Evaluation of gender role perceptions in adolescents according to sociodemographic factors

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşları 12 ile 17 arasında değişen bir grup ergenin toplumsal cinsiyet algılarının cinsiyet, yaş, anne babanın eğitim durumu, ekonomik durumu, çalışma durumu gibi bir takım sosyodemografik özellikler ile ilişkilerini analiz etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Toplamda 100 katılımcının sosyodemografik özelliklerini değerlendirmek adına araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan yarı yapılandırılmış Sosyodemografik Veri Formu, cinsiyet algılarını ve toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini değerlendirmek adına ise “BEM cinsiyet rolü envanteri” ve “toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri tutum ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: “Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri tutum ölçeği” alt boyutları (eşitlikçi cinsiyet rolü, kadın cinsiyet rolü, evlilikte cinsiyet rolü, geleneksel cinsiyet rolü, erkek cinsiyet rolü) ile yaş, cinsiyet, anne baba eğitim düzeyi, annenin çalışma durumu, ekonomik düzey değişkenleri ile anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. “BEM cinsiyet rolü envanteri” alt boyutları (feminenlik, maskülenlik, nötr) ile de yaş, cinsiyet, anne eğitim düzeyi, annenin çalışma durumu ve ekonomik düzey değişkenleri ile anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Düşük eğitim düzeyi ve düşük ekonomik gelire sahip ailelerin çocuklarının toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin daha çok “geleneksel cinsiyet rolü” algısına sahip olduğu; annenin çalıştığı, eğitim düzeyi ve ekonomik geliri yüksek ailelerin çocuklarının ise daha çok “eşitlikçi cinsiyet rolü” algısına sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Ergenlerin yaşı, cinsiyeti ve ailelerinin ekonomik durumu ve eğitim düzeyi gibi sosyodemografik özellikleri ile toplumsal cinsiyet algıları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur.Objective: The main focus of the study is to evaluate the relationship between the development of gender role perception during the adolescence and the social demographic backgrounds such as sex; age; educational level, financial situation and working status of the parents. Methods: One hundred individuals aged between 12 and 17 were chosen as a study group. To analyze the sociodemographic backgrounds of the participants, a semi-structured questionnaire designed by the researcher was applied to all subjects. To describe the sexual role and gender role perceptions of each individual, two existing measures are used: "BEM sex role inventory" (BSRI) and "gender roles attitude scale" (GRAS). Results: The subcategories of "gender roles attitude scale" (GRAS) (egalitarian gender roles, female gender roles, marriage gender roles, traditional gender roles and male gender roles) were significantly different according to different age and gender groups. Similar results were obtained for the subgroups of "BEM sex role inventory" (femininity, masculinity, and neutral) as well. Furthermore, the novel finding of this study was the significant relationship between the educational and financial situation of the parents and the gender role perception in their children. While children of the families with low education and low income were more prone to have traditional view; the children with highly educated parents, working mother and high income tended to have more egalitarian view. Conclusion: Results of the present study clearly suggest that certain sociodemographic backgrounds of adolescents are significantly associated with certain aspects of their gender role perceptions.Publisher's Versio

Genetic Basis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. Due to studies reporting that the effects of ADHD diagnosis on functioning may last throughout life, this disorder, which has great importance for child and adolescent psychiatry, started to attract greater attention recently in terms of adult psychiatry. A review, evaluating the results of studies conducted on the genetic basis of ADHD, which started to attract increasing attention both in our country and the world, was thought to help clinicians working in this field. PubMed and Turkish Psychiatry Index online search engines were screened using “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder”, “ADHD”, “genetics” as key words. The data obtained were combined with information gleaned from several textbooks. Based on previous studies, it could easily be concluded that ADHD is one of the most common heritable psychiatric disorder with distinguished genetic features. Despite its importance for diagnosis and treatment, the etiology of ADHD is still not clear and the disorder seems to be a complex problem arising from the effects of both genetic and environmental factors. Although previous studies revealed that ADHD displayed familial and hereditary transmission, stable patterns of Mendelian inheritance could not be discriminated by evaluation of pedigrees. Therefore, many studies have been conducted on the molecular genetic basis of ADHD recently. The previous studies did not report consistent results in identification of the genes responsible for ADHD which has been partially linked to heterogeneity of the disorder. Grouping relevant patients according to comorbidities and persistence in adolescence rather than DSM-IV subtypes could be an important alternative method for overcoming this limitation in the research studies

Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Female Adolescents with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Related to Sexual Abuse

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the sleep quality of adolescents with PTSD related to sexual abuse and to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, PTSD symptoms, and quality of life. Our study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Materials and Method: Forty adolescents who were diagnosed with PTSD related to sexual abuse and 40 healthy adolescents as a control group were included in the study. Structured interview scale Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents (CAPS-CA) were applied to children by the clinician. All participants also filled out the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results: The analyses of the data revealed that the quality of life scores of the case group was significantly associated with worse results. Sleeplessness index (ISI) and morning sleepiness scores (ESS) were higher in the case group than the control group (P <.001; P <.001) and perceived quality of sleep (PSQI) was determined to be lower (P <.001). A statistically significant relationship between PTSD total score and PSQI (P <.001; r = 0.550), ESS (P <.05; r = 0.369), ISI (P <.001; r = 0.613), and PedsQL (P <.001; r = -0.473) were identified. PSQI, ESS, and ISI were also found to be correlated with each other (PSQI, ESS r = 488; PSQI, ISI r = 0.755; ESS and ISI r = 0.514). Moreover, PSQI scores explain the deterioration in quality of life more significantly than CAPS-CA-TOTAL scores (PSQI P = .008; CAPS P = .572). Conclusion: In cases with PTSD related to sexual abuse, we found that sleep affects the quality of life more than the symptoms of PTSD. Sleep-based approaches in PTSD may affect both quality of life and functionality positively, and PSQI may be used in clinical practice to assess both sleep and quality of life in the follow up of patients with PTSD related to sexual abuse.WOS:00063899910001

Atomoxetine Induced Skin Picking: A Case Report

PubMed ID: 32106136"Skin picking disorder," also known as "dermatillomania" or "psychogenic excoriation," is classified in the "Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders" category in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and characterized by repetitive skin picking behaviors resulting in skin lesions. Atomoxetine (ATX) is a selective norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitor commonly used in the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Atomoxetine is considered to increase levels of noradrenaline and dopamine by inhibiting norepinephrine transporters. In this case report, we present an 8-year-old male attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patient with skin picking behavior due to ATX treatment. We discussed possible explanations of skin picking behavior with ATX in the light of the current literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report of skin picking due to ATX in literature, and further studies are needed to investigate the frequency and mechanisms of skin picking with ATX

The effect of music therapy on autistic symptoms and quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorder

WOS: 000480458500012Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, müzik terapinin otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan çocuklarda otizm belirtileri ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Çalışmada OSB’li iki grup 24 olgu, aylık rutin çocuk psikiyatri kontrolleri ve özel eğitim ve dışında herhangi bir eğitim veya tedavi almayan bir grup ile bunlara ek olarak müzik terapi alan diğer grup, müzik terapi öncesi ve sonrasına ilişkin otizm belirtileri ve yaşam kalitesi açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Olguların hiçbiri psikiyatrik ilaç kullanmamıştır. Müzik terapi grubundaki çocuklara müzik terapisti tarafından sekiz hafta süreyle, haftada iki kez 40 dakikalık improvizasyonel müzik terapi uygulanmıştır. Otizm belirtileri Otizm Davranış Kontrol Listesi (ODKL), yaşam kalitesi Çocuklar için Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (ÇİYKÖ) ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Müzik terapi öncesi için iki grup arasında ODKL ve ÇİYKÖ alt ölçeklerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmamış olup, müzik terapi sonrası için iki grup arasında ODKL ilişki kurma, dil becerileri, toplam ölçek puanında (p=0.012, p=0.04, p=0.032) ve ÇİYKÖ duygusal yaşam kalitesi puanlarında (p<0.001) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, müzik terapi grubundaki OSB’li çocukların müzik terapi sonrası öncesine göre ODKL ilişki kurma, beden-nesne kullanımı, dil becerileri, toplumsal-öz bakım, ölçek toplam puanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşük puanlar aldıkları (sırasıyla, p<0.001, p=0.017, p=0.009, p=0.027, p<0.001) ve ÇİYKÖ duygusal, toplumsal, okul, ruhsal-toplumsal ve ölçek toplam puanlarında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek puanlar aldıkları saptanmıştır (sırasıyla, p=0.002, p<0.001, p=0.009, p<0.001, p<0.001). Tartışma: Çalışmamızda müzik terapinin OSB’li çocuklarda hem otizm spektrum belirtileri, hem de yaşam kalitesi açısından ek olumlu gelişmeler sağladığı saptanmıştır. Çalışmamızda elde edilen bu sonuçlar literatürle uyumlu olup müzik terapinin OSB’li çocuklarda rutin tedaviye ek olarak tamamlayıcı bir yöntem olarak kullanılabileceğini düşündürmektedir. (Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2019; 20(4):436-441)Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of music therapy on autistic symptoms and quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: In this research, 24 ASD diagnosed children in two groups; one group that received no treatment except monthly routine child psychiatric follow-up and special education, and the other group that received additional music therapy were compared in terms of pre and post music therapy autistic symptoms and quality of life. None of the children used psychiatric drugs. The children in the music therapy group received twice-weekly forty minute sessions of improvisational music therapy for eight weeks by a music therapist. Autistic symptoms were assessed with the Autism Behavior Checklist (AuBC) and quality of life was assessed with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Results: There was statistically significant difference in relationship building, language skills, total scores of AuBC (p=0.012, p=0.04, p=0.032) and in emotional quality of life scores of PedsQL (p=0.001) between two groups after music therapy with no statistically significant difference in AuBC or PedsQL scores before music therapy. In addition, it was revealed that ASD children in music therapy group had statistically significant lower scores in relationship building, body-object use, language skills, social self-care, total scores of AuBC (respectively, p<0.001, p=0.017, p=0.009, p=0.027, p<0.001) and statistically significant higher scores in emotional, social, school, psychosocial, total quality of life scores of PedsQL (respectively, p=0.002, p<0.001, p=0.009, p<0.001, p<0.001) after music therapy compared to before. Discussion: In our research, it was revealed that music therapy provide additional positive results in autism spectrum symptoms and quality of life in children with ASD. These results obtained in our study were consistent with the literature and suggested that music therapy could be used as a complementary method in addition to routine treatment in children with ASD

Skin Picking Successfully Treated With Atomoxetine in Comorbid Skin Picking and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Report

Skin picking disorder (SPD: also known as neurotic excoriation, psychogenic excoriation, or dermatillomania) is classified in the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders category in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition, and characterized by unintentional, repetitive skin picking behaviors. Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this case report, we present a 9-year-old girl with the comorbid diagnosis of ADHD and SPD treated successfully with atomoxetine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of skin picking treated with atomoxetine in a patient with ADHD. We discussed possible explanations of mechanisms. Further studies are required on the effectiveness of atomoxetine for the treatment of SPD in the presence and absence of comorbid ADHD.WOS:0005566086000052-s2.0-85088485439PubMed: 3254133

Evaluation of Gender Role Perceptions in Adolescents According to Sociodemographic Factors

WOS: 000441304600009Objective: The main focus of the study is to evaluate the relationship between the development of gender role perception during the adolescence and the social demographic backgrounds such as sex; age; educational level, financial situation and working status of the parents. Methods: One hundred individuals aged between 12 and 17 were chosen as a study group. To analyze the sociodemographic backgrounds of the participants, a semi-structured questionnaire designed by the researcher was applied to all subjects. To describe the sexual role and gender role perceptions of each individual, two existing measures are used: "BEM sex role inventory" (BSRI) and "gender roles attitude scale" (GRAS). Results: The subcategories of "gender roles attitude scale" (GRAS) (egalitarian gender roles, female gender roles, marriage gender roles, traditional gender roles and male gender roles) were significantly different according to different age and gender groups. Similar results were obtained for the subgroups of "BEM sex role inventory" (femininity, masculinity, and neutral) as well. Furthermore, the novel finding of this study was the significant relationship between the educational and financial situation of the parents and the gender role perception in their children. While children of the families with low education and low income were more prone to have traditional view; the children with highly educated parents, working mother and high income tended to have more egalitarian view. Conclusion: Results of the present study clearly suggest that certain sociodemographic backgrounds of adolescents are significantly associated with certain aspects of their gender role perceptions

Decreased serum levels of total and high molecular weight adiponectin in treatment-naïve children with ADHD

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered to be one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to examine serum levels of total and High Molecular Weight (HMW)adiponectin, and also HMW/total adiponectin ratio with respect to ADHD symptomatology in children. Methods: Serum levels of total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay kits in 44 treatment-naïve children with ADHD and age, gender matched 44 healthy controls. ADHD symptoms were scored by Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short (CPRS-RS) and ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). Body Mass Index-Standart Deviation Scores (BMI-SDS) of all children were evaluated. Results: There were no significant difference in terms of gender, age and BMI-SDS between ADHD and healthy control groups (respectively, p=1, p=0.475, p=0.097). We found that serum total, HMW adiponectin levels and HMW adiponectin/ total adiponectin ratio were significantly lower in ADHD group compared to controls (p<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender and BMI-SDS, we observed that serum total and HMW adiponectin levels as well as HMW/total adiponectin ratio were associated with ADHD (p<0.001). Additionally, in partial correlations adjusting for age and BMI-SDS in ADHD group, we detected significantly negative correlations between total adiponectin, HMW adiponectin, HMW/total adiponectin ratio and CPRS-RS hyperactivity (p=0.031, p=0.016, p=0.007, respectively), ADHD-RS hyperactive-impulsive (p<0.001), ADHD-RS total symptom scores (p=0.015, p=0.010, p=0.005, respectively). Discussion: To our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine serum HMW adiponectin levels in ADHD children and also to investigate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and serum levels of total and HMW adiponectin. The results of our study indicate that total and HMW adiponectin may be associated with ADHD.Amaç: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), en sık görülen çocukluk çağı psikiyatrik bozukluklarından biri olarak kabul edilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, DEHB’li çocuklarda, toplam ve yüksek moleküler ağırlıklı (YMA) adipo?nektin serum düzeylerini, YMA/toplam adiponektin oranını ve bu parametrelerle DEHB belirtileri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Yöntem: DEHB tanısını yeni konmuş 44 çocuk ve yaş, cinsiyet açısından DEHB grubuyla eşleştirilmiş 44 sağlıklı çocukta, toplam adiponektin ve YMA adiponektinin serum düzeyleri, enzim bağlı immünosorban test kitleri (ELISA) ile ölçülmüştür. Tüm çocuklarda, DEHB belirtileri Conners Ebeveyn Derecelendirme Ölçeği-Yenilen?miş Kısa (CPRS-RS) ve DEHB Derecelendirme Ölçeği (ADHD-RS) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Beden kitle indeksi stan?dart sapma puanları (BMI-SDS) hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar: DEHB ve sağlıklı kontrol grupları arasında cinsiyet, yaş ve BMI-SDS açısından anlamlı fark bulunmadı (sırayla, p=1, p=0.475, p=0.097). Serum toplam, YMA adiponektin düzeyleri ve YMA adiponektin/toplam adiponektin oranının, DEHB grubunda kontrollere göre anlamlı olarak düşük olduğu bulundu (p<0.001). Lojistik regresyon analizinde yaş, cinsiyet ve BMI-SDS kontrol edildiğinde, serum toplam ve YMA adiponektin düzeylerinin yanı sıra, YMA/toplam adiponektin oranının DEHB ile ilişkili olduğu saptandı (p<0.001). DEHB grubunda, yaş ve BMI-SDS kontrol edilerek bakılan kısmi korelasyonlarda toplam adiponektin, YMA adiponektin, YMA/toplam adiponektin oranı ile CPRS-RS hiperaktivite (sırayla, p=0.031, p=0.016, p=0.007), ADHD-RS hiperaktivite-dürtüsellik (p<0.001) ve ADHD-RS toplam ölçek puanları (sırayla, p=0.015, p=0.010, p=0.005) arasında istatistiksel yönden anlamlı ilişkiler saptandı. Tartışma: Bildiğimiz kadarıyla bu çalışma, DEHB’li çocuklarda serum YMA adiponektin düzeylerini inceleyen ve DEHB belirtileri ile toplam ve YMA adiponektin serum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran ilk çalışmadır. Çalışmamızın sonuçları, toplam ve YMA adiponektinin DEHB ile ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir.WOS:0005843748000102-s2.0-8509545575

Decreased serum levels of total and high molecular weight adiponectin in treatment-naïve children with ADHD

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered to be one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to examine serum levels of total and High Molecular Weight (HMW)adiponectin, and also HMW/total adiponectin ratio with respect to ADHD symptomatology in children. Methods: Serum levels of total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay kits in 44 treatment-naïve children with ADHD and age, gender matched 44 healthy controls. ADHD symptoms were scored by Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short (CPRS-RS) and ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). Body Mass Index-Standart Deviation Scores (BMI-SDS) of all children were evaluated. Results: There were no significant difference in terms of gender, age and BMI-SDS between ADHD and healthy control groups (respectively, p=1, p=0.475, p=0.097). We found that serum total, HMW adiponectin levels and HMW adiponectin/ total adiponectin ratio were significantly lower in ADHD group compared to controls (p<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender and BMI-SDS, we observed that serum total and HMW adiponectin levels as well as HMW/total adiponectin ratio were associated with ADHD (p<0.001). Additionally, in partial correlations adjusting for age and BMI-SDS in ADHD group, we detected significantly negative correlations between total adiponectin, HMW adiponectin, HMW/total adiponectin ratio and CPRS-RS hyperactivity (p=0.031, p=0.016, p=0.007, respectively), ADHD-RS hyperactive-impulsive (p<0.001), ADHD-RS total symptom scores (p=0.015, p=0.010, p=0.005, respectively). Discussion: To our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine serum HMW adiponectin levels in ADHD children and also to investigate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and serum levels of total and HMW adiponectin. The results of our study indicate that total and HMW adiponectin may be associated with ADHD.Amaç: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), en sık görülen çocukluk çağı psikiyatrik bozukluklarından biri olarak kabul edilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, DEHB’li çocuklarda, toplam ve yüksek moleküler ağırlıklı (YMA) adipo?nektin serum düzeylerini, YMA/toplam adiponektin oranını ve bu parametrelerle DEHB belirtileri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Yöntem: DEHB tanısını yeni konmuş 44 çocuk ve yaş, cinsiyet açısından DEHB grubuyla eşleştirilmiş 44 sağlıklı çocukta, toplam adiponektin ve YMA adiponektinin serum düzeyleri, enzim bağlı immünosorban test kitleri (ELISA) ile ölçülmüştür. Tüm çocuklarda, DEHB belirtileri Conners Ebeveyn Derecelendirme Ölçeği-Yenilen?miş Kısa (CPRS-RS) ve DEHB Derecelendirme Ölçeği (ADHD-RS) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Beden kitle indeksi stan?dart sapma puanları (BMI-SDS) hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar: DEHB ve sağlıklı kontrol grupları arasında cinsiyet, yaş ve BMI-SDS açısından anlamlı fark bulunmadı (sırayla, p=1, p=0.475, p=0.097). Serum toplam, YMA adiponektin düzeyleri ve YMA adiponektin/toplam adiponektin oranının, DEHB grubunda kontrollere göre anlamlı olarak düşük olduğu bulundu (p<0.001). Lojistik regresyon analizinde yaş, cinsiyet ve BMI-SDS kontrol edildiğinde, serum toplam ve YMA adiponektin düzeylerinin yanı sıra, YMA/toplam adiponektin oranının DEHB ile ilişkili olduğu saptandı (p<0.001). DEHB grubunda, yaş ve BMI-SDS kontrol edilerek bakılan kısmi korelasyonlarda toplam adiponektin, YMA adiponektin, YMA/toplam adiponektin oranı ile CPRS-RS hiperaktivite (sırayla, p=0.031, p=0.016, p=0.007), ADHD-RS hiperaktivite-dürtüsellik (p<0.001) ve ADHD-RS toplam ölçek puanları (sırayla, p=0.015, p=0.010, p=0.005) arasında istatistiksel yönden anlamlı ilişkiler saptandı. Tartışma: Bildiğimiz kadarıyla bu çalışma, DEHB’li çocuklarda serum YMA adiponektin düzeylerini inceleyen ve DEHB belirtileri ile toplam ve YMA adiponektin serum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran ilk çalışmadır. Çalışmamızın sonuçları, toplam ve YMA adiponektinin DEHB ile ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir.WOS:0005843748000102-s2.0-8509545575