Vibration motions studied by Heterodyne Holography

Playing with amplitude, phase and frequency of both reference and signal arms, heterodyne holography is well adapted to vibration analysis. Vibration sidebands can be imaged and stroboscopic measurement sensitive to mechanical phase can be mad

Scaling-up energy sufficiency on a European level through a bottom-up modelling approach : lessons and perspectives

The unprecedented challenge of reaching carbon neutrality before mid-century and a large share of it within 2030 in order to keep under the 1.5 or 2 °C carbon budgets, requires broad and deep changes in production and consumption patterns which, together with a shift to renewables and reinforced efficiency, need to be addressed through energy sufficiency. However, inadequate representations and obstacles to characterising and identifying sufficiency potentials often lead to an underrepresentation of sufficiency in models, scenarios and policies. One way to tackle this issue is to work on the development of sufficiency assumptions at a concrete level where various implications such as social consequences, environmental co-benefits, conditions for implementation can be discussed. This approach has been developed as the backbone of a collaborative project, gathering partners in 20 European countries at present, aiming for the integration of harmonised national scenarios into an ambitious net-zero European vision. The approach combines a qualitative discussion on the role of energy sufficiency in a "systemic" merit order for global sustainability, and a quantitative discussion of the level of sufficiency to be set to contribute to meeting 100 % renewables supply and net-zero emissions goals by 2050 at the latest. The latter is based on the use of a dashboard, which serves as a common descriptive framework for all national scenario trajectories and their comparison, with a view to harmonising and strengthening them through an iterative process. A set of key sufficiency-related indicators have been selected to be included in the dashboard, while various interrelated infrastructural, economic, environmental, social or legal factors or drivers have been identified and mapped. This paves the way for strengthening assumptions through the elaboration of "sufficiency corridors" defining a convergent, acceptable and sustainable level of energy services in Europe. The process will eventually inform the potential for sufficiency policies through a better identification of leverages, impacts and co-benefits

Le syndrome d’Ehlers-Danlos : rôle du chirurgien-dentiste

National audienceThe Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of genetic connective tissue disorder due to abnormal collagen synthesis. EDS is characterized by the triad: joint hypermobility - skin hyperextensibility - connective tissue friability leading to vascular and skin fragility. Thirteen forms exist including three main ones: the hypermobile, classical and vascular forms. Given the diversity of clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of EDS is difficult. The management of this syndrome is multidisciplinary and includes the dental surgeon, because EDS can have many oral and dental manifestations. This syndrome can lead to dental, periodontal, mucosal damage and also to joint damage to the manducatory apparatus. The authors, after describing the symptoms of EDS, their manifestations and their detection, will explain the implications in odontostomatology. EDS must be known to the dentist because it can lead to precautions during dental care, and because patients with EDS are more prone to temporomandibular disorders. At the last, the many oral and dental manifestations of EDS give the dentist an important role in screening for this syndrome

Scaling-up energy sufficiency on a European level through a bottom-up modelling approach: lessons and perspectives

The unprecedented challenge of reaching carbon neutrality before mid-century and a large share of it within 2030 in order to keep under the 1.5 or 2 °C carbon budgets, requires broad and deep changes in production and consumption patterns which, together with a shift to renewables and reinforced efficiency, need to be addressed through energy sufficiency. However, inadequate representations and obstacles to characterising and identifying sufficiency potentials often lead to an underrepresentation of sufficiency in models, scenarios and policies. One way to tackle this issue is to work on the development of sufficiency assumptions at a concrete level where various implications such as social consequences, environmental cobenefits, conditions for implementation can be discussed. This approach has been developed as the backbone of a collaborative project, gathering partners in 20 European countries at present, aiming for the integration of harmonised national scenarios into an ambitious net-zero European vision. The approach combines a qualitative discussion on the role of energy sufficiency in a “systemic” merit order for global sustainability, and a quantitative discussion of the level of sufficiency to be set to contribute to meeting 100 % renewables supply and net-zero emissions goals by 2050 at the latest. The latter is based on the use of a dashboard, which serves as a common descriptive framework for all national scenario trajectories and their comparison, with a view to harmonising and strengthening them through an iterative process. A set of key sufficiency-related indicators have been selected to be included in the dashboard, while various interrelated infrastructural, economic, environmental, social or legal factors or drivers have been identified and mapped. This paves the way for strengthening assumptions through the elaboration of “sufficiency corridors” defining a convergent, acceptable and sustainable level of energy services in Europe. The process will eventually inform the potential for sufficiency policies through a better identification of leverages, impacts and co-benefits

The key role of sufficiency for low demand-based carbon neutrality and energy security across Europe

International audienceA detailed assessment of a low energy demand, 1.5 ∘ C compatible pathway is provided for Europe from a bottom-up, country scale modelling perspective. The level of detail enables a clear representation of the potential of sufficiency measures. Results show that by 2050, 50% final energy demand reduction compared to 2019 is possible in Europe, with at least 40% of it attributable to various sufficiency measures across all sectors. This reduction enables a 77% renewable energy share in 2040 and 100% in 2050, with very limited need for imports from outside of Europe and no carbon sequestration technologies. Sufficiency enables increased fairness between countries through the convergence towards a more equitable share of energy service levels. Here we show, that without sufficiency measures, Europe misses the opportunity to transform energy demand leaving considerable pressure on supply side changes combined with unproven carbon removal technologies

The labor market for directors and externalities in corporate governance, available at SSRN

Abstract This paper studies how directors'reputational concerns a¤ect board structure, corporate governance, and …rm value. In our setting, directors a¤ect their …rms'governance, and governance, in turn, a¤ects …rms' demand for new directors. Whether the labor market rewards a shareholder-friendly or management-friendly reputation is determined in equilibrium and depends on aggregate governance. We show that directors'desire to be invited to other boards creates strategic complementarity of corporate governance across …rms. Directors' reputational concerns amplify the governance system: strong systems become stronger and weak systems become weaker. We derive implications for multiple directorships, board size, transparency, and board independence