Resistance and adaptation to criminal identity: using secondary analysis to evaluate classic studies of crime and deviance

'Qualitative Daten bieten reichhaltige Einsichten in die soziale Welt, sei es in alleiniger Anwendung oder im Tandem mit statistischer Analyse. Allerdings ist die Erhebung und Auswertung qualitativer Daten mit hohen Kosten verbunden. Ferner ist allgemein bekannt, dass nur ein Teil der so aufwändig erhobenen Daten letztlich Gegenstand der Auswertung und Veröffentlichung wird. Die Sekundäranalyse ist in der quantitativen Forschung bereits eine gut etablierte Methode und gewinnt auch für die Anwendung auf qualitative Daten an Wertschätzung. Eine besondere Rolle spielt sie im Zusammenhang mit Forschung zu sensiblen Themen und/oder schwer zugänglichen Populationen, wie in dem vorliegenden Beispiel erläutert wird. Dieser Artikel leistet einen Beitrag zur Diskussion des Potenzials und der Grenzen der Sekundäranalyse qualitativer Daten, indem er die Ergebnisse einer Sekundäranalyse einer klassischen Studie zur Soziologie des Gefängnislebens - Cohen und Taylors Forschung zu Langzeit-Inhaftierung von Männern in Hochsicherheitsverwahrung - berichtet. Auf der Grundlage der Nutzung archivierter Daten der Originalstudie betrachtet der Beitrag Cohen und Taylors Originalanalyse erneut und zeigt Unterstützung für eine alternative Konzeptionalisierung. Unter den diskutierten methodologischen Aspekten befinden sich die Wiederherstellung des Kontextes der originären Feldarbeit sowie die Rolle der Sekundäranalyse innerhalb eines kumulativen Ansatzes von Wissensproduktion.' (Autorenreferat)'Qualitative data offer rich insights into the social world, whether alone or in tandem with statistical analysis. However, qualitative data are costly to collect and analyse. Moreover, it is a commonplace that only a portion of the data so labouriously collected is the subject of final analysis and publication. Secondary analysis is a well-established method in quantitative research and is raising its profile in application to qualitative data. It has a particular part to play when research is on sensitive topics and/or hard-to-reach populations, as in the example considered here. This article contributes to discussion of the potential and constraints of secondary analysis of qualitative data by reporting the outcome of the secondary analysis of a key study in the sociology of prison life, Cohen and Taylor's research on the long-term imprisonment of men in maximum security. The article re-visits Cohen and Taylor's original analysis and demonstrates support for an alternative, if complementary, conceptualisation, using archived data from the original study. Among the methodological issues discussed are the recovery of the context of the original fieldwork and the role of secondary analysis in an incremental approach to knowledge production.' (author's abstract)

IQuaD dental trial; improving the quality of dentistry : a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing oral hygiene advice and periodontal instrumentation for the prevention and management of periodontal disease in dentate adults attending dental primary care

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

"Nested" cryptic diversity in a widespread marine ecosystem engineer: a challenge for detecting biological invasions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ecosystem engineers facilitate habitat formation and enhance biodiversity, but when they become invasive, they present a critical threat to native communities because they can drastically alter the receiving habitat. Management of such species thus needs to be a priority, but the poorly resolved taxonomy of many ecosystem engineers represents a major obstacle to correctly identifying them as being either native or introduced. We address this dilemma by studying the sea squirt <it>Pyura stolonifera</it>, an important ecosystem engineer that dominates coastal communities particularly in the southern hemisphere. Using DNA sequence data from four independently evolving loci, we aimed to determine levels of cryptic diversity, the invasive or native status of each regional population, and the most appropriate sampling design for identifying the geographic ranges of each evolutionary unit.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Extensive sampling in Africa, Australasia and South America revealed the existence of "nested" levels of cryptic diversity, in which at least five distinct species can be further subdivided into smaller-scale genetic lineages. The ranges of several evolutionary units are limited by well-documented biogeographic disjunctions. Evidence for both cryptic native diversity and the existence of invasive populations allows us to considerably refine our view of the native versus introduced status of the evolutionary units within <it>Pyura stolonifera </it>in the different coastal communities they dominate.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study illustrates the degree of taxonomic complexity that can exist within widespread species for which there is little taxonomic expertise, and it highlights the challenges involved in distinguishing between indigenous and introduced populations. The fact that multiple genetic lineages can be native to a single geographic region indicates that it is imperative to obtain samples from as many different habitat types and biotic zones as possible when attempting to identify the source region of a putative invader. "Nested" cryptic diversity, and the difficulties in correctly identifying invasive species that arise from it, represent a major challenge for managing biodiversity.</p

Grid Computing and Qualitative Social Science

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The SAGE handbook of online research methods

This best-selling handbook has been brought fully up-to-date with coverage of recent developments in the field including social media, big data, data visualization and CAQDAS

Negotiating nothing : police decision-making in disputes/ Kemp

vii, 157 hal.; ill.; 24 cm