Glass Ceiling to Sticky Floor: Analogies of Women Leadership

Purpose: This study intended to investigate the issues associated with the rise of women to senior leadership positions. There have been diverse metaphors or analogies used to describe these barriers. The purpose of the study was to review the major barriers that restricted the growth of woman at senior leadership positions.    Theoretical framework: Women leadership has been an area of discussion since women started holding powerful positions in the corporate and to do so they face enormous challenges. There have been diverse metaphors used to describe these barriers. These metaphors viz. Glass ceiling, Glass cliff, Queen Bee and Sticky floor shall be considered as major barriers that restrict women to be at top position. (Smith, Caputi, & Crittenden, 2012)   Design/Methodology/Approach: The study reviewed the different metaphors viz. Glass ceiling, Glass cliff, Queen Bee, Sticky floor and other analogies used to describe the women in power.  The study also described various issues and challenges related to woman leadership.   Findings: There is a lack of awareness amongst corporate leaders regarding the diverse metaphors used for women leadership and which also means that they are knowingly or unknowingly enhancing the hurdles for women at their workplaces. These challenges and situations exist around us, but people are not vigilant and are reluctant to take efforts to tackle or overcome these barriers for women.   Research, Practical and Social implications: This research suggests that there is a strong urge to sensitize our corporate leaders regarding these widely used metaphors and reasons for using them, especially in a country like India. Here gender discrimination happens right from the birth of a child and continues throughout life.   Originality/Value: The research contributed to describing the various issues and challenges related to women leadership. The study adds value by presenting the review of the major barriers that restricted the growth of women at senior leadership positions. The analogies express the role and intention of women to hold the strong position they acquire. Research reviewed articles related to analogies used for women leadership in different scenarios at the workplace/organization

Physio-Anatomical consideration of Upsneha & Upsweda with special reference to Garbh Poshan in Ayurveda - A Review

The science of Garbha Vyakaran has been always a subject of great interest for the persons devoted to it. The matter related to the concept of Garbha Vyakaran is systematically described in Ayurvedic literature. Nutrition of embryo mainly concerned with the mechanism involved in both the parts of mother and foetus to meet the requirements for growth and development during intra-uterine life. According to Ayurveda, it is the cessation of menses during pregnancy which affects the mammary glands of the breast and causes lactation for the post-natal feeding of the baby. Apart from the concept of nutritional supply through placenta which is well established in modern science, the relationship in between the changes occurring in the mother and in their body organs, have been tried to explain in the light of present knowledge

An Intelligent Framework for Estimating Software Development Projects using Machine Learning

The IT industry has faced many challenges related to software effort and cost estimation. A cost assessment is conducted after software effort estimation, which benefits customers as well as developers. The purpose of this paper is to discuss various methods for the estimation of software effort and cost in the context of software engineering, such as algorithmic methods, expert judgment methods, analogy-based estimation methods, and machine learning methods, as well as their different aspects. In spite of this, estimation of the effort involved in software development are subject to uncertainty. Several methods have been developed in the literature for improving estimation accuracy, many of which involve the use of machine learning techniques. A machine learning framework is proposed in this paper to address this challenging problem. In addition to being completely independent of algorithmic models and estimation problems, this framework also features a modular architecture. It has high interpretability, learning capability, and robustness to imprecise and uncertain inputs

Open government data (OGD) and energy resources in India : policy brief

In the energy resource sector physical and monetary data are easier to obtain and access compared to environmental and social data. The study focuses on the coal, and oil and gas sectors in India. It examines issues of users in access to data, and of government agencies in providing data. The study also explores how related governance deficits can be managed with improved data availability. The policy brief incorporates major milestone events in access to information and data in India such as The National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy, 2012 (NDSAP). Accessing and using data is still problematic

Open government data for regulation of energy resources in India

Resource rich states are susceptible to governance failures; despite rich resources the poor often do not benefit, whereas companies and governments do. The most important instrument for opening up government data in India is the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP) of 2012. This report traces legal instruments and institutional frameworks for open data policy as applied to improved governance of the energy sector. Open Government is particularly relevant for the energy industry in India as the public sector accounts for the major portion of production. Concerns have been raised regarding insufficient information on winning bids and final contracts

In Vitro Antiacne and Antidandruff activity of extracted stigmasterol from seed waste of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

The present study deals with extraction of saponins and their characterization from the seed wastes of safflower. The presence of stigmasterol in the extracted safflower seed waste (S.W.S) was confirmed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), followed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) on the basis of its peak compared with stigmasterol standard. FTIR showed the identical functional groups of butanolic extract of SSW with standard while TLC and HPLC showed their notable peak and retention time with the same. Further in-vitro antiacne and antidandruff microbial activity of extracted stigmasterol was confirmed by disc diffusion method. This preliminary study has exhibited anti-acne and anti dandruff potential of Safflower seed waste extract, in future which could be used in therapies and cosmetic applications

PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D/B12 DEFICIENCY AMONG URBAN POPULATIONS COMPLAINING PAIN OF LOWER LIMB AND GENERALIZE WEAKNESS

Objective: The current study was carried out to assess the prevalence of vitamin D/B12 deficiency among urban populations complaining pain oflower limb and generalize weakness.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 188 men and women of different age who attended private tertiary care hospital forthe complaint of pain in lower limb and have generalize weakness. A brief questionnaire was designed to obtain the information such as age, type ofdiet, outdoor physical exercise and intake of alcohol or smoke. Blood samples were collected for vitamin D and B12 analysis.Results: The majority (57.4%) of the participants had vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (< 20 ng/ml) and 48.4 % of subjects had vitamin B12deficiency (< 198 pg/ml). In our results the prevalence of both vitamin D/B12 deficiencies appears to increase with the age. Risk factors such as age,diet and smoke (cigarette consumption) were significantly associated with vitamin D/B12 deficiency (p=0.001). Unlike vitamin B12, outdoor physicalexercise was significantly associated with vitamin D status (p=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study report high prevalence of vitamin D/B12 deficiencies among urban populations complaining pain of lower limband have generalize weakness. A vegetarian diet, cigarette smoking seems a strong risk factor for vitamin D/B12 deficiencies. Our study emphasizesthe need of regular monitoring of these two micronutrient status so that appropriate intervention programs can be implemented to address thisproblemKeywords: Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, India

Antioxidative properties of isolated saponins of Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. fil ex Gray and SEM studies of synthesized green nanoparticles for acne management

Acne is one of the most common and chronic skin problems in most adolescents and young adults due to several internal and external factors. The present study emphasizes on screening of high antioxidant potential of wild sunflower for acne therapy, as it also plays a major role in the patho-physiology of acne. The anti-oxidant potential of extracted plant compounds was carried out by using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In recent years, scientists have been involved in the application of green nanoparticle synthesis. Further synthesized green nanoparticles were checked for antiacne potential. Isolated saponins and their synthesized nonolparticles would play an important role to control the acne

EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES OF VITAMIN D AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS SUNLIGHT AMONG INDIAN STUDENTS

ABSTRACTObjective: The current study was carried out to assess the knowledge, practice of Vitamin D and attitudes toward sunlight exposure among Indianstudents.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on students, studying in Amity University, Noida, India. A pre-designed and self-administeredquestionnaire was given to all students to collect the information regarding their knowledge about Vitamin D.Results: Almost all (99.5%) students had heard of Vitamin D. The majority of students (53.3%) indicated that sunlight as the main source of Vitamin D,however, knowledge in terms of required daily dose and time in the sun were low among students. Despite having awareness regarding the mainsource of Vitamin D, 64.2% students did not like going in the sun and percentage (%) of female students who disliked being exposed in the sun weresignificantly higher (71.1% and 51.6%, respectively; p=0.000). Moreover, female students were a frequent user of sunscreen, applied sunscreen inboth summer and winter seasons (47.2% females vs. 37% males; p=0.000). No significant associations were found for the factors, associated with theknowledge of Vitamin D such as the use of sunscreen and hours per day outdoor.Conclusion: The findings of this survey show a lack of consistency between knowledge and attitude, negative approach toward sunlight exposuremay severely affect the Vitamin D status of young students. Implementing awareness campaigns and future health programs such as a workshop ortraining at the college level may help in building more awareness and knowledge about the Vitamin D importance.Keywords: Vitamin D, Sun exposure, Knowledge.Â