Seguridad humana en Soacha desde la percepción local. Análisis del impacto de los proyectos de la FAO y el PNUD

The research wants to focus on the concept of human security through a qualitative analysis of the impact of some prjects developed by the Food and Agricolture Organization and United Nations Developemnt Pogramme in Soacha. The place represents an interesting case study for its particular situation. Indeed, this commune on the one hand still lives histirical issues such as extreme poverty, inequality, accumulation of land and displacement, and on the other hand represents a paradoxical union between precarious and developed realities. The study uses a qualitative technique divided in two sections. The first one is built on semistructured individual intervews with the project’s coordinators that examine the main issues with their implementation, while the other one is based on surveys with the local community that analyze the perception of the population of Soacha on human security. Regarding this part, the survey, composed by a preamble and eight questions, has been completed by 120 people. The results evidence that the population consider that there has been a slight increase in the human security during the last five years. However, the outcomes reveal also the persistence of structural issues, which perpuate the human insecurityEl artículo parte de la concepción de la seguridad humana, que resume, y analiza proyectos desarrollados en Soacha por dos organismos especializados de NNUU, FAO y PNUD. El caso de Soacha ha sido elegido por representar un contexto único. La Comuna de Soacha vive una paradoja por la cual reúne en un mismo lugar los problemas históricos y emergentes de Colombia. La precariedad asociada a las zonas rurales del país (desigualdad, concentración de la tierra, extrema pobreza, desplazamientos forzados) se junta en Soacha con la mirada puesta en el futuro que representa la colindante Bogotá. El estudio usa un enfoque cualitativo que se articula en dos partes. Por un lado, se llevan a cabo entrevistas personales semiestructuradas con los coordinadores de los proyectos, para averiguar cuáles son los obstáculos que los proyectos enfrentan en su implementación, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Por otro lado, se realizan encuestas a 120 personas, consistentes en un preámbulo y ocho preguntas, en las cuales se recopila información sobre la percepción de la población sobre el estado de la seguridad humana en su territorio. Los resultados muestran que la población considera que se ha producido una ligera mejora en la seguridad humana en los últimos cinco años. Sin embargo, los resultados también evidencian la persistencia de muchos de los problemas estructurales que perpetúan la inseguridad human

Confocal fluorescence microscopy and confocal raman microspectroscopy of X-ray irradiated LIF crystals

Radiation-induced color centers locally produced in lithium fluoride (LiF) are successfully used for radiation detectors. LiF detectors for extreme ultraviolet radiation, soft and hard X-rays, based on photoluminescence from aggregate electronic defects, are currently under development for imaging applications with laboratory radiation sources, as well as large-scale facilities. Among the peculiarities of LiF-based detectors, noteworthy ones are their very high intrinsic spatial resolution across a large field of view, wide dynamic range, and versatility. LiF crystals irradiated with a monochromatic 8 keV X-ray beam at KIT synchrotron light source (Karlsruhe, Germany) and with the broadband white beam spectrum of the synchrotron bending magnet have been investigated by optical spectroscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy in fluorescence mode, and confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy. The 3D reconstruction of the distributions of the color centers induced by the X-rays has been performed with both confocal techniques. The combination of the LiF crystal capability to register volumetric X-ray mapping with the optical sectioning operations of the confocal techniques has allowed performing 3D reconstructions of the X-ray colored volumes and it could provide advanced tools for 3D X-ray detection

Deep Ultraviolet Radiation Simulates the Turin Shroud Image

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Seguridad humana en Soacha desde la percepción local. Análisis del impacto de los proyectos de la FAO y el PNUD

The research wants to focus on the concept of human security through a qualitative analysis of the impact of some prjects developed by the Food and Agricolture Organization and United Nations Developemnt Pogramme in Soacha. The place represents an interesting case study for its particular situation. Indeed, this commune on the one hand still lives histirical issues such as extreme poverty, inequality, accumulation of land and displacement, and on the other hand represents a paradoxical union between precarious and developed realities. The study uses a qualitative technique divided in two sections. The first one is built on semistructured individual intervews with the project’s coordinators that examine the main issues with their implementation, while the other one is based on surveys with the local community that analyze the perception of the population of Soacha on human security. Regarding this part, the survey, composed by a preamble and eight questions, has been completed by 120 people. The results evidence that the population consider that there has been a slight increase in the human security during the last five years. However, the outcomes reveal also the persistence of structural issues, which perpuate the human insecurityEl artículo parte de la concepción de la seguridad humana, que resume, y analiza proyectos desarrollados en Soacha por dos organismos especializados de NNUU, FAO y PNUD. El caso de Soacha ha sido elegido por representar un contexto único. La Comuna de Soacha vive una paradoja por la cual reúne en un mismo lugar los problemas históricos y emergentes de Colombia. La precariedad asociada a las zonas rurales del país (desigualdad, concentración de la tierra, extrema pobreza, desplazamientos forzados) se junta en Soacha con la mirada puesta en el futuro que representa la colindante Bogotá. El estudio usa un enfoque cualitativo que se articula en dos partes. Por un lado, se llevan a cabo entrevistas personales semiestructuradas con los coordinadores de los proyectos, para averiguar cuáles son los obstáculos que los proyectos enfrentan en su implementación, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Por otro lado, se realizan encuestas a 120 personas, consistentes en un preámbulo y ocho preguntas, en las cuales se recopila información sobre la percepción de la población sobre el estado de la seguridad humana en su territorio. Los resultados muestran que la población considera que se ha producido una ligera mejora en la seguridad humana en los últimos cinco años. Sin embargo, los resultados también evidencian la persistencia de muchos de los problemas estructurales que perpetúan la inseguridad human

A fiscal approach to the social contract in subSaharan African countries: Looking for opportunities to strengthen trust in government and tax compliance by analysing citizens' perception of governance

The COVID-19 pandemic showed that many developing countries could not respond effectively to crises due to their limited capacity to diversify their social protection responses. Social protection systems depend mainly on government tax revenue capacity. Raising domestic revenue still represents a priority for most sub-Saharan African countries, which continue to face high tax non-compliance. This research investigates whether there is a link between citizens' perceptions of governance and individual tax compliance in sub-Saharan Africa. We employ a logistic regression model and use Round 7 of the Afrobarometer, whichcontains information on Africans' views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life for 32 countries. Furthermore, in addition to a regression analysis, the study proposes a binary mediation analysis to investigate the direct and indirect effects of governance perception on individual tax compliance, with trust in institutions serving as a mediator. The main results suggest that perceptions of governance and attitudes towards tax compliance are positively associated, and their impact differs by country

The potential of universal basic income schemes to mitigate shocks: Comparing the performance of universal basic income in Uganda and Zambia during COVID-19

The debate over universal basic income (UBI) has gained traction in the developing world in recent years. We analyse the effects of four UBI schemes on poverty and inequality measures during normal times and times of crisis in Uganda and Zambia. We use static microsimulation models and nationally representative household surveys for each country. Our results show that in Zambia, where the existing social protection benefits have more extensive coverage, the least generous UBI benefit leads to higher poverty and inequality compared to existing benefits. By contrast, in Uganda, a country with only one notable social protection programme, all UBI scenarios reduce poverty and inequality. Differences between welfare estimates for the existing systems and UBI scenarios whether in normal or crisis times are not large though when UBI policies are revenue neutral or expenditures calibrated to the regional average. In normal times and in times of crisis, poverty reduction increases with the generosity of the UBI benefit amount in both countries. UBI schemes clearly outperform existing systems only with UBI benefit amounts that result in unrealistic expenditure levels

Riflettanza e trasmittanza di un film inomogeneo con interfacce rugose non parallele

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal