Нарушение репродуктивной функции при простатите/синдроме хронической тазовой боли

Показано, что нелеченное хроническое воспаление предстательной железы приводит к нарушению показателей спермограммы и в ряде случаев к бесплодию при нормальном развитии половых желез и достаточном гормональном обеспечении организма. Бактерии, вирусы, лейкоциты, свободные радикалы, цитокины, иммунологические изменения и обструкция семявыводящих путей при простате являются кофакторами в развитии бесплодия.It is shown that untreated chronic inflammation of the prostate gland causes disturbances of spermogram count and strility in a number of cases at normal development of sex glands and sufficient hormone supply of the organism. Bacteria, viruses, leukocytes, free radicals, cytokines, immunological changes and obstruction of the deferent ducts in prostatitis are co−factors of sterility development

Визначення вальпроєвої кислоти у крові методом реакційної високоефективної рідинної хроматографії

Здійснена взаємодія вальпроєвої кислоти з 3-(2'-бромацетил)-7-метоксикумарином і розроблено її визначення у крові методом реакційної високоефективної рідинної хроматографії. Вивчений вплив різних методів депротоїнізації на вивільнення вальпроєвої кислоти та оптимізовані умови пробопідготовки.Осуществлено взаимодействие вальпроевой кислоты с 3-(2'-бромацетил)-7-метоксикумарином и разработано ее определение в крови методом реакционной высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Изучено влияние различных методов депротеинизации на выходы вальпроевой кислоты и оптимизированы условия пробоподготовки.The interaction of the valproic acid with 3-(2'-bromoacetyl)-7-methoxicoumarin has been carried out and its determination in blood by the reaction high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed. The influence of various methods of deproteinization on the yields of the valproic acid has been studied and the conditions of the sample preparing has been optimized

Комбинированные гестаген/эстрогенные препараты в лечении гиперандрогении

Рассмотрены биохимические механизмы действия гестаген/эстрогенных препаратов при лечении синдрома гиперандрогении. Описаны преимущества комбинации дроспиренона с этинидэстрадиолом для лечения акне, себореи и гирсутизма у женщин, одновременно нуждающихся в контрацепции.The biochemical mechanisms of action of gestagen/estrogen drugs in treatment for syndrome of hyperandrogeny are featured. The advantages of Drospirenon and Etinidestradiol combination in treatment of acne, seborrhea and hirsutism in women simultaneously requiring contraception are described

Problematic placebos in physical therapy trials

The placebo controlled, randomised controlled trial is widely recognised as the gold standard design for providing evidence in health care. Yet controversies surrounding placebos persist, which include issues regarding ethics, legality, mechanisms, and even whether there should be such a thing as placebo at all. Here, we intend to highlight some of the difficulties in the design and use of placebo controls within physical therapy trials. Unlike placebo tablets, which can be constructed simply by removing the active or‘characteristic’ingredient, physical therapy treatments are often more complex, with many active features that cannot be easily separated. Based on the challenges of isolating the characteristic feature(s) of treatments, we explore the problem with constructing placebos in trials of physical therapies, drawing on philosophy of science as a basis for defining what a placebo is and is not. After pointing out common problems, we outline potential solutions using alternative designs that allow trials to remain rigorous, while at the same time avoiding the pitfalls introduced when using inadequate placebos

Leaping the hurdles in developing regenerative treatments for the intervertebral disc from preclinical to clinical

Chronic back and neck pain is a prevalent disability, often caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc. Because current treatments for this condition are less than satisfactory, a great deal of effort is being applied to develop new solutions, including regenerative strategies. However, the path from initial promising idea to clinical use is frought with many hurdles to overcome. Many of the keys to success are not necessarily linked to science or innovation. Successful translation to clinic will also rely on planning and awareness of the hurdles. It will be essential to plan your entire path to clinic from the outset and to do this with a multidisciplinary team. Take advise early on regulatory aspects and focus on generating the proof required to satisfy regulatory approval. Scientific demonstration and societal benefits are important, but translation cannot occur without involving commercial parties, which are instrumental to support expensive clinical trials. This will only be possible when intellectual property can be protected sufficiently to support a business model. In this manner, commercial, societal, medical, and scientific partners can work together to ultimately improve patient health. Based on literature surveys and experiences of the co‐authors, this opinion paper presents this pathway, highlights the most prominent issues and hopefully will aid in your own transational endeavors

The ethics of bringing Regenerative Medicine to patients: the example of orthopedics

The translation of Regenerative medicine (RM) technologies, such as cell-based interventions, biomaterials, and tissue engineering, to patients is increasingly considered. RM is an umbrella term for the research and clinical applications that share the scientific aspiration to restore the original function of damaged or diseased tissue by stimulating the body’s own repair. In order to guarantee responsible research and innovation, this thesis systematically identifies and analyzes the ethical challenges involved in the translation into clinical trials and society. The field of orthopedics is used as an exemplary case since this field is at the front row of RM research. The scope of indications for RM in orthopedics is large and diverse, extending from interventions for degenerative disorders, such as osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc disease, to interventions for (traumatic) defects, such as bone, meniscal and cartilage defects. While the field of orthopedics, but also the cardiovascular field, are used as an example, this thesis is relevant for other medical domains as well. One of the main findings of this thesis is that conducting early orthopedic RM clinical trials is challenging both due the climate of high expectations in which RM trials need to be conducted as well as due to concrete ethical challenges. These ethical challenges concern the assessment of risks and benefits; designing a study in terms of outcome measures and comparators; and participant selection. These are no different from “traditional” drug trials, although RM technologies place those challenges in a new context. Furthermore, this thesis shows that similar ethical challenges appeared to arise in cardiovascular RM trials, as in orthopedic RM trials. Nevertheless, these patient populations and the accompanying RM interventions also differ and therefore give a specific twist to some of these challenges. Furthermore, this thesis shows how the translation of RM technologies can be accompanied with ethics research. This so-called parallel ethics research allows ethicists to influence the technology development and thereby stimulate responsible translation of RM technologies. To assure responsible research, anticipation and reflection is required on both the ethical challenges in the design of clinical trials as well as the societal impacts of the technology. This complies with the constructivist view on science and society that technology development is influenced by other factors than purely scientific aspects.For assessment of these societal impacts it is essential to involve experts but also the public. In other words, dialogue between stakeholders including technology developers, physicians, ethicists, funders, patient (organizations), and the public, should be established in an early stage of technology development to allow responsible research and innovation of RM technologies. In turn, it allows the public to be better prepared for the technology, and in this way the public will be less surprised by the impact it may have on personal lives and on society as a whole

Humanitarian Flight Optimization

Humanitarian organisations have a goal to help people in need by providing help in all kinds of ways.Supplies and humanitarian workers have to be transported to every place where support is required. Even remote locations, where transport over conventional roads might be impossible, have to be accessible. Aviation is the solution for these areas. UNHAS (United Nations Humanitarian Air Service) provides passenger and cargo transport for the humanitarian community. A logistic problem arises when passengers have to be transported to multiple destinations with multiple aircraft. The goal of the research is to improve the routing and scheduling operations of humanitarian air services by means of a scheduling model. By implementing the Humanitarian Flight Optimization Model, the efficiency and effectiveness of the daily routing can be increased while giving an insight in what the impact of different routings can be on the total flight schedule.Aerospace Engineerin