 28 jedinki. Od tri vrste eksperimentalnoh kolektora korištenih u procesu prikupljanja ličinki školjkaša i obraštajućih vrsta, kolektor tip-I i tip-II pokazao se prikladnijom osnovom za prihvat ličinki školjaka zbog nesmetanog protoka morske vode koji omogućuje njihov uspješan rast i razvoj. Vrste Talochla- mys multistriata, pronađena su u velikom obilju i mogla bi biti dobar kandidat za diverzifikaciju proizvodnje akvakulture, čime bi uzgajivačima potencijalno ponudili dodatni izvor prihoda

Komponente varijabilnosti i heritabilnost pomoloških i hemijskih osobina klonova višnje sorte Montmorensi

In 12 sour cherry clones of cultivar Montmorency 5 pomological (fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, stone weight and fruit stem length) and 4 chemical characteristics (soluble solid content, total acid content, invert sugar content and total sugar content) were investigated. Based on results of analysis of variance for all examined characteristics, variability components, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of heritability in a broader sense were calculated. Considering components of total variability, year represented the component that caused variability of majority examined characteristics in the highest percentage. Coefficients of genetic variation showed that in investigated clones total acid content varied the least (CVg = 1.79%), and the most fruit weight (CVg = 11.41%). The lowest phenotypic varying was determined for fruit length (CVf = 4.01%) but the highest for fruit weight (CVf = 13.86%). Coefficient of heritability was the highest for stone weight (h2 = 70.27%), and the lowest for total acid content (h2 = 7.73%).Kod 12 klonova višnje sorte Montmorensi ispitivano je 5 pomoloških (dužina ploda, širina ploda, masa ploda, masa koštice i dužina peteljke ploda) i 4 hemijske osobine (sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina, sadržaj invertnih šećera i sadržaj ukupnih šećera). Na osnovu rezultata analize varijanse za sve ispitivane osobine izračunate su komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije i koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Od komponenti ukupne varijabilnosti godina je predstavljala komponentu koja je u najvećem procenutu uslovila varijabilnost većine proučavanih osobina. Koeficijenti genetičke varijacije pokazuju da je kod proučavanih klonova najmanje varirao sadržaj ukupnih kiselina (CVg =1,79%), a najviše masa ploda (CVg =11,41%). Najmanje fenotipsko variranje ustanovljeno je za dužinu ploda (CVf =4,01%), a najveće za masu ploda (CVf =13,86%). Koeficijent heritabilnost bilo je najveći za masu koštice (h2 = 70,27%), a najmanji za sadržaj ukupnih kiselina (h2 = 7,73%)

Aspergillus parasiticus Speare – a toxigenic species on maize kernels under production conditions in Serbia

U toku četvorogodišnjih ispitivanja (2013-2016) identifikovana je, po prvi put u Srbiji, vrsta Asperigillus parasiticus kao prouzrokovač aspergilozne truleži zrna i klipa kukuruza u polju i skladištima. Sa ciljem da se ispita rasprostranjenost i diverzitet ove vrste obavljena su proučavanja morfoloških, patogenih, molekularnih, odgajivačkih i toksigenih svojstava 46 odabranih izolata ove vrste poreklom sa zrna kukuruza. Ispitivanjem makroskopskih morfoloških karakteristika izolata ukazano je na mali biodiverzitet proučavanih izolata. Kolonije izolata na PDA hranljivoj podlozi formirale su obilnu tamnozelenu, gustu prevlaku od micelije gljive, pamučastog izgleda. Svi izolati A. parasiticus obrazuju jednoćelijske, nazubljene konidije na MEA hranljivoj podlozi. Prečnik konidija ispitivanih izolata varirao je od 4,08µm do 6,86µm.  Dvofaktorska analiza varijanse pokazala je statistički značajan uticaj interakcije ispitivanih izolata, svetlosnog režima i temperature (p<0.01) na dnevni porast prečnika kolonija. Test patogenosti ukazao je da su svi ispitivani izolati A. parasiticus patogeni na klipu kukuruza, kao i da postoji divergentnost u ispoljavanju virulentnosti. Poređenjem koncentracija sintetisanih mikotoksina kod izolata dobijenih Elisa testom, pokazali su da postoji statistički visoko značajna pozitivna korelacija između potencijala produkcije AFB1 i AFLA kod ispitivanih izolata (r=0,66**). Ispitivani izolati A.parasiticus koji su sintetisali aflatoksine (50%) su u najvećem procentu sintetisali AFB1 (84,78%), dok je procenat izolata koji su sintetisali AFG1 bila znatno manja (15,22%). Međutim, utvrđeno je osam izolata koji su sintetisali AFG1 u višim koncentracijama, u odnosu na AFB1. Poređenjem koncentracija mikotoksina kod izolata A. parasiticus, na osnovu rezultata HPLC metode, uočeno je da postoji visoko statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između sintetisanih koncentracija AFB1 i AFG1 (r=0,82**), kao i između AFB2 i AFG2 (r=0,63**). Multiplex PCR detekcijom potvrđen je identitet svih izolata prethodno okarakterisanih na osnovu morfoloških, ekoloških, odgajivačkih i toksigenih karakteristika kao vrsta A. parasiticus. Primenom RFLP-PCR metode korišćenjem restrikcionih enzima, omogućeno je razlikovanje vrste A. parasiticus od morfološki slične vrste A. flavus, što je ujedno i prva identifikacija ove patogene vrste na molekularnom nivou u Srbiji.In the course of four-year studies (20132016), the species Aspergillus parasiticus was identified in Serbia for the first time as a causal agent of aspergillus kernel and ear rot in both fields and storages. In order to examine the distribution and diversity of this species, the study of morphological, pathogenic, molecular and toxigenic properties of 48 isolates of this species selected from maize kernels was carried out. Studies of macroscopic morphological traits of isolates showed that biodiversity of observed isolates was low. Colonies of the isolates formed on PDA the abundant dark green, dense cottony mycelium coating. All isolates of A. parasiticus formed unicellular denticulate conidia on MEA. The diameter of conidia of observed isolates varied from 4.08µm to 6.86µm. Two factorial analysis of variance showed that the effects of interactions of studied isolates, light regime and temperatures (p<0.01) on daily growth of the colony diameters were statistically significant. The pathogenicity test pointed out that all observed isolates of A. parasiticus were pathogens of maize ears, as well as that there was divergence in the virulence expression. The comparison of concentrations of synthesised mycotoxins in isolates obtained by ELISA showed a statistically highly significant positive correlation between potential to produce AFB1 and AFLA in tested isolates (r=0,66**). The observed isolates A. parasiticus that synthesised aflatoxins (50%) mostly synthesised AFB1 (84.78%), while the number of isolates that synthesised AFG1 was significantly lower (15.22%). However, it was established that eight isolates synthesised AFG1 at higher concentrations than AFB1. Mycotoxin concentrations in A. parasiticus isolates were compared by using the results obtained by the HPLC method. The comparison indicated that there was a highly statistically positive correlation between synthesised concentrations of AFB1 and AFG1 (r=0.82**), as well as between AFB2 and AFG2 (r=0.63**). The identity of all isolates previously characterised on the basis of morphological, ecological and toxigenic properties as species A. parasiticus was confirmed by the multiplex PCR detection method. Distinguishing between species A. parasiticus and morphologically similar species A. flavus was enabled by the application of the RFLP-PCR method, using restriction enzymes. This was also the first identification of this pathogenic species at the molecular level in Serbia. Accepte

Genetički parametri komponenti prinosa i pomoloških osobina kod sejanaca maline

Over a three-year period yield components and pomologic properties were studied in 20 raspberry seedlings obtained by open pollination of Meeker's yellow clone. The primary goals of this research were to determine its variability components, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of heritability in a broader sense. The analysis of the components of total variance evidenced that higher proportion of genotypic variance was found with fruit shape index (30.84%) and sucrose content (35.61%). The results revealed that genotypic coefficient of variation were less than its corresponding estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation for all traits which indicated significant role of environment in the expression of these characters. The values of heritability coefficients, in a broader sense, were high except for number of flowers per inflorescens (9.47%), titratable acidity (6.38%) and inverted sugar content (28.88%). Nine characters had h2 in interval from 50 to 80% but for fruit weight and fruit length was greater than 80% which implies the high potential of genetic improvement in those traits.Komponente prinosa i pomološke osobine kod 20 sejanaca dobijenih slobodnom oplodnjom žutog klona sorte Miker ispitivano je tokom perioda od tri godine. Primarni cilj ovih ispitivanja bilo je da se utvrde komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti genetičke I fenotipske varijacije i heritabilnost u širem smislu. Analizom komponenti ukupne varijabilnosti ustanovljeno je da su geneticke razlike medu sejancima u velikom procentu uslovile varjabilnost indeksa oblika ploda (30.84%) i sadržaja saharoze (35.61%). Kod svih osobina takođe je utvrđeno da su koeficijenti genetičke varijacije bili manji u odnosu na fenotipske koeficijente varijacije što ukazuje na značajan uticaj spoljašnjih faktora u ekspresiji ovih osobina. Vrednosti koeficijenta heritabilnosti u širem smislu su bili visoki osima za broj cvetova po cvasti (9.47%), ukupnim kiselinama (6.38%) i sadržaju invertnih šećeria (28.88%). Devet osobina imalo je h2 u intervalu od 50 do 80%, dok jeza masu i dužinu ploda bio veći od 80% što pokazuje visok potencijal za poboljšanje ovih osobina

MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY IN MANAGEMENT OF EATING DISORDERS

The treatment of eating disorders demands a comprehensive medical approach, where a dietitian has an important role, primarily due to numerous instances of malnutrition. The objective of this paper was to recapitulate the research findings and clinical evidence which show the importance of medical nutrition therapy in the treatment of eating disorders; furthermore, they present significant guidelines for clinical practice. The research methods have entailed a thorough exploration of literature available at research data bases. The results of the research studies published so far have unambiguously pointed out that, when eating disorders are concerned, there is an urgent need for a diet therapy in order for the patient to restore the appropriate body weight as well as normal eating habits. On the one hand, certain authors suggest returning to normal nutritional habits immediately, whereas, on the other hand, certain others advocate a diet therapy program, that is, a gradual process of recovery. Patients incapable of oral food intake receive enteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition is applied for recovering the lost electrolytes and fluids, but it should be applied rarely, primarily in states of urgency. For patients suffering from eating disorders the increase in weight indicates good chances of recovery; therefore, the patient’s nutritional status should be carefully and continuously noted. Finally, it is important that our country, too, should adopt a carefully prescribed and conducted diet therapy as an obligatory step in the treatment of patients with eating disorders