Varied Behavior of Dinucleotides on Ice

RNA world theory posits RNA as the precursor to both DNA and proteins, and consequently all life on earth, but it is debated how exactly this occurred. Many hypotheses posit that RNA formed first in aqueous water, but RNA degrades very quickly in aqueous solutions at room temperature. In this study, we focus on the chemistry of RNA on ice. Not only does ice protect the RNA from hydrolysis, it may also serve as a catalyst for various reactions between separate RNA strands. Past studies have confirmed that the orientation of the RNA strand on the ice lattice is important in this regard. Thus we will be investigating the orientation of the phosphodiester group for the CC, CG, and GG dinucleotides to elucidate their behaviors while in an ice slab environment

Stratified noncommutative geometry

We introduce a theory of stratifications of noncommutative stacks (i.e. presentable stable $\infty$-categories), and we prove a reconstruction theorem that expresses them in terms of their strata and gluing data. This reconstruction theorem is compatible with symmetric monoidal structures, and with more general operadic structures such as $E_n$-monoidal structures. We also provide a suite of fundamental operations for constructing new stratifications from old ones: restriction, pullback, quotient, pushforward, and refinement. Moreover, we establish a dual form of reconstruction, which is closely related to reflection functors and Verdier duality. Our main application is to equivariant stable homotopy theory: for any compact Lie group $G$, we give a symmetric monoidal stratification of genuine $G$-spectra, that expresses them in terms of their geometric fixedpoints (as homotopy-equivariant spectra) and gluing data therebetween (which are given by proper Tate constructions). We also prove an adelic reconstruction theorem; this applies not just to ordinary schemes but in the more general context of tensor-triangular geometry, where we obtain a symmetric monoidal stratification over the Balmer spectrum. We discuss the particular example of chromatic homotopy theory: the adelic stratification of the $\infty$-category of spectra.Comment: Added material on: reflection functors; Verdier duality; t-structures; alignment ("noncommutative general position"); the pullback and refinement operations; central co/augmented idempotents; non-presentable stratifications; categorical fixedpoints; gluing functors for $G$ nonabelian; naive $G$-spectra. (A version with improved formatting is available at https://etale.site/writing/strat.pdf.

Derived Mackey functors and CpnC_{p^n}-equivariant cohomology

We establish a novel approach to computing $G$-equivariant cohomology for a finite group $G$, and demonstrate it in the case that $G = C_{p^n}$. For any commutative ring spectrum $R$, we prove a symmetric monoidal reconstruction theorem for genuine $G$-$R$-modules, which records them in terms of their geometric fixedpoints as well as gluing maps involving their Tate cohomologies. This reconstruction theorem follows from a symmetric monoidal stratification (in the sense of \cite{AMR-strat}); here we identify the gluing functors of this stratification in terms of Tate cohomology. Passing from genuine $G$-spectra to genuine $G$-$\mathbb{Z}$-modules (a.k.a. derived Mackey functors) provides a convenient intermediate category for calculating equivariant cohomology. Indeed, as $\mathbb{Z}$-linear Tate cohomology is far simpler than $\mathbb{S}$-linear Tate cohomology, the above reconstruction theorem gives a particularly simple algebraic description of genuine $G$-$\mathbb{Z}$-modules. We apply this in the case that $G = C_{p^n}$ for an odd prime $p$, computing the Picard group of genuine $G$-$\mathbb{Z}$-modules (and therefore that of genuine $G$-spectra) as well as the $RO(G)$-graded and Picard-graded $G$-equivariant cohomology of a point.Comment: improved introduction; minor notational changes and reorganizatio

Getting it Right: study protocol to determine the diagnostic accuracy of a culturally-specific measure to screen for depression in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people

Abstract Introduction: A freely available, culturally valid depression screening tool is required for use by primary care services across Australia to screen for depression in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander populations. This is the protocol for a study aiming to determine the validity, sensitivity and specificity of the culturally adapted 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (aPHQ-9). Methods and analysis: Cross sectional validation study. A total of 500 people who self-identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, are ≥ 18 years of age, attending one of 10 primary health care services or service events across Australia and able to communicate sufficiently to answer study questions will be recruited. All participants will complete the aPHQ-9 and the criterion standard MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 6.0.0. The primary outcome is criterion validity of the aPHQ-9. Process outcomes related to acceptability and feasibility of the aPHQ-9 will be analysed only if the measure is found to be valid. Ethics and dissemination: Lead ethical approval was obtained jointly from the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (project 2014/361) and the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales (project 1044/14). Results will be disseminated via the usual scientific forums including peer-reviewed publications and presentations at international conferences following presentation to, discussion with and approval by participating primary health care service staff and community. Study registration number: ACTRN1261400070568

The course of negative symptom in first episode psychosis and the relationship with social recovery.

AIMS: To investigate trajectories of negative symptoms during the first 12months of treatment for first episode psychosis (FEP), their predictors and relationship to social recovery. METHOD: 1006 participants were followed up for 12months following acceptance into Early Intervention in Psychosis services. Negative symptom trajectories were modelled using latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and predictors of trajectories examined using multinomial regression. Social recovery trajectories - also modelled using LCGA - of members of each negative symptom trajectory were ascertained and the relationship between negative symptom and social recovery trajectories examined. RESULTS: Four negative symptom trajectories were identified: Minimal Decreasing (63.9%), Mild Stable (13.5%), High Decreasing (17.1%) and High Stable (5.4%). Male gender and family history of non-affective psychosis predicted stably high negative symptoms. Poor premorbid adolescent adjustment, family history of non-affective psychosis and baseline depression predicted initially high but decreasing negative symptoms. Members of the Mild Stable, High Stable and High Decreasing classes were more likely to experience stably low functioning than the Minimal Decreasing class. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct negative symptom trajectories are evident in FEP. Only a small subgroup present with persistently high levels of negative symptoms. A substantial proportion of FEP patients with elevated negative symptoms at baseline will achieve remission of these symptoms within 12months. However, elevated negative symptoms at baseline, whether or not they remit, are associated with poor social recovery, suggesting targeted interventions for service users with elevated baseline negative symptoms may help improve functional outcomes.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.04.01