Charakterisierung der prognostisch relevanten proliferativen Tumorzellen in Mantelzelllymphomen

Morphologie und Proliferationsrate des Mantelzelllymphoms im zeitlichen Verlauf. Immunfluoreszenzdoppelfärbung zur Analyse der proliferierenden (Ki67-positiven) und nicht-proliferierenden (Ki67-negativen) Zellpopulation

Chemical Recycling of Polyolefinic Waste to Light Olefins by Catalytic Pyrolysis

Catalytic pyrolysis of post-industrial and post-consumer waste is studied in an auger-type reactor at pilot scale by applying two different zeolites and an amorphous silica-alumina catalyst in-situ at 400–550 °C. Contrary to thermal pyrolysis, of polyolefin-rich waste, high gaseous pyrolysis product yields of approx. 85 wt % are achieved with C$_2$–C$_4$ olefin contents of up to 67 wt %. After deactivation by coke deposition catalyst regeneration is proved feasible for maintaining the gaseous product yield and composition. Waste feedstocks with significant nitrogen and halogen heteroatom content are not suitable for in-situ catalytic pyrolysis

Coatings of different carbon nanotubes on platinum electrodes for neuronal devices: Preparation, cytocompatibility and interaction with spiral ganglion cells

Cochlear and deep brain implants are prominent examples for neuronal prostheses with clinical relevance. Current research focuses on the improvement of the long-term functionality and the size reduction of neural interface electrodes. A promising approach is the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), either as pure electrodes but especially as coating material for electrodes. The interaction of CNTs with neuronal cells has shown promising results in various studies, but these appear to depend on the specific type of neurons as well as on the kind of nanotubes. To evaluate a potential application of carbon nanotube coatings for cochlear electrodes, it is necessary to investigate the cytocompatibility of carbon nanotube coatings on platinum for the specific type of neuron in the inner ear, namely spiral ganglion neurons. In this study we have combined the chemical processing of as-delivered CNTs, the fabrication of coatings on platinum, and the characterization of the electrical properties of the coatings as well as a general cytocompatibility testing and the first cell culture investigations of CNTs with spiral ganglion neurons. By applying a modification process to three different as-received CNTs via a reflux treatment with nitric acid, long-term stable aqueous CNT dispersions free of dispersing agents were obtained. These were used to coat platinum substrates by an automated spray-coating process. These coatings enhance the electrical properties of platinum electrodes, decreasing the impedance values and raising the capacitances. Cell culture investigations of the different CNT coatings on platinum with NIH3T3 fibroblasts attest an overall good cytocompatibility of these coatings. For spiral ganglion neurons, this can also be observed but a desired positive effect of the CNTs on the neurons is absent. Furthermore, we found that the well-established DAPI staining assay does not function on the coatings prepared from single-wall nanotubes. © 2016 Burblies et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.DFG/EXC 1077/1 “Hearing4all

A network of all sky imagers (ASI) enabling accurate and high-resolution very short-term forecasts of solar irradiance

The Eye2Sky network is a measurement network in north-western Germany consisting of multiple all-sky imagers (ASI), meteorological and solar irradiance measurements. The network provides high temporal and spatial resolution data for meteorological and especially solar energy related applications. With increasing photovoltaic (PV) capacity in electrical grids fluctuations in solar irradiance due to changing cloud cover may have adverse effects on the grid stability. Within Eye2Sky, new technologies and methodologies facing the demand for more accurate solar irradiance forecasts are being developed. The ASIs used in Eye2Sky record 180° field of view hemispherical sky images from fish-eye lensed cameras. Accompanied with local measurements of solar irradiance components (global, direct and diffuse) a very short-term forecast of the solar resource is possible. These nowcasts provide minutely updated information up to 20 minutes ahead with 1-minute temporal and 50 m x 50 m spatial resolution. This approach shows more precise forecasting results for the next minutes ahead compared to traditional and less detailed methods based on satellite or numerical weather prediction models. In the network, multiple ASIs are used to enlarge the spatial coverage and the forecast horizon requested by many applications. Moreover, the forecast error can be reduced with a network of cameras. In this article, the Eye2Sky network, its research results and applications are introduced

Forecasting Solar Irradiance by looking at clouds from above and below

The energy meteorology measurement network Eye2Sky is a cloud monitoring system covering roughly 110x100 km in north-west Germany. It is equipped with 38 cloud cameras, solar radiation measurement stations and individual Lidar based cloud altitude measurements distributed throughout the region around Oldenburg. The system collects high-resolution information on solar radiation, tracks the variability at different locations and outputs forecasts for very short time scales. It covers a resolution range of fewer than 100 metres and less than 1 minute and supports forecasts of up to one hour (depending on the prevailing cloud height). A second data source for this region is given by images from the geostationary satellite MSG. With these images longer forecast horizons are achieved in a coarser resolution. The hybrid use of both data sources has only just begun in the community. This allows the development of new models with an improved quality of predictions

Development of the first geldanamycin-based HSP90 degraders

Despite the early clinical promise, adverse events such as acquired resistance and dose-limiting toxicities have barred the widespread use of HSP90 inhibitors as anticancer drugs. A new approach involving proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) to degrade the protein instead of inhibiting it may overcome these problems. In this work, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of cereblon-recruiting geldanamycin-based HSP90 degraders based on the PROTAC technology. Our best degrader, 3a, effectively decreased HSP90α and HSP90β levels in cells utilizing the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway

Comparison of short-term (hour-ahead) solar irradiance forecasts from all-sky imagers and satellite images

The all sky imagers (ASI) network Eye2Sky has been used for short-term solar irradiance forecasting in the urban area of the city of Oldenburg, in northwest Germany. Eye2Sky is a network of ASI and meteorological measurement instruments operated by DLR. This network is the basis for very short-term, high resolution and accurate predictions of solar irradiance in the upcoming minutes (nowcast). A high density of ASI with low spatial distances between cameras in the urban area allow an almost full coverage of the city (about 10x12 km). On the other hand, ASI-based solar irradiance nowcasts lack long forecast horizons due to their limited field of view (typically 15 minutes for single cameras). With a network of ASIs not only the coverage is increased but also the forecast horizon. Forecasting methods based on satellite images or numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are use as the standard for solar power forecasts. They provide larger spatial coverages and longer forecast horizons compared to ASI forecasts. On the contrary, due to their limited resolution and update rates the accuracy for short-term horizons and single sites is reduced. Here, we demonstrate the value of a network of ASI inside an urban environment for the spatial coverage and forecast horizon. Moreover, we show a comparison of forecast accuracy between the ASI nowcasts and the reference forecasts from satellite and a NWP model. These studies are the basis for a seamless forecasting strategy covering always finer spatial and temporal scales for intra-day applications. The main objective is to provide the highest available accuracy based on the hybridization of multiple data sources. We are looking for an intensive exchange with research and industry on the application of short-term solar forecasting in modern renewable energy driven energy systems, e.g. the use of short-term forecasts in the operation of large PV plants. Any feedback from stakeholders on their needs and requirements will support us to adapt nowcasting strategies to specific applications

Observing Clouds from above and below - a chance for Redispatch 2.0?

Balancing the power production and energy demand is a constant activity of electricity grid operators. Since October 2021, distribution system operators (DSO) in Germany have a completely new role in redispatch as they have now to collaborate more actively with transmission grid operators (TSO) in their daily operations. Important new tasks of the DSO in the Redispatch 2.0 are now the use of daily feed-in forecasts, ensuring the network effectiveness and calculating flexibility restrictions on grid node levels. For these tasks they need to know the photovoltaic power feed in the next minutes and hours. DLR’s high resolution hybrid irradiance forecast is currently based on the combination of a Meteosat satellite derived forecast (based on the Heliosat 3 method) and forecasts derived from the All Sky Imager (ASI) network Eye2Sky. DLR’s Eye2Sky is a cloud monitoring system covering roughly 110x100 km in north-west Germany. It is equipped with 38 all sky imagers, i.e. sky-facing fisheye cameras, ten solar irradiance measurement stations and two individual instruments for cloud height measurement (Ceilometer) distributed throughout the region. The system collects high-resolution information on solar irradiance , tracks the variability and provides forecasts for very short time scales. It has a spatial resolution 50 meters and the temporal resolution exceeds 1 minute. It can produce forecasts for up to one hour ahead depending on the prevailing cloud height and velocity. The data can inform about present and future weather (solar irradiance) conditions for the reliable operation of distribution grids, and economic operation of solar installations as well as for regional case studies. Outcomes of the Smart4RES project show that the hybrid forecast outperforms the RMSE of persistence and the individual input forecasts for all lead times (5min to 30min) for a first validation period of two months (July and August 2020). So, it is a promising candidate for assisting DSOs in their new tasks in Redispatch 2.0. Coupling cloud observations from above (satellite) and below (ground observations) combines the pros and cons of each observing system. We further analyze the cloud situation dependent accuracy of the forecast methods and assess the impact of the assumptions in satellite retrievals on their performances