Advertisement and combat calls of the glass frog Centrolene lynchi (Anura: Centrolenidae), with notes on combat and reproductive behaviors

Se describen los cantos de anuncio y de combate de la rana de cristal Centrolene lynchi, una especie endémica de los bosques nublados del Ecuador. El canto de anuncio típico consiste en una nota tonal seguida por 1-3 notas pulsadas, cada una de las cuales tiene 1-3 pulsos. Entre la variación observada en el canto de anuncio está la adición de una nota corta que precede a la tonal, así como también la ausencia de esta última. Estas modificaciones son similares a las observadas en otros anuros y pueden estar relacionadas a la presencia de hembras, otros machos, depredadores y/o cambios en el ruido ambiental. Adicionalmente, se describe el canto de combate emitido durante las peleas entre machos. El combate entre machos es similar al observado en otras especies de la subfamilia Centroleninae y ha sido hipotetizado como una sinapomorfía de la misma. Finalmente, se presenta información sobre los hábitos reproductivos de los machos, cuidado parental y desarrollo de las puestas de huevos.We describe the advertisement and combat calls, combat behavior, and reproductive behavior of the glass frog Centrolene lynchi, an endemic species of the cloud forests of Ecuador. The typical advertisement call consists of a tonal note and 1-3 peaked notes, each with 1-3 pulses. Variations on this advertisement call include the addition of a short note before the tonal note, as well as the absence of the tonal note. These modifications may be similar to the described call modifications of other anurans in response to the presence of conspecific females and males, potential predators and/or changes in the sound environment. Additionally, we describe the combat call emitted during previously undescribed venter-to-venter combat between males. The discovery of this combat behavior is consistent with the hypothesis that venter-to-venter combat behavior is a shared derived trait of the subfamily Centroleninae. Finally, we describe male reproductive habits and development of the species, including egg attendance by males and implied male parental care.Descrevemos aqui os cantos de anúncio e de combate de Centrolene lynchi, uma espécie endêmica dos bosques nublados do Equador. O canto de anúncio típico consiste en uma nota tonal seguida por 1-3 notas pulsadas, cada uma das quais com 1-3 pulsos. Entre a variação observada no canto de anúncio está a adição de uma nota curta que precede a nota tonal e a ausência desta última. Essas modificações são similares às observadas em outros anuros e podem estar relacionadas com a presença de fêmeas, outros machos, predadores e/ou mudanças no ruído do ambiente. Adicionalmente, descrevemos o canto de combate emitido durante as lutas entre machos. O combate entre machos é similar ao observado em outras espécies da sub-família Centroleninae e já foi hipotetizado como uma sinapomorfía do grupo. Finalmente, apresentamos informações sobre os hábitos reprodutivos dos machos, cuidado parental e desenvolvimento dos ovos

Solid-state fermentation of Ulva Rigida for production of cellulases, xylanases and ß-glucosidase

Seaweeds are important organisms in marine ecosystems, are included on blue biorefinery category and they are rich in different polysaccharides, that can induce enzyme production by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Ulva rigida was used as substrate in SSF to produce cellulases and xylanases and to increase its protein content. The SSF were performed with previously washed and with unwashed seaweed by Aspergillus ibericus. Xylanase and cellulase activities were higher in fermented unwashed seaweed, correspondingly 359.8±6.1 U/g dry substrate and 59.9±2.4 U/g, respectively. In fermented washed U. rigida, these values achieved 212.4±17.7 U/g and 43.6±3.7 U/g, respectively. -glucosidase activity was similar in washed seaweed (6.94±0.21 U/g) and in unwashed seaweed (6.87±0.18 U/g). After SSF, protein content of unwashed seaweed was increased by 14%. Unwashed U. rigida resulted in better enzymatic activities, being a promising option to produce these commercially-valued enzymes.Helena Fernandes was supported by PhD grant SFRH/BD/131219/2017, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). José M. Salgado was supported by grant CEB/N2020 – INV/01/2016 from Project “BIOTECNORTE - Underpinning Biotechnology to foster the north of Portugal bioeconomy” (NORTE-01- 0145-FEDER-000004). This study was partially supported by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-006684) and BioTec-Norte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte and by the project SPO3 (Development of innovative sustainable protein and omega-3 rich feedstuffs for aquafeeds, from local agro-industrial by-products reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030377 funded by FEDER-Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalization and FCT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

AS REDES SOCIAIS E O SISTEMA DE HIPERMÍDIAS ADAPTATIVAS E AS FERRAMENTAS DA WEB 2.0: CONSTRUINDO UMA NOVA GESTÃO PARA A EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA

A Educação a Distância (EAD) encontra-se em um processo contínuo de evolução, principalmente, no que diz respeito à tecnologia e aos meios de interação. Entretanto, grande parte dos Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVAs) conhecidos são utilizados apenas como repositório de textos e materiais pelos alunos. Muitas pessoas estão utilizando as redes sociais na internet para interagir por diversos motivos. Para que o processo de ensino-aprendizagem ocorra em sua plenitude os AVAs precisam ganhar dinamicidade, tornando-se mais intuitivos, possibilitando uma maior inserção social do aluno, respeitando suas características e preferências. Isto é possível através da criação de AVAs pautados na abordagem dos Sistemas de Hipermídias Adaptativas. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho objetiva discutir o papel dos Sistemas de Hipermídias Adaptativas e das novas ferramentas de aprendizagem dispostas pela web 2.0, bem como evidenciar como estas podem contribuir para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para tanto, foram apresentadas as principais ferramentas existentes, hoje, no Curso de Graduação em Administração, na modalidade a distância, da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. O intuito é mostrar que, mesmo em um curso que disponibiliza uma série de ferramentas síncronas e assíncronas de aprendizagem aos alunos, há possibilidade de melhorias, levando em consideração as características e preferências dos alunos, além dos mais avançados recursos que garantam uma efetiva interação entre os agentes

EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA, COGNIÇÃO SITUADA E CONTROLE DE TRÁFEGO AÉREO

Ao se pensar em formação e atuação de profissionais em diversas áreas remetem estudiosos a repensar conceitos e técnicas de ensinar. As novas invenções e tecnologias sempre afetam o modo de pensar e agir dos indivíduos em uma sociedade, e são pontos de destaque no pensar em ensino e aprendizagem. Fato que se verifica em diversas atividades laborativas, como é o caso do Controlador de tráfego aéreo no que tange a formação e atuação desse profissional. Na última década, as mídias começaram a desempenhar um papel relevante no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, que se acentua a cada dia com o crescimento da acessibilidade a internet. Com o objetivo de analisar a educação midiatizada por tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC’s) com vistas a esclarecer melhor o universo da aprendizagem e propiciar posteriores suportes para que as tecnologias nela embutida sejam bem aproveitadas na formação do PTA. E, para isso apresentar a geração de informação e disseminação de conhecimentos através da consciência da situação e cognição situada como cognição distribuída, e como esta área proporciona algumas considerações fundamentais para que o processo de aprendizagem seja bem mais explorado

The Carnegie Supernova Project: Analysis of the First Sample of Low-Redshift Type-Ia Supernovae

We present the analysis of the first set of low-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) by the Carnegie Supernova Project. Well-sampled, high-precision optical (ugriBV) and near-infrared (NIR; YJHKs) light curves obtained in a well-understood photometric system are used to provide light-curve parameters, and ugriBVYJH template light curves. The intrinsic colors at maximum light are calibrated to compute optical--NIR color excesses for the full sample, thus allowing the properties of the reddening law in the host galaxies to be studied. A low value of Rv~1.7, is derived when using the entire sample of SNe. However, when the two highly reddened SNe in the sample are excluded, a value Galactic standard of Rv~3.2 is obtained. The colors of these two events are well matched by a reddening model due to circumstellar dust. The peak luminosities are calibrated using a two-parameter linear fit to the decline rates and the colors, or alternatively, the color excesses. In both cases, dispersions in absolute magnitude of 0.12--0.16 mag are obtained, depending on the filter-color combination. In contrast to the results obtained from color excesses, these fits give Rv~1--2, even when the two highly reddened SNe are excluded. This discrepancy suggests that, beyond the "normal" interstellar reddening produced in the host galaxies, there is an intrinsic dispersion in the colors of SNe Ia which is correlated with luminosity but independent of the decline rate. Finally, a Hubble diagram is produced by combining the results of the fits for each filter. The resulting scatter of 0.12 mag appears to be limited by peculiar velocities as evidenced by the strong correlation between the distance-modulus residuals among the different filters. The implication is that the actual precision of SN Ia distances is 3--4%.Comment: 76 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in A

Effect of biological and physical pre-treatments of Ulva rigida in the quality of on-growing European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax

[Excerpt] Content A growth trial with European seabass was performed to assess the effect of the dietary inclusion of Ulva rigida as is or with technological pre-treatment with ultrasounds (US) or solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus ibericus. Promising results of the pre-treatment of U. rigida prior to dietary inclusion on growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of seabass were obtained, however, the effect of these treatments on fillet nutritional and sensory quality was not yet evaluated.[...]Supported by PhD grant by FCT ref.SFRH/BD/131219/2017, IJFCT-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030377 and MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0111info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Beautiful Thing: A Service Learning Partnership Develops

This roundtable presents multiple perspectives on a multi-year partnership between an urban school and its university neighbor. Building and nurturing a thriving mutually beneficial partnership between an urban Pre-K-8 school and its neighboring university is, as the principal of Cesar Batalla School often says, “a beautiful thing.” Cesar Batalla, serving 800 students and families from a multilingual, multiethnic community in a low-income neighborhood, is located a stone’s throw from a mid-sized suburban, private university that attracts undergraduate and graduate students with little personal firsthand experience with racial, ethnic and linguistic diversity, or of poverty and its challenges. “Geographical neighbors, yet worlds apart” would aptly describe the university school juxtaposition before we embarked upon our partnership. Transforming a coincidental proximity into a deep partnership has been a journey of many discoveries

Solid-state fermentation as green technology to improve the use of plant feedstuffs as ingredients in diets for european sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

This study aimed to evaluate the utilization by juvenile European sea bass of a SSFed PF mixture with Aspergillus niger CECT 2088. A 22-day digestibility and a 50-day growth trial were performed testing four diets, including 20 or 40% of an unfermented or SSFed PF mixture (rapeseed, soybean, rice bran, and sunflower seed meals, 25% each). SSF of the PF added cellulase and β-glucosidase activity to the diets. Mycotoxin contamination was not detected in any of the experimental diets except for residual levels of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol (100 and 600 times lower than that established by the European Commission Recommendation-2006/576/EC). In diets including 20% PF, SSF did not affect growth but increased apparent digestibility coefficients of protein and energy, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio. On the contrary, in diets including 40% PF, SSF decreased growth performance, feed intake, feed and protein efficiency, and diet digestibility. SSF decreased the intestinal amylase activity in the 40% SSFed diet, while total alkaline proteases decreased in the 20% and 40% SSFed diets. Hepatic amino acid catabolic enzyme activity was not modulated by SSF, and plasma total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were similar among dietary treatments. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of moderate levels of the SSFed PF, up to 20%, improves the overall feed utilization efficiency without negatively impacting European sea bass growth performance. The replacement of PF with the SSFed PF mixture may contribute to reducing the environmental footprint of aquaculture production.Simple Summary: The rapid growth of the world’s population has increased the demand for seafood, leading to the expansion of aquaculture to fulfill these needs and reduce the pressure on wild fish stocks. Plant feedstuffs (PFs) are often used as the main protein source in aquafeeds due to their wide availability and low cost. However, PFs usually contain high levels of non-starch polysaccharides that limit their utilization in aquafeeds, mainly for carnivorous fish. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a cost-effective technological process that may reduce anti-nutritional factor levels while improving nutrient digestibility and the production of several bioactive compounds, enhancing feedstuffs’ nutritional value in aquafeeds. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of using a PF mixture (rapeseed, soybean, rice bran, and sunflower seed meals, 25% each) solid-state fermented (SSFed) with Aspergillus niger CECT 2088 at two inclusion levels (20% and 40%) on European sea bass juveniles’ growth performance, feed digestibility, digestive and catabolic enzyme activity, and plasma metabolites. Overall, the SSFed PF mixture improved the overall feed digestibility, and utilization efficiency, when included at balanced level (20%) without negatively impacting fish growth performance, but not at the higher level (40%).Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDB/04423/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDP/04423/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. 2020.05525.BDFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BD/115870/2016Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BD/137919/2018Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BD/143614/201

Why do not pregnant women want to get vaccinated against the flu? : a scoping review

Fundamentos: Las mujeres embarazadas, los neonatos y los recién nacidos tienen mayor riesgo de complicaciones por la gri- pe estacional. La vacunación es efectiva y segura, pero hay baja adherencia en embarazadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue iden- tificar los motivos que llevan a las embarazadas a no vacunarse contra la gripe estacional. Métodos: Scoping Review, en la que su utilizaron como tér- minos de búsqueda: DeCS “Mujeres Embarazadas”, “Vacunas contra la Influenza”. MeSH “Pregnant Women”, “Influenza Vac- cines”. Las bases de datos en las que se realizaron las búsquedas fueron: Medline, BVS, Scielo, CUIDEN. Se utilizó el modelo PRISMA y herramienta del Instituto Joanna Briggs para ordenar la búsqueda y sintetizar los resultados. Se identificaron los mo- tivos de no vacunación en cada estudio y se ordenaron según su frecuencia de aparición. Resultados: 16 estudios que identifican 15 motivos para no vacunarse. Los más frecuentes: Preocupación por los efectos secundarios y/o seguridad de la vacuna y falta de información/ recomendación por parte del personal sanitario. Conclusiones: La decisión para no vacunarse parece ser mul- tifactorial. En algunos motivos hallados el papel del profesional puede jugar un papel fundamental en la adherencia. Estos resul- tados podrían ser útiles para futuras investigaciones y pueden ser- vir de ejemplo para discusiones internas entre los profesionales sanitarios con el objetivo de promover la vacunación antigripal en embarazadas.Background: Pregnant women and newborns are at in- creased risk of complications from seasonal flu. Vaccination is effective and safe but there is low adherence in pregnant women. Objective: to identify the reasons that lead pregnant women not to be vaccinated against seasonal influenza. Methods: Scoping Review in which we used as search terms. DeCS “Pregnant Women”, “Vaccines against Influenza”. MeSH “Pregnant Women”, “Influenza Vaccines”, united by AND. Data- bases: Medline, VHL, Scielo, CUIDEN. The PRISMA model and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool were used to sort the search and synthesize the results. Motives were identified in each study and ordered according to frequency of appearance. Results: 16 studies were found that identify 15 reasons for not being vaccinated. The most frequent were: Concern about side effects and / or vaccine safety and lack of information / re- commendation from health professionals. Conclusions: The decision of not to be vaccinated seems to be multifactorial. In some cases, health professionals can play a fundamental role in adherence. These results could be useful for future research