2,777 research outputs found
Towards a Unified Quark-Hadron Matter Equation of State for Applications in Astrophysics and Heavy-Ion Collisions
We outline an approach to a unified equation of state for quark-hadron matter
on the basis of a derivable approach to the generalized Beth-Uhlenbeck
equation of state for a cluster decomposition of thermodynamic quantities like
the density. To this end we summarize the cluster virial expansion for nuclear
matter and demonstrate the equivalence of the Green's function approach and the
derivable formulation. For an example, the formation and dissociation of
deuterons in nuclear matter is discussed. We formulate the cluster
derivable approach to quark-hadron matter which allows to take into
account the specifics of chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement in
triggering the Mott-dissociation of hadrons. This approach unifies the
description of a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma with that of a
medium-modified hadron resonance gas description which are contained as
limiting cases. The developed formalism shall replace the common two-phase
approach to the description of the deconfinement and chiral phase transition
that requires a phase transition construction between separately developed
equations of state for hadronic and quark matter phases. Applications to the
phenomenology of heavy-ion collisions and astrophysics are outlined.Comment: 35 pages, 3 figures, Special Issue "Compact Stars in the QCD Phase
Diagram
Strange matter prospects within the string-flip model
In this contribution we extend the recently developed two-flavor quark-matter
string-flip model by including strange quarks. We discuss implications for
compact stars.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, proceedings to SQM201
Vector-Interaction-Enhanced Bag Model
A commonly applied quark matter model in astrophysics is the thermodynamic
bag model (tdBAG). The original MIT bag model approximates the effect of quark
confinement, but does not explicitly account for the breaking of chiral
symmetry, an important property of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). It further
ignores vector repulsion. The vector-interaction-enhanced bag model (vBag)
improves the tdBAG approach by accounting for both dynamical chiral symmetry
breaking and repulsive vector interactions. The latter is of particular
importance to studies of dense matter in beta-equilibriumto explain the two
solar mass maximum mass constraint for neutron stars. The model is motivated by
analyses of QCD based Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSE), assuming a simple
quark-quark contact interaction. Here, we focus on the study of hybrid neutron
star properties resulting from the application of vBag and will discuss
possible extensions.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, conference proceedings of CSQCD
Influence of roads on space use by European hares in different landscapes
© The Author(s) 2022Context Roads are ubiquitous in human inhabited landscapes, and can impact animal movement and population dynamics, due to barrier effects, road mortality, but also by providing resources at road verges. Thus, we need a better understanding of how roads, in interaction with seasonal changes in habitat structure, affect space use and habitat selection of the animals that persist in these landscapes. Objectives Here, we used the European hare (Lepus europaeus) as model species to investigate how human-induced changes in landscape compositionâmeasured as road density, land cover type, and field sizeâaffect home range location, seasonal habitat selection and road crossings, which are likely to correlate with wildlife-vehicle collision risk. Methods We collectedâ>â240,000 GPS positions of 90 hares from three populations (one in Denmark and two in Germany) that differed regarding agricultural intensification and road density. Using this data, we analyzed home range location and habitat selection (using step-selection functions) in relation to roads, habitat composition, and seasonality, and quantified how these factors affected road crossings by hares. Results In comparatively more heterogeneous landscapes, hares established home ranges in areas with lower road densities compared to the surrounding area, but not in more simple landscapes. Moreover, hares generally avoided main roads and selected for minor roads during the vegetation growth seasons, especially in areas with comparatively less heterogeneous habitat structure. Hares crossed more main roads when moving greater distances, with movement distances being comparatively larger in simpler landscapes. Conclusions Our findings emphasize that it is important to distinguish between road types, as different roads can have different impacts on animals (e.g., small roads providing foraging opportunities via roadside vegetation and large roads being avoided). Moreover, animals in comparatively more heterogeneous landscapes are better able to adjust their habitat selection to avoid main roads than animals inhabiting simpler landscapes. More generally, homogenous landscapes increase the space use requirements of animals, leading to increased probability of road crossings, which in turn might affect population dynamics via increased road mortality risk.publishedVersio
Circulation and Variability in the Tropical Atlantic, METEOR-Bericht Cruise No. 68, Leg 2 from Recife, Brazil to Mindelo, Cape Verde June 6 to July 9, 2006
The Hole in the Stomach
A 57 year old woman was presented to the emergency department with upper abdominal pain and left sided chest discomfort. No cardiac or pulmonary cause could be determined and the patient underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Inversion of the scope to the fundus and subsequent fluoroscopy revealed a diaphragmatic hernia with a large herniation of the gastric fundus. Immediate laparotomy showed a 3âcm orifice of the diaphragm. The orifice was widened and a partial necrosis of the incarcerated fundus was resected. The patient recovered fully and was discharged 12 days after laparotomy
Contact resistance of quantum tubes
We consider the conductance of a quantum tube connected to a metallic
contact. The number of angular momentum states that the tube can support
depends on the strength of the radial confinement. We calculate the
transmission coefficients which yield the conductance via the Landauer formula.
We relate our results to armchair carbon nanotubes embedded in a metal. For Al
and Au contacts and tubes with a realistic radial confinement we find that the
transmission can be close to unity corresponding to a contact resistance close
to h/2e^2 per band at the Fermi level in the carbon nanotube.Comment: 13 pages including 5 figures. Accepted for publication in
Superlattices and Microstructures. (stylefile included
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