Predicting At-Risk Students in an Online Flipped Anatomy Course Using Learning Analytics

When using the flipped classroom method, students are required to come to the lesson after having prepared the basic concepts. Thus, the effectiveness of the lecture depends on the students’ preparation. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it has become difficult to examine student preparations and to predict student course failures with limiting variables. Learning analytics can overcome this limitation. In this study, we aimed to develop a predictive model for at-risk students who are at risk of failing their final exam in an introductory anatomy course. In a five-week online flipped anatomy course, students’ weekly interaction metrics, quiz scores, and pretest scores were used to design a predictive model. We also compared the performances of different machine learning algorithms. According to the results, the Naïve Bayes algorithm showed the best performance for predicting student grades with an overall classification accuracy of 68% and with at-risk prediction accuracy of 71%. These results can be used as a traffic light project wherein the “at-risk” group will receive the red light, and thus, will require more effort to engage with the content and they might need to solve the quiz tests after an individual study period

Predicting At-Risk Students in an Online Flipped Anatomy Course Using Learning Analytics

When using the flipped classroom method, students are required to come to the lesson after having prepared the basic concepts. Thus, the effectiveness of the lecture depends on the students’ preparation. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it has become difficult to examine student preparations and to predict student course failures with limiting variables. Learning analytics can overcome this limitation. In this study, we aimed to develop a predictive model for at-risk students who are at risk of failing their final exam in an introductory anatomy course. In a five-week online flipped anatomy course, students’ weekly interaction metrics, quiz scores, and pretest scores were used to design a predictive model. We also compared the performances of different machine learning algorithms. According to the results, the Naïve Bayes algorithm showed the best performance for predicting student grades with an overall classification accuracy of 68% and with at-risk prediction accuracy of 71%. These results can be used as a traffic light project wherein the “at-risk” group will receive the red light, and thus, will require more effort to engage with the content and they might need to solve the quiz tests after an individual study period

Medical students' attitudes towards science and gross anatomy, and the relationship to personality

International audienc

Cadaver analysis of thoracic outlet anomalies

Esmer, Ali Firat/0000-0003-2511-9879; Apaydin, Nihal/0000-0002-7680-1766; ATINKAYA, CANSEL/0000-0002-8583-3479WOS: 000286413200013Background: This study aims to determinate the rate of thoracic outlet anomalies by means of analysis of cadavers. Methods: Supraclavicular incisions were applied by two anatomists and two thoracic surgeons in the thoracocervicoaxillary region of both extremities (n=40) in twenty cadavers (7 females, 13 males; mean age 46). The formation and type of fibrous bands, cervical ribs, C7 long transverse processes and anomalies of the clavicles, scalenus anterior and scalenus medius muscles, brachial plexus, subclavian arteries and veins were evaluated. The type and formation of fibrous bands were classified using Roos' classification. Results: Anomalies were found in 34 (85%) of extremities. The type 3-band was most frequently (15%) observed and all of them were on the right extremity. The type 4-band was rarely seen (2.5%). Two bands (type 9 and type 11) in the same extremity were notified in one cadaver. (2.5%). The occurrence rate of cervical rib and C7 long transverse process was 10%. Some fibers of m. scalenus medius emerged from a cervical rib in one extremity (2.5%). The arteria subclavia anterior passed through the scalene muscle in three extremities (7.5%). In 10% of extremities the C5 truncus passing through the anterior scalene muscle and upper truncus of brachial plexus passing anterior scalene muscle via perforation was found in 7.5% of patients. Conclusion: In our population, brachial plexus and subclavian artery variations are frequently observed. Therefore these types of anomalies should be taken into consideration to prevent morbidity and complications when muscle division or blockage applications are performed

The 'unskilled and unaware' : self-assessment in a real world setting

Self-assessment ability in medical students and practising physicians is generally poor yet essential for academic progress and professional development. The aim of this study was to determine undergraduate medical students ability to accurately self assess their exam performance in a real-world, high-stakes exam setting, something not previously investigated. Year 1 and Year 2 medical students (n = 199) participated in a self-assessment exercise. Students predicted their exam score (%) on the anatomy practical exam. This exercise was completed online, immediately after the exam. Students’ predicted exam scores were correlated with their actual attained exam scores using a Pearson’s correlation. Demographic data was analysed using an independent t-test. A negative correlation was found between students’ predicted and attained exam scores. There was no relationship between the students’ entry status into medical school and self-assessment ability or between males and females. However, a relationship was determined for these variables in year 2. The number of hours of additional self-directed learning undertaken did not influence students’ self-assessment. Our results demonstrate the ‘unskilled and unaware’ phenomenon in a real-world, higherstakes and practice-related setting. Students were unable to self-assess their exam performance. Poor performers were shown to overestimate their ability, and conversely, high achievers underestimated their performance. We present evidence of a strong, significant linear relationship between medical students’ ability to self-assess their performance in an anatomy practical exam, and their actual performance; in a real world setting. These findings will enable faculty to guide students on their journey to becoming reflective practitioners and reflective anatomy students

The annular ligament - An anatomical study

Background: Despite documentations of ligamentous structures of the elbow, the anatomy and clinical and functional importance of the annular ligament has not been comprehensively defined in the orthopaedic literature

The Annular Ligament

Background: Despite documentations of ligamentous structures of the elbow, the anatomy and clinical and functional importance of the annular ligament has not been comprehensively defined in the orthopaedic literature

A novel approach for anterior sciatic nerve block: cadaveric feasibility study

Cinar, Ayse Surhan/0000-0003-2247-9764; Apaydin, Nihal/0000-0002-7680-1766WOS: 000284856500009PubMed: 20204637Background Sciatic nerve block is a commonly used technique for providing anesthesia and analgesia to the lower extremity. It is classically performed through posterior or lateral approaches. However, an anterior approach should be considered in certain conditions where patient positioning would be complicated. The success rate of the sciatic nerve block with previously defined approaches has been reported to be low, however, the complication rate with such approaches has been found to be high. Therefore, we aimed to conduct an anatomical study defining a new anterior approach to block the sciatic nerve and also to examine if the femoral nerve can be blocked via the same approach. Methods Initially, various landmarks and practical measurements were examined on 11 lower extremities. Eight of the lower extremities were used for defining the best approach to the sciatic nerve anteriorly. Once defined, Indian ink was injected into two cadaveric extremities with an anesthetic needle through such an approach. The route of the needle was evaluated via dissection and we observed whether the ink stained the sciatic nerve or injured regional neurovascular structures. The remaining extremity was cut axially to observe the route of the needle after injection. Results The ideal site of needle insertion was found to be 4-5 cm distal to the inguinal crease and 1-2 cm lateral to the femoral artery. On average, this point corresponded to a point located 8.0 +/- 0.7 cm distal to a perpendicular line drawn midway through the straight line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle (PT). The distance of this point to the straight line drawn between the ASIS and PT was approximately equal to half the distance of this line. Conclusion The technique described herein appears anatomically safe with a lower risk of damage to major neurovascular structures. Additionally, the femoral nerve can be blocked simultaneously to obtain a larger area of anesthesia of the lower limb