Estrés en padres con hijos de educación básica especial, durante el aislamiento social, Chiclayo, 2020

El cambio tan abrupto que trajo consigo el aislamiento social como medida preventiva frente al coronavirus ha desencadenado problemas de salud mental en todas las familias. El estrés parental, producto de la cuarentena extendida, ha sido un factor de influencia significativa en el comportamiento de los padres y se ha evidenciado más en aquellos que tienen hijos con necesidades especiales, colocando a sus hijos en una situación de vulnerabilidad que podría exacerbar las características de su discapacidad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene por objetivo determinar la frecuencia de estrés parental en padres con hijos de educación básica especial, identificandolo según dimensiones y características sociodemográficas, además de reconocer los sucesos estresantes percibidos durante el aislamiento social. Para ello, se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal de tipo descriptivo, utilizando el Cuestionario de Estrés Parental versión abreviada de Sánchez-Griñán (2015) en padres de familia con hijos que presenten necesidades educativas especiales asociadas a discapacidad pertenecientes a un CEBE en Chiclayo. Los resultados siguieron una distribución de frecuencias arrojando cantidades elevadas en cuanto al estrés significativamente clínico, sobre todo en las dimensiones de interacción disfuncional padre-hijo y niño difícil. Las mujeres presentaron frecuencias elevadas en cuanto al estrés significativamente clínico, al igual que los casados y separados, de igual manera, ocurrió con quienes tenían hijos con síndrome de down, discapacidad intelectual y trastorno de espectro autista. La muerte de un familiar cercano fue el evento estresor más significativo

Estrés en padres con hijos que presentan discapacidad

Cada vez existen más investigaciones acerca del estrés parental, sin embargo muy pocas en relación al estrés percibido por los padres cuyos hijos presenten discapacidad, sesgando los planes de intervención en estas familias. Por lo tanto este estudio tiene por objetivo explicar la base teórica del estrés en padres con hijos que presentan discapacidad, definiendo, caracterizando e identificando los factores mediadores del estrés en estos padres. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de revisión conceptual, consultando diversas bases de datos que incluyan aquella información teórica y empírica, en español o inglés, relacionada a la variable y las características de la población, y se excluyeron aquellos estudios con variables que influyan directamente en el estrés parental. La información fue sintetizada y ordenada con una categoría de análisis: base teórica, seleccionándose definiciones, características y factores mediadores. Se encontró que la base teórica existente permitió definir al estrés en padres con hijos que presenten discapacidad, además de evidencia teórica para identificar los factores estresores y protectores en estos padres

Early detection of drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana utilsing a portable hyperspectral imaging setup

Close-range hyperspectral imaging (HSI) of plants is now a potential tool for non-destructive extraction of plant functional traits. A major motivation is the plant phenotyping related applications where different plant genotypes are explored for different environmental conditions. HSI of Arabidopsis thaliana is of particular importance as it is a model organism in plant biology. In the present work, a portable HSI setup has been used for the monitoring of a set of 6 Arabidopsis thaliana plants. The plants were monitored under controlled watering conditions where 3 plants were watered as normal and the other 3 plants were given 50% of the normal volume of water. The images were pre-processed utilising the standard normal variate (SNV) and changes over time were evaluated using unsupervised clustering over the time series. The results showed an early detection of stress from day 4 onwards compared to the commonly used normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), which provided detection from day 9

Homogenising and segmenting hyperspectral images of plants and testing chemicals in a high-throughput plant phenotyping setup

Use of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for automated characterisation of plants in a high-throughput plant phenotyping setup (HTPPS) is a challenging task. A challenge arises when the same plant is being monitored automatically during the experiment as it might not be in the same orientation as it was imaged last time. Such changes in orientation result in variations in illumination, which affects the signals recorded by the HSI setup. In addition, there are challenges with the use of threshold-based segmentation approaches such as normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) for distinguishing between old and dead leaves, which might be observed in the later stages of experiments, from the soil background. Therefore, the potential of spectral normalisation for homogenising HS images and the use of supervised spectral set for plant segmentation is presented. Further, the effects of testing chemicals on plants were visualised using PCA of the HS images

Development of an isolate-specific marker for tracking Phaeomoniella chlamydospora infection in grapevines

Petri disease causes decline of grapevines worldwide. The grapevine endophyte Phaeomoniella chlamydospora is the most important fungal pathogen associated with this disease. Epidemiological studies of this pathogen have been hampered by its common occurrence in the internal tissue of apparently healthy vines. Development of a molecular marker for a single strain would overcome this limitation and aid experiments designed to answer key questions about the biology of this pathogen. Genetic variation analysis of New Zealand and Italian strains of P. chlamydospora detected a potential molecular marker in New Zealand isolate A21. Characterization of the 1010 bp marker band showed that it had 50% identity to moxY, a gene involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway of Aspergillus parasiticus. Sequencing of the region flanking the 1010 bp product revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3' border of the marker band. Primers were designed to amplify a 488 bp fragment encompassing this polymorphic site and cleavage of this product with the restriction enzyme BsrI produced three bands only in isolate A21 and two bands in all other isolates tested. The sensitivity of the PCR-RFLP protocol was increased with a nested PCR approach and the protocol optimized for soil and wood samples. When the nested PCR/RFLP procedure was used to determine the persistence of viable and nonviable spores in soil, the results showed that nonviable spores were undetected after 8 wk whereas viable spores still could be detected at 17 wk

Uterine miR-877-3p and let-7a-5p are increased during simulated menstruation in a mouse model

Heavy periods are common and debilitating, but we do not fully understand how they are caused. Increased understanding of menstrual bleeding could result in new treatments for problematic periods. Low oxygen levels are present in the womb lining during a period. These low oxygen levels help trigger the repair process required to stop menstrual bleeding. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that can affect cell function, and some are regulated by oxygen levels. We examined whether such miRNAs were present in the womb lining during a period. To overcome the variability present in humans, we studied the womb of mice given hormones to mimic the human menstrual cycle. We revealed that two miRNAs known to be regulated by oxygen levels were increased in the womb during menstruation. These miRNAs may help regulate menstrual blood loss and merit further study as a potential target for future treatments for heavy periods

Delays and loss to follow-up before treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis following implementation of Xpert MTB/RIF in South Africa: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: South Africa has a large burden of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), with 18,734 patients diagnosed in 2014. The number of diagnosed patients has increased substantially with the introduction of the Xpert MTB/RIF test, used for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis for all patients with presumptive TB. Routine aggregate data suggest a large treatment gap (pre-treatment loss to follow-up) between the numbers of patients with laboratory-confirmed RR-TB and those reported to have started second-line treatment. We aimed to assess the impact of Xpert MTB/RIF implementation on the delay to treatment initiation and loss to follow-up before second-line treatment for RR-TB across South Africa. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess second-line treatment initiation and treatment delay among laboratory-diagnosed RR-TB patients. Cohorts, including approximately 300 sequentially diagnosed RR-TB patients per South African province, were drawn from the years 2011 and 2013, i.e., before and after Xpert implementation. Patients with prior laboratory RR-TB diagnoses within 6 mo and currently treated patients were excluded. Treatment initiation was determined through data linkage with national and local treatment registers, medical record review, interviews with health care staff, and direct contact with patients or household members. Additional laboratory data were used to track cases. National estimates of the percentage of patients who initiated treatment and time to treatment were weighted to account for the sampling design. There were 2,508 and 2,528 eligible patients in the 2011 and 2013 cohorts, respectively; 92% were newly diagnosed with RR-TB (no prior RR-TB diagnoses). Nationally, among the 2,340 and 2,311 new RR-TB patients in the 2011 and 2013 cohorts, 55% (95% CI 53%-57%) and 63% (95% CI 61%-65%), respectively, started treatment within 6 mo of laboratory receipt of their diagnostic specimen (p < 0.001). However, in 2013, there was no difference in the percentage of patients who initiated treatment at 6 mo between the 1,368 new RR-TB patients diagnosed by Xpert (62%, 95% CI 59%-65%) and the 943 diagnosed by other methods (64%, 95% CI 61%-67%) (p = 0.39). The median time to treatment decreased from 44 d (interquartile range [IQR] 20-69) in 2011 to 22 d (IQR 2-43) in 2013 (p < 0.001). In 2013, across the nine provinces, there were substantial variations in both treatment initiation (range 51%-73% by 6 mo) and median time to treatment (range 15-36 d, n = 1,450), and only 53% of the 1,448 new RR-TB patients who received treatment were recorded in the national RR-TB register. This retrospective study is limited by the lack of information to assess reasons for non-initiation of treatment, particularly pre-treatment mortality data. Other limitations include the use of names and dates of birth to locate patient-level data, potentially resulting in missed treatment initiation among some patients. CONCLUSIONS: In 2013, there was a large treatment gap for RR-TB in South Africa that varied significantly across provinces. Xpert implementation, while reducing treatment delay, had not contributed substantially to reducing the treatment gap in 2013. However, given improved case detection with Xpert, a larger proportion of RR-TB patients overall have received treatment, with reduced delays. Nonetheless, strategies to further improve linkage to treatment for all diagnosed RR-TB patients are urgently required

Whole genome sequencing reveals great diversity of Vibrio spp in prawns at retail

Consumption of prawns as a protein source has been on the rise worldwide with seafood identified as the predominant attributable source of human vibriosis. However, surveillance of non-cholera Vibrio is limited both in public health and in food. Using a population- and market share-weighted study design, 211 prawn samples were collected and cultured for Vibrio spp. Contamination was detected in 46 % of samples, and multiple diverse Vibrio isolates were obtained from 34 % of positive samples. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis illustrated a comprehensive view of Vibrio species diversity in prawns available at retail, with no known pathogenicity markers identified in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae . Antimicrobial resistance genes were found in 77 % of isolates, and 12 % carried genes conferring resistance to three or more drug classes. Resistance genes were found predominantly in V. parahaemolyticus , though multiple resistance genes were also identified in V. cholerae and V. vulnificus . This study highlights the large diversity in Vibrio derived from prawns at retail, even within a single sample. Although there was little evidence in this study that prawns are a major source of vibriosis in the UK, surveillance of non-cholera Vibrio is very limited. This study illustrates the value of expanding WGS surveillance efforts of non-cholera Vibrios in the food chain to identify critical control points for food safety through the production system and to determine the full extent of the public health impact