249 research outputs found
Histological and compositional responses of bone to immobilization and other experimental conditions
Histological techniques were utilized for evaluating progressive changes in tibial compact bone in adult male monkeys during chronic studies of immobilization-associated osteopenia. The animals were restrained in a semirecumbent position which reduces normally occurring stresses in the lower extremities and results in bone mass loss. The longest immobilization studies were of seven months duration. Losses of haversian bone tended to occur predominatly in the proximal tibia and were characterized by increased activation with excessive depth of penetration of osteoclastic activity. There was no apparent regulation of the size and orientation of resorption cavities. Rapid bone loss seen during 10 weeks of immobilization appeared to be due to unrestrained osteoclastic activity without controls and regulation which are characteristic of adaptive systems. The general pattern of loss persisted throughout 7 months of immobilization. Clear cut evidence of a formation phase in haversian bone was seen only after two months of reambulation
Besteht ein Zusammenhang von Alkoholkonsum und sexuellem Risikoverhalten? Eine Diskussion konzeptioneller Aspekte am Beispiel HIV-infizierter MĂ€nner mit homosexuellem Verhalten
Zusammenfassung: Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen Alkoholkonsum und sexuellen Risikokontakten? FĂŒhrt Alkohol zu Risikokontakten? Es lassen sich zahlreiche Studien finden, die diese Frage bejaht haben. Ebenso lassen sich Studien finden, die mit modifizierten Forschungskonzepten diese Befunde nicht bestĂ€tigen konnten. Unter Verwendung von ereignisunspezifischen und situationsspezifischen Konzepten wurden diese Fragen bei einer Stichprobe von 64 HIV-infizierten MĂ€nnern mit homosexuellem Verhalten untersucht. Einen signifikanten Zusammenhang von Alkoholkonsum und sexuellem Risikoverhalten konnten wir mit dem ereignisun-spezifischen Ansatz nicht feststellen. Auch Personen, die sexuelle Kontakte unter Alkoholeinfluss eingegangen waren (situationsspezifisches Konzept), gingen nicht ĂŒberdurchschnittlich hĂ€ufiger Risikokontakte ein. Die Personen hingegen, die unter Alkoholkonsum riskante sexuelle Praktiken eingegangen waren, erreichen sowohl hinsichtlich des Alkoholkonsums als auch des allgemein erfassten Schutz- und Risikoverhaltens lediglich Durchschnittswerte. Erst konkrete Zusatzfragen machen es möglich, sie als Personen mit Risikoverhalten zu identifizieren. FĂŒr Untersuchungen zum sexuellen Schutz- und Risikoverhalten erscheint die Kombination sich ergĂ€nzender Forschungskonzepte zweckmĂ€ssi
Parasitic small-moment-antiferromagnetism and non-linear coupling of hidden order and antiferromagnetism in URu2Si2 observed by Larmor diffraction
We report simultaneous measurements of the distribution of lattice constants
and the antiferromagnetic moment in high-purity URu2Si2, using both Larmor and
conventional neutron diffraction, as a function of temperature and pressure up
to 18 kbar. We establish that the tiny moment in the hidden order (HO) state is
purely parasitic and quantitatively originates from the distribution of lattice
constants. Moreover, the HO and large-moment antiferromagnetism (LMAF) at high
pressure are separated by a line of first-order phase transitions, which ends
in a bicritical point. Thus the HO and LMAF are coupled non-linearly and must
have different symmetry, as expected of the HO being, e.g., incommensurate
orbital currents, helicity order, or multipolar order.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
PÀdagogische Antworten auf Gewalt in der Schule und auf Schulwegen : PrÀventions- und Interventionskonzepte mit einer exemplarischen Analyse der Wirkmechanismen, Reichweite und Nachhaltigkeit des Coolnesstrainings (CT) und der Schulbusbegleiterprogramme (SBB)
Kontrastiver Vergleich zweier PrÀventions- und Interventionsprogramme gegen Gewalt in der Schule und auf den Schulwegen mit einer exemplarischen Analyse der Wirkmechanismen, Reichweite und Nachhaltigkeit.Comparison two prevention and intervention programs against force in school and on the ways to school with an exemplary analysis of the working mechanisms, reach and sustainability
Effects of Ubiquinol-10 on MicroRNA-146a Expression In Vitro and In Vivo
MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in key biological processes via suppression of gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. According to their superior functions, subtle modulation of miR expression by certain compounds or nutrients is desirable under particular conditions. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a reactive oxygen species-/NF-ÎșB-dependent pathway which increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory miR-146a. We hypothesized that this induction could be modulated by the antioxidant ubiquinol-10. Preincubation of human monocytic THP-1 cells with ubiquinol-10 reduced the LPS-induced expression level of miR-146a to 78.9 ± 13.22%. In liver samples of mice injected with LPS, supplementation with ubiquinol-10 leads to a reduction of LPS-induced miR-146a expression to 78.12 ± 21.25%. From these consistent in vitro and in vivo data, we conclude that ubiquinol-10 may fine-tune the inflammatory response via moderate reduction of miR-146a expression
Bose-Einstein condensation and entanglement in magnetic systems
We present a study of magnetic field induced quantum phase transitions in
insulating systems. A generalized scaling theory is used to obtain the
temperature dependence of several physical quantities along the quantum
critical trajectory (, ) where is a longitudinal external
magnetic field and the critical value at which the transition occurs.
We consider transitions from a spin liquid at a critical field and
from a fully polarized paramagnet, at , into phases with long range
order in the transverse components. The transitions at and
can be viewed as Bose-Einstein condensations of magnons which however belong to
different universality classes since they have different values of the dynamic
critical exponent . Finally, we use that the magnetic susceptibility is an
entanglement witness to discuss how this type of correlation sets in as the
system approaches the quantum critical point along the critical trajectory,
, .Comment: 7 pages, 1 Table; accepted version; changes in text and new
reference
High pressure study of BaFe2As2 - role of hydrostaticity and uniaxial stress
We investigate the evolution of the electrical resistivity of BaFe2As2 single
crystals with pressure. The samples used were from the same batch grown from
self flux and showed properties that were highly reproducible. Samples were
pressurised using three different pressure media: pentane-isopentane (in a
piston cylinder cell), Daphne oil (in an alumina anvil cell) and steatite (in a
Bridgman cell). Each pressure medium has its own intrinsic level of
hydrostaticity, which dramatically affects the phase diagram. An increasing
uniaxial pressure component in this system quickly reduces spin density wave
order and favours the appearance of superconductivity, similar to what is seen
in SrFe2As2.Comment: 11 page
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