In berry distribution and extraction of thiol precursors in Gew\ufcrztraminer.

The so-called varietal thiols are an interesting technological class of compounds that contributes to the "tropical" notes of wine. The factors governing the formation of their precursors and the conversion to the corresponding free forms are still discussed (Thibon et al. 2016) but, technologically speaking, the precursor availability is a prerequisite. Several data are present in the literature regarding Sauvignon Blanc (SB), while fewer deal with Gew\ufcrztraminer (GWT; Dubordieu and Tominaga 2009; Roland 2010a & b; Concejero et al., 2014), a variety native to Tramin, in South-Tyrol (Italy). For this reason, we investigated the concentration of 3-S-glutathionylhexan-1-ol (GSH-3MH) and 3-S-cysteinylhexan-1-ol (Cys-3MH) in GWT as regards: (1) the distribution between marks and juice in samples processed at a semi-industrial scale, in comparison with SB samples having similar \ub0Brix and pressing yield; (2) the effect of pre-fermentation skin-contact protocols, also used along with commercial enzymes to favour extractions from skin; (3) the fractioning during pressing on industrial-scale. Thiol precursors were analysed according to Larcher et al. (2013). GWT skins are characterised by a higher content in precursors compared to SB\u2019s at the same pressing yield, while this difference is turned upside down in juice. Pre-fermentation skin-contact significantly increased thiol precursors' concentration while the impact of the enzymes was not significant. Around 30% of total precursors are contained in the pressing fraction corresponding to the final 5% of the juice

Varietal thiol precursors in Gew\ufcrztraminer: effect of clone and grape ripening.

Much research has been carried out since the discovery of glutathionyl- (GSH-) and cysteinyl (Cys-) precursors of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH) in grapes and juices (Tominaga et al.,1998; Peyrot des Gachons et al., 2002) in order to understand the origin of these precursors and optimize the technological options useful to liberate and maintain the free forms and the related fermentative compounds characterised by interesting tropical, passion fruit and grapefruit-like aroma. As few data are available about the role of these precursors in the case of Gew\ufcrztraminer (GWT; Roland Dubordieu and Tominaga 2009; Roland et al., 2010a & b; Concejero et al., 2014), an international variety native to Tramin (South-Tyrol, Italy) we investigated the effect of clone and ripening in grape samples of GWT grown in Trentino (Italy). The juices of 7 GWT clones - ISMA-AVIT 904, 906, 916, 918 and 920R, as well as LB14 and 1101 - grown in 4 plots and harvested at the technological ripeness allowed by the very hot 2015 vintage were analysed. Moreover, GWT grapes from 6 different non-clonal vineyards sited at a altitude between 120 and 525 m a.s.l. in Trentino were analysed during the last month before harvest. Thiol precursors were measured using an UHPLC approach with triple quadrupole mass detection according Larcher et al., (2013). Significant differences were found between clones as regards thiol precursors concentration in 2015 grape, the 906 and 920R clones showing a higher molar concentration of the sum of GSH-3MH and Cys-3MH compared to 916. A clear and statistically significant increasing trend during ripening was observed for the cited precursors, confirming for GWT previous results observed by Kobayashi et al (2010) for Koshu

Aprender jugando con el juego de la vaca: extensión en escuelas rurales del partido de Tandil

Partiendo de reconocer que existen distintas problemáticas ambientales en torno a las prácticas ganaderas y que es necesario comenzar a trabajar el tema desde las edades más tempranas, se elaboró el Juego de la Vaca, un juego de mesa que ha ido evolucionando en su propuesta lúdica, pero manteniendo el objetivo fundamental que los alumnos aprendan jugando. Para ello, se lo puso en práctica en 2012, 2014 y 2015, bajo distintos modelos de juego de mesa en 5 escuelas rurales del Partido de Tandil, alcanzando alrededor de 200 estudiantes. Se logró por medio del mismo despertar el interés de alumnos y docentes por la problemática ganadera en relación al cuidado del ambiente, y colaborar en los proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje.There are different environmental problems related to farming processes which are necessarily to start developing from early learning stages. In this sense, we elaborated a board game called “Cow game”, which has been evolving/improving in its ludic proposal, always keeping the fundamental objective of learning by playing. This proposal has been performed during 2012, 2014 and 2015, with different board game models, in 5 different rural schools of Tandil District, reaching about 200 students. This project allowed children and teachers to get interested in environmental care and farming impacts and also collaborate in the learning/teaching process

La tecnologia ad ultrasuoni per il trattamento del pigiato di uve bianche

La tecnologia ad ultrasuoni, che trova diverse applicazioni nel settore alimentare e delle bevande, non \ue8 ancora stata introdotta nel settore enologico anche se sono parecchi gli studi di laboratorio relativi agli effetti su alcune fasi di processo della filiera vino. Solo a luglio 2019 la tecnologia ad Ultrasuoni \ue8 stata inserita dall\u2019OIV tra le pratiche ammesse nel trattamento dell\u2019uva pigiata e diraspata. Grazie all\u2019esperienza acquisita e agli interessanti risultati che riguardano la mecerazione delle uve rosse sono state realizzate numerose ricerche preliminari sul trattamento del pigiato di uve bianche, al fine di valutare l\u2019ipotesi di utilizzare gli ultrasuoni in questa delicata fase di lavorazione delle uve bianche aromatiche. Le esperienze di laboratorio e di cantina hanno consentito di verificare che il breve trattamento con ultrasuoni pu\uf2 sostituire integralmente la macerazione che si effettua per le uve bianche. Risulta interessante l\u2019effetto del tempo di trattamento sull\u2019estrazione dei componenti, tuttavia questa variabile dovr\ue0 essere gestita assieme all\u2019amplitudine nell\u2019impianto tecnologico al fine di poter garantire l\u2019estrazione dei componenti desiderati in funzione della maturit\ue0 dell\u2019uva e dell\u2019obiettivo enologico. Anche se non statisticamente significativi, gli incrementi in precursori e nella gradevolezza olfattiva evidenziano il positivo effetto del trattamento con ultrasuoni e confermano la possibilit\ue0 di sostituire integralmente la tradizionale macerazione effettuata nelle cantine sulle uve bianche aromatiche. In linea generale il trattamento con ultrasuoni consente di limitare i costi di produzione e di limitare anche eventuali trattamenti enzimatici estrattivi sul pigiato. Anche a livello energetico i consumi risultano molto limitati rispetto ad esempio a macerazioni a freddo spesso utilizzate in cantina per la macerazione delle uve bianche

Mandibular torus as a new index of success for mandibular advancement devices

Background: In obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), treatment with mandibular advancement devices (MADs) reduces patients' Apnoea-Hypopnoea index (AHI) scores and improves their sleepiness and quality of life. MADs are non-invasive alternatives for patients who cannot tolerate traditional continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The variability of responses to these devices makes it necessary to search for predictors of success. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of mandibular torus as a predictor of MAD efficacy in OSA and to identify other potential cephalometric factors that could influence the response to treatment. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. The study included 103 patients diagnosed of OSA who met the criteria for initiation of treatment with MAD. Structural variables were collected (cephalometric and the presence or absence of mandibular torus). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the existence of predictive factors for the efficacy of MADs. Results: A total of 103 patients who were consecutively referred for treatment with MAD were included (89.3% men); the mean age of the participants was 46.3 years, and the mean AHI before MAD was 31.4 (SD 16.2) and post- MAD 11.3 (SD 9.2). Thirty-three percent of patients had mandibular torus. Torus was associated with a better response (odds ratio (OR) = 2.854 (p = 0.035)) after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), the angle formed by the occlusal plane to the sella?nasion plane (OCC plane to SN), overinjection, and smoking. No cephalometric predictors of efficacy were found that were predictive of MAD treatment success. Conclusions: The presence of a mandibular torus practically triples the probability of MAD success. This is the simplest examination with the greatest benefits in terms of the efficacy of MAD treatment for OSA

PRECURSORI DEI TIOLI VARIETALI DURANTE LA MATURAZIONE E LA PRESSATURA DELLE UVE DEL TRAMINER AROMATICO

Gli autori riportano l'evoluzione, in crescita in prossimit\ue0 della raccolta tecnologica indipendentemente dalle condizioni climatiche dell'annata, del glutationil- e del cisteinil-3-mercaptoesanolo, precursori dei tioli varietali. Ne riportano, inoltre, la concentrazione nelle diverse frazioni di pressatura. Tali precursori sono responsabili, previa fermentazione con adeguati ceppi di lievito, di note tropicali-agrumate che contribuiscono alla tipicit\ue0 del Traminer. Bench\ue9 il Traminer aromatico o Gew\ufcrztraminer (GWT) sia una variet\ue0 internazionale nota per l'elevata aromaticit\ue0 di origine terpenica riconducibile - a livello di uva - principalmente a geraniolo, citronellolo, nerolo e ossido di rosa, altre molecole varietali sono state riportate pi\uf9 recentemente fra quelle in grado di rivestire un ruolo tecnologico operativo. \uc8 il caso specificatamente dei cosiddetti tioli varietali e dei loro precursori, presenti questi ultimi nelle uve come risultante di diverse vie biosintetiche e/o tecnogeniche. Non \ue8 certamente questa la sede per una disanima di tali vie di formazione, vale per\uf2 la pena ricordare almeno che: \u2022 i principali, bench\ue9 non esclusivi, precursori sono il glutationil-3-mercaptoesanolo (GSH-3MH) e il cisteinil-3-mercaptoesanolo (Cys-3MH) (Dubordieu e Tominaga 2009; Roland et al. 2010 a, b; Concejero et al. 2014; Rom\ue1n Villegas et al. 2016; Nicolini et al. 2019) e che: \u2022 il manifestarsi delle interessanti note da frutta tropicale, frutto della passione e pompelmo passa attraverso la liberazione dei sopraccitati precursori dalla componente azotata e la successiva acetilazione fermentativa del 3-mercaptesanolo ad acetato di mercaptoesile, avendo come risultante, nei vini GWT, un apprezzato incremento della tipicit\ue0 (Rom\ue1n et al. 2018). In questa breve nota gli autori intendono presentare l'evoluzione dei precursori tiolici del 3-mercaptoesanolo durante la maturazione delle uve Traminer aromatico, cos\uec come osservata in Trentino Alto- Adige in due annate, il 2014 e il 2018, molto differenti dal punto di vista climatico e produttivo; il 2014 \ue8 stato infatti caratterizzato da temperature particolarmente fredde e significativa piovosit\ue0, mentre il 2018 da ben pi\uf9 favorevoli condizioni di clima e piovosit\ue0, associate per\uf2 a livelli di produzione decisamente elevati (Bottura 2015, 2019)

Ganadería y ambiente: una experiencia de trabajo con escuelas rurales de Tandil

Con el objetivo de dar a conocer los impactos ambientales de la ganadería y en particular de su emisión de metano, un gas con efecto invernadero, se trabajó durante tres años con alumnos de cinco escuelas primarias del medio rural en Tandil. Se hizo un trabajo preparativo con las maestras, y luego las presentaciones de los temas, una visita al campus universitario, y por último un juego de mesa para discutir y afianzar los contenidos. Se logró un cambio en la percepción de los chicos sobre la posibilidad de que los bovinos afecten el ambiente, sobre las posibles causas del cambio climático, y sobre la necesidad de pensar en estrategias para la adaptación y mitigación en los sistemas ganaderos.In order to make the environmental impact of livestock known and, particularly, methane emission as a greenhouse gas, we worked along three years with students from five elementary schools in rural areas of Tandil. The process consisted in preparatory works with teachers as a start point, then the topic presentation to the students, a visit to the University Campus and, finally, a grupal board game to discuss and consolidate contents. A change was achieved in children´s perception about the possibility that cattle affects the environment, on possible causes of climate change and in the need to think strategies for adaptation and mitigation in livestock systems.Relato de experiencias del desarrollo de proyectos de extensió

Prescription appropriateness of anti-diabetes drugs in elderly patients hospitalized in a clinical setting: evidence from the REPOSI Register

Diabetes is an increasing global health burden with the highest prevalence (24.0%) observed in elderly people. Older diabetic adults have a greater risk of hospitalization and several geriatric syndromes than older nondiabetic adults. For these conditions, special care is required in prescribing therapies including anti- diabetes drugs. Aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness and the adherence to safety recommendations in the prescriptions of glucose-lowering drugs in hospitalized elderly patients with diabetes. Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the REgistro POliterapie-Società Italiana Medicina Interna (REPOSI) that collected clinical information on patients aged ≥ 65 years acutely admitted to Italian internal medicine and geriatric non-intensive care units (ICU) from 2010 up to 2019. Prescription appropriateness was assessed according to the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria and anti-diabetes drug data sheets.Among 5349 patients, 1624 (30.3%) had diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. At admission, 37.7% of diabetic patients received treatment with metformin, 37.3% insulin therapy, 16.4% sulfonylureas, and 11.4% glinides. Surprisingly, only 3.1% of diabetic patients were treated with new classes of anti- diabetes drugs. According to prescription criteria, at admission 15.4% of patients treated with metformin and 2.6% with sulfonylureas received inappropriately these treatments. At discharge, the inappropriateness of metformin therapy decreased (10.2%, P < 0.0001). According to Beers criteria, the inappropriate prescriptions of sulfonylureas raised to 29% both at admission and at discharge. This study shows a poor adherence to current guidelines on diabetes management in hospitalized elderly people with a high prevalence of inappropriate use of sulfonylureas according to the Beers criteria

Clinical features and outcomes of elderly hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure or both

Background and objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) mutually increase the risk of being present in the same patient, especially if older. Whether or not this coexistence may be associated with a worse prognosis is debated. Therefore, employing data derived from the REPOSI register, we evaluated the clinical features and outcomes in a population of elderly patients admitted to internal medicine wards and having COPD, HF or COPD + HF. Methods: We measured socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, severity and prevalence of comorbidities, clinical and laboratory features during hospitalization, mood disorders, functional independence, drug prescriptions and discharge destination. The primary study outcome was the risk of death. Results: We considered 2,343 elderly hospitalized patients (median age 81 years), of whom 1,154 (49%) had COPD, 813 (35%) HF, and 376 (16%) COPD + HF. Patients with COPD + HF had different characteristics than those with COPD or HF, such as a higher prevalence of previous hospitalizations, comorbidities (especially chronic kidney disease), higher respiratory rate at admission and number of prescribed drugs. Patients with COPD + HF (hazard ratio HR 1.74, 95% confidence intervals CI 1.16-2.61) and patients with dementia (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.06-2.90) had a higher risk of death at one year. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed a higher mortality risk in the group of patients with COPD + HF for all causes (p = 0.010), respiratory causes (p = 0.006), cardiovascular causes (p = 0.046) and respiratory plus cardiovascular causes (p = 0.009). Conclusion: In this real-life cohort of hospitalized elderly patients, the coexistence of COPD and HF significantly worsened prognosis at one year. This finding may help to better define the care needs of this population

Clinical features and outcomes of elderly hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure or both

Background and objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) mutually increase the risk of being present in the same patient, especially if older. Whether or not this coexistence may be associated with a worse prognosis is debated. Therefore, employing data derived from the REPOSI register, we evaluated the clinical features and outcomes in a population of elderly patients admitted to internal medicine wards and having COPD, HF or COPD + HF. Methods: We measured socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, severity and prevalence of comorbidities, clinical and laboratory features during hospitalization, mood disorders, functional independence, drug prescriptions and discharge destination. The primary study outcome was the risk of death. Results: We considered 2,343 elderly hospitalized patients (median age 81 years), of whom 1,154 (49%) had COPD, 813 (35%) HF, and 376 (16%) COPD + HF. Patients with COPD + HF had different characteristics than those with COPD or HF, such as a higher prevalence of previous hospitalizations, comorbidities (especially chronic kidney disease), higher respiratory rate at admission and number of prescribed drugs. Patients with COPD + HF (hazard ratio HR 1.74, 95% confidence intervals CI 1.16-2.61) and patients with dementia (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.06-2.90) had a higher risk of death at one year. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed a higher mortality risk in the group of patients with COPD + HF for all causes (p = 0.010), respiratory causes (p = 0.006), cardiovascular causes (p = 0.046) and respiratory plus cardiovascular causes (p = 0.009). Conclusion: In this real-life cohort of hospitalized elderly patients, the coexistence of COPD and HF significantly worsened prognosis at one year. This finding may help to better define the care needs of this population