Співставлення ефективності сталевого та комбінованого каркасів

Recently, in the practice of design, customers of design works and investors of various projects have a dilemma regarding the choice of building material for load-bearing building structures. At the same time, the choice is usually limited to two types of materials – steel and reinforced concrete. Each of these materials has its advantages and disadvantages, which results in their different efficiency of application for various types of building structures. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the estimation side, because in modern complex and dynamic conditions, it turns out to be dominant in many cases. The article presents the results of research of the completed master's thesis on the comparative analysis of the effectiveness of steel and combined frames (steel-reinforced concrete) on the example of the filter station building. The building has dimensions in plan of 54 × 36 m with a total height of about 22 m. Its supporting frame is a statically nondefined flat frame consisting of columns and crossbars in the form of trusses. In the longitudinal direction of the building, the frames are united into a spatial system by means of covering structures. The building is craneless and has three floors, each about 6.5 m high. In the course of research, the considered variants of the transverse frame were analyzed using the finite element method on the basis of the LIRA-CAD multifunctional design complex. As a result, appropriate cross-sections for loads according to the climatic conditions of Ukraine were obtained. A comparison of variants showed that the first design variant is 9 % cheaper. Taking into account the additional technological advantages in its manufacture, the steel frame can be considered more effective for the given construction conditions and be recommended for practical implementation. Separately, it should be noted that such a frame also has an average of 5 times less total mass, which should be considered its additional advantage.Останнім часом в практиці проектування все частіше перед замовниками проектних робіт та інвесторами різноманітних проектів постає дилема стосовно вибору будівельного матеріалу для несучих будівельних конструкцій. При цьому вибір, як правило, обмежується двома видами матеріалів – сталь та залізобетон. Кожен з цих матеріалів має свої переваги та недоліки, результатом чого є їх різна ефективність застосування для різноманітних типів будівельних конструкцій. Основну увагу при цьому відводять кошторисній стороні, оскільки в сучасних складних та динамічних умовах вона в багатьох випадках виявляється домінуючою. У статті наведено результати досліджень виконаної магістерської дипломної роботи з порівняльного аналізу ефективності сталевого і комбінованого каркасів (сталево-залізобетонного) на прикладі будівлі фільтрувальної станції. Будівля має габарити в плані 54 × 36 м при загальній висоті близько 22 м. Її несучий каркас являє собою статично невизначені плоскі рами, що складаються з колон та ригелів у вигляді ферм. В поздовжньому напрямку будівлі рами об’єднані в просторову систему за допомогою конструкцій покриття. Будівля є безкрановою та має три поверхи кожен висотою близько 6,5 м. В ході досліджень розглядувані варіанти поперечної рами аналізувались за допомогою методу скінчених елементів на базі багатофункціонального проектного комплексу ЛІРА-САПР. В результаті були отримані відповідні поперечні перерізи для навантажень за кліматичними умовами України. Співставлення варіантів показало, що перший конструктивний варіант виявляється на 9 % дешевшим. Приймаючи до уваги додаткові технологічні переваги при його виготовленні сталевий каркас може вважатись більш ефективним для розглянутих умов будівництва та бути рекомендованим для практичної реалізації. Окремо слід завважити, що такий каркас має також в середньому в 5 разів меншу загальну масу, що слід вважати його додатковою переваго

Perception of Innovations by Primary Education Teachers: Case Study of Bilingual Classes in Moscow and Moscow Region

The article considers the balance of tradition and innovation as forms of cultural dynamics using the example of education. The review of scientific publications published in 2020-2021 has found that the research interest in the topic is characteristic both of Russianand Spanish-speaking authors, which allows us to refer to international experience, mainly Spanish, for comparison. In this research the authors focus on the project of bilingual classes in primary schools in Moscow and Moscow region. The idea of bilingual education is that educational material is presented in two languages, yet the language pairs can vary: official and minority, official and migrant, official and foreign languages. In the context of the case study, teachers of primary education constitute the most promising group due to the structural features of this level. The system in which one teacher is responsible for most of the subjects allows the project to be implemented gradually without involving a large number of pedagogical staff. At the same time, a teacher of a bilingual class has an opportunity to develop an independent teaching strategy, demonstrating a high level of methodological freedom. The survey among the teachers found that while there is a demand for counseling on their part, they are motivated and receptive to innovations

Proton Conductivity of La2 (Hf2−x Lax )O7−x/2 “Stuffed” Pyrochlores

The design of new oxygen-and proton-conducting materials is of paramount importance for their possible utilization in solid oxide fuel cells. In the present work, La2 (Hf2–x Lax )O7–x/2 (x = 0, 0.1) ceramics were prepared using ball milling of oxide mixtures (La2 O3 and HfO2 ) followed by high-temperature annealing at 1600◦ C for 10 h in air. La2 Hf2 O7 ceramics exhibit an ordered pyrochlore-type structure, whereas La2 (Hf1.9 La0.1)O6.95 has a defect pyrochlore structure type with oxygen vacancies at the 48f positions. The oxygen ion and proton conductivity of La2 (Hf1.9 La0.1 )O6.95 “stuffed” pyrochlore ceramics was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (two-probe AC) and four-probe DC measurements in a dry and a wet atmosphere (air and nitrogen). The use of two distinct conductivity measurement techniques ensured, for the first time, the collection of reliable data on the proton conductivity of the La2 (Hf1.9 La0.1)O6.95 “stuffed” hafnate pyrochlore. La2 Hf2 O7 was found to be a dielectric in the range 400–900◦ C, whereas the La2 (Hf1.9 La0.1 )O6.95 “stuffed” pyrochlore had both oxygen ion and proton conductivities in this temperature range. The proton conductivity level was found to be equal to ~8 × 10−5 S/cm at 700◦ C. Clearly, the proton conductivity of the La2 (Hf1.9 La0.1 )O6.95 “stuffed” hafnate pyrochlore is mainly due to the hydration of oxygen vacancies at 48f positions. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Особенности системного воспалительного ответа при черепно-мозговой травме

Objective: to study the specific features of a systemic inflammatory response in critical ill patients with brain injury.Subjects and methods. A hundred and nine patients were examined. Of them, there were 60 apparently healthy donors who formed a control group (whose obtained values were taken as normal) and 49 patients with isolated severe brain injury in the acute period. The magnitude of a systemic inflammatory response was evaluated from the blood levels of acute-phase response agents, such as C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, a^-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, proteins of complement C3, C4, albumin.Results. Analysis of the findings revealed that the systemic inflammatory response developed in severe brain injury, but it had its own features. Thus, there was a less increase in the level of C-reactive protein and a decrease in the blood concentrations of the positive acute-phase response agent haptoglobin. The change in the content of the other study acute-phase proteins was the same as described for a classical systemic inflammatory response in septic states and during surgical intervention.Conclusion. The revealed changes in the levels of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin support the view of limitation of a brain lesion focus by the functioning blood-brain barrier, by determining the course of a systemic inflammatory response in patients with severe brain injury. Цель исследования . Изучение особенностей системного воспалительного ответа у пациентов в критическом состоянии при черепно-мозговой травме.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 109 человек. Из них 60 практически здоровых доноров составили контрольную группу (полученные данные были приняты за норму) и 49 пациентов с изолированной тяжёлой черепно-мозговой травмой в острый период. Степень выраженности системного воспалительного ответа оценивали по содержанию в крови реактантов острофазного ответа: С-реактивный белок, гаптоглобин, о^-ан-титрипсин, церулоплазмин, трансферрин, белки комплемента С3, С4, альбумин.Результаты. При оценке материала было выявлено, что при тяжёлой черепно-мозговой травме развивался системный воспалительный ответ, но он имел свои особенности. Так, имела место меньшая степень повышения уровня С-реактивного белка, плюс, имело место снижение в крови концентрации позитивного реактанта острофазного ответа — гаптоглобина. Изменение же количественного содержания остальных исследуемых острофазовых белков было таким же, как описано для классического СВО при септических состояниях и при хирургической агрессии.Заключение. Выявленные особенности изменения уровня С-РБ и ГГ подтверждают мнение об ограничении очага повреждения головного мозга функционирующим ге-матоэнцефалическим барьером, определяя особенность течения системного воспалительного ответа у пациентов с тяжёлой черепно-мозговой травмой.

Snake venom phospholipase A2s exhibit strong virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit the viral spike glycoprotein interaction with ACE2.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 requires new treatments both to alleviate the symptoms and to prevent the spread of this disease. Previous studies demonstrated good antiviral and virucidal activity of phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) from snake venoms against viruses from different families but there was no data for coronaviruses. Here we show that PLA2s from snake venoms protect Vero E6 cells against SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effects. PLA2s showed low cytotoxicity to Vero E6 cells with some activity at micromolar concentrations, but strong antiviral activity at nanomolar concentrations. Dimeric PLA2 from the viper Vipera nikolskii and its subunits manifested especially potent virucidal effects, which were related to their phospholipolytic activity, and inhibited cell-cell fusion mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Moreover, PLA2s interfered with binding both of an antibody against ACE2 and of the receptor-binding domain of the glycoprotein S to 293T/ACE2 cells. This is the first demonstration of a detrimental effect of PLA2s on β-coronaviruses. Thus, snake PLA2s are promising for the development of antiviral drugs that target the viral envelope, and could also prove to be useful tools to study the interaction of viruses with host cells

Genetic analysis of a major international collection of cultivated apple varieties reveals previously unknown historic heteroploid and inbred relationships

Domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is a major global crop and the genetic diversity held within the pool of cultivated varieties is important for the development of future cultivars. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity held within the domesticated form, through the analysis of a major international germplasm collection of cultivated varieties, the UK National Fruit Collection, consisting of over 2,000 selections of named cultivars and seedling varieties. We utilised Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers to assess the genetic diversity within the collection. Clustering attempts, using the software STRUCTURE revealed that the accessions formed a complex and historically admixed group for which clear clustering was challenging. Comparison of accessions using the Jaccard similarity coefficient allowed us to identify clonal and duplicate material as well as revealing pairs and groups that appeared more closely related than a standard parent-offspring or full-sibling relations. From further investigation, we were able to propose a number of new pedigrees, which revealed that some historically important cultivars were more closely related than previously documented and that some of them were partially inbred. We were also able to elucidate a number of parent-offspring relationships that had resulted in a number of important polyploid cultivars. This included reuniting polyploid cultivars that in some cases dated as far back as the 18th century, with diploid parents that potentially date back as far as the 13th century

The Cancer Genomics Resource List 2014

Context.— Genomic sequencing for cancer is offered by commercial for-profit laboratories, independent laboratory networks, and laboratories in academic medical centers and integrated health networks. The variability among the tests has created a complex, confusing environment. Objective.— To address the complexity, the Personalized Health Care (PHC) Committee of the College of American Pathologists proposed the development of a cancer genomics resource list (CGRL). The goal of this resource was to assist the laboratory pathology and clinical oncology communities. Design.— The PHC Committee established a working group in 2012 to address this goal. The group consisted of site-specific experts in cancer genetic sequencing. The group identified current next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based cancer tests and compiled them into a usable resource. The genes were annotated by the working group. The annotation process drew on published knowledge, including public databases and the medical literature. Results.— The compiled list includes NGS panels offered by 19 laboratories or vendors, accompanied by annotations. The list has 611 different genes for which NGS-based mutation testing is offered. Surprisingly, of these 611 genes, 0 genes were listed in every panel, 43 genes were listed in 4 panels, and 54 genes were listed in 3 panels. In addition, tests for 393 genes were offered by only 1 or 2 institutions. Table 1 provides an example of gene mutations offered for breast cancer genomic testing with the annotation as it appears in the CGRL 2014. Conclusions.— The final product, referred to as the Cancer Genomics Resource List 2014, is available as supplemental digital content