1,468 research outputs found
Law Behind Second Law of Thermodynamics --Unification with Cosmology--
In an abstract setting of a general classical mechanical system as a model
for the universe we set up a general formalism for a law behind the second law
of thermodynamics, i.e. really for "initial conditions". We propose a
unification with the other laws by requiring similar symmetry and locality
properties.Comment: 17 page
An efficient quantum circuit analyser on qubits and qudits
This paper presents a highly efficient decomposition scheme and its
associated Mathematica notebook for the analysis of complicated quantum
circuits comprised of single/multiple qubit and qudit quantum gates. In
particular, this scheme reduces the evaluation of multiple unitary gate
operations with many conditionals to just two matrix additions, regardless of
the number of conditionals or gate dimensions. This improves significantly the
capability of a quantum circuit analyser implemented in a classical computer.
This is also the first efficient quantum circuit analyser to include qudit
quantum logic gates
Chiral Magnetic Effect on the Lattice
We review recent progress on the lattice simulations of the chiral magnetic
effect. There are two different approaches to analyze the chiral magnetic
effect on the lattice. In one approach, the charge density distribution or the
current fluctuation is measured under a topological background of the gluon
field. In the other approach, the topological effect is mimicked by the chiral
chemical potential, and the induced current is directly measured. Both
approaches are now developing toward the exact analysis of the chiral magnetic
effect.Comment: to appear in Lect. Notes Phys. "Strongly interacting matter in
magnetic fields" (Springer), edited by D. Kharzeev, K. Landsteiner, A.
Schmitt, H.-U. Ye
The tensor reduction and master integrals of the two-loop massless crossed box with light-like legs
The class of the two-loop massless crossed boxes, with light-like external
legs, is the final unresolved issue in the program of computing the scattering
amplitudes of 2 --> 2 massless particles at next-to-next-to-leading order.
In this paper, we describe an algorithm for the tensor reduction of such
diagrams. After connecting tensor integrals to scalar ones with arbitrary
powers of propagators in higher dimensions, we derive recurrence relations from
integration-by-parts and Lorentz-invariance identities, that allow us to write
the scalar integrals as a combination of two master crossed boxes plus
simpler-topology diagrams.
We derive the system of differential equations that the two master integrals
satisfy using two different methods, and we use one of these equations to
express the second master integral as a function of the first one, already
known in the literature. We then give the analytic expansion of the second
master integral as a function of epsilon=(4-D)/2, where D is the space-time
dimension, up to order O(epsilon^0).Comment: 30 pages, 5 figure
Hyperpigmentation of hard palate induced by chloroquine therapy
The antimalarials are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for conditions such as lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and the side effects, though infrequent, are well known. The antimalarial agent chloroquine diphosphate usually causes pigmentary changes in the oral mucosa characterized by a bluish-grey to black discolorations mainly in the hard palate. Considering only the hard palate hyperpigmentation caused by chloroquine, to the best of our knowledge, only 13 cases have been reported in the English language literature. We described an additional case of palate hyperpigmentation related to the chronic use of chloroquine diphosphate in a 60-year-old Mexican woman. Although the diagnosis is usually made based on medication history and clinical presentation, a biopsy specimen may be helpful to confirm the diagnosis. Clinicians must be aware of these drugs and their adverse effects in order to make the correct diagnosis and decide on the optimal treatment for the condition
Simulation of the stochastic wave loads using a physical modeling approach
In analyzing stochastic dynamic systems, analysis of the system uncertainty due to randomness in the loads plays a crucial role. Typically time series of the stochastic loads are simulated using traditional random phase method. This approach combined with fast Fourier transform algorithm makes an efficient way of simulating realizations of the stochastic load processes. However it requires many random variables, i.e. in the order of magnitude of 1000, to be included in the load model. Unfortunately having too many random variables in the problem makes considerable difficulties in analyzing system reliability or its uncertainty. Moreover applicability of the probability density evolution method on engineering problems faces critical difficulties when the system embeds too many random variables. Hence it is useful to devise a method which can make realization of the stochastic load processes with low, say less than 20, number of random variables. In this article we introduce an approach, so-called "physical modeling of stochastic processes", and show its applicability for simulation of the wave surface elevation.</jats:p
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