Profile of clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 3.75% aqueous gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Acne vulgaris is a common and chronic skin disease, and is a frequent source of morbidity for affected patients. Treatment of acne vulgaris is often difficult due to the multifactorial nature of this disease. Combination therapy, such as that containing clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide, has become the standard of care. Several fixed formulations of clindamycin 1% and benzoyl peroxide of varying concentrations are available and have been used with considerable success. The major limitation is irritation and dryness from higher concentrations of benzoyl peroxide, and a combination providing optimal efficacy and tolerability has yet to be determined. Recently, a clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide 3.75% fixed combination formulation was developed. Studies have suggested that this formulation may be a safe and effective treatment regimen for patients with acne vulgaris. Here, we provide a brief review of acne pathogenesis, benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin, and profile a new Clindamycin-BP 3.75% fixed combination gel for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris

Detection of Nrf2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: comparison and application of two methods

Master's thesis in Biological chemistryProtein nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates expression of numerous proteins. These proteins protect cells against oxidative stress and reinstate cellular homeostasis. Oxidative stress activates Nrf2, leading to its translocation and accumulation in the nucleus. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular antioxidant defense capacity, in favor of the ROS. Oxidative stress has been associated with ageing and diseases including cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Since Nrf2 is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, and Nrf2 levels and cellular location change during oxidative stress, it is desirable to establish a method to evaluate the state of Nrf2 in both cytoplasm and nuclear fractions. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be obtained in a non-invasive manner by blood sampling and are therefore a preferable model system for monitoring Nrf2 levels and localization in response to oxidative stress. At Stavanger University Hospital, biomarkers such as protein carbonyls (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in blood samples from patients have been used in different studies to assess oxidative stress induced by diseases. Nrf2 determination, if successful, can then become a supplementary test in addition to the tests of the aforementioned conventional biomarkers. In this research, Western blot and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based TransAM Nrf2 kit were utilized for the detection of Nrf2 in PBMCs. Moreover, purity of the fractions was also determined with Western blot. The results from the purity determination indicated some contamination in the nuclear fractions, suggesting further optimization of fractionation protocol used. Despite that limitation, the results showed it was possible to use Western blot and the ELISA-based TransAM Nrf2 kit to detect and measure Nrf2 level in different cellular fractions of PBMCs

Little Fermat Theorem Applying For Problems about Division

This article provides solutions to some divisibility problems using Fermat's little theorem. To have beautiful solutions for each of those problems, mathematicians have combined knowledge of: Theory of divisibility and division with remainder, greatest common divisor, least common multiple, prime numbers, congruences, exponentiation, etc. This helps students think positively and flexibly about their existing knowledge and skills, and present concise and creative solutions

HEROISM IN ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S SHORT STORIES

Ernest Hemingway, a distinguished writer, is well-known for his writing theory called the “Iceberg Principle.” This theory is used to introduce the concept of Heroism, which depicts the images of heroes differently from the traditional stereotype. His novels and collections of short stories were written permeating the Iceberg Principle. Among them, In Another Country, Old Man at the Bridge, and The Old Man and the Sea characterized the heroes with their unique characteristics which readers needed to dig out to get a deeper insight into man’s fate with emotional overtones. The current study, with a qualitative and descriptive approach, illuminates Heroism in these short stories. The results show that there are five aspects that Hemingway applied to reflect his Heroism including age, life tragedies, isolation, persistence, and stoicism. Besides, throughout the three stories, one can see the development of Hemingway's heroes as they strive to reach perfection during his literary career.  Article visualizations

Rational Multi-Curve Models with Counterparty-Risk Valuation Adjustments

We develop a multi-curve term structure setup in which the modelling ingredients are expressed by rational functionals of Markov processes. We calibrate to LIBOR swaptions data and show that a rational two-factor lognormal multi-curve model is sufficient to match market data with accuracy. We elucidate the relationship between the models developed and calibrated under a risk-neutral measure Q and their consistent equivalence class under the real-world probability measure P. The consistent P-pricing models are applied to compute the risk exposures which may be required to comply with regulatory obligations. In order to compute counterparty-risk valuation adjustments, such as CVA, we show how positive default intensity processes with rational form can be derived. We flesh out our study by applying the results to a basis swap contract.Comment: 34 pages, 9 figure

RNA amplification of dorsal root ganglion neurons retrogradely labeled with Di-I signaling chronic pain and fatigue

posterIn muscles, there are neurons of groups III and IV that correspond to two kinds of afferents or nerves. In previous studies regarding the responses of these afferents in skeletal muscle, singe mechanical stimuli evoked responses. Chemical stimuli are equally important, as they are responsible for the pain and fatigue states during and after mechanical stimuli. By using a combination of the metabolites, which are agonists for these receptors, the responses are enhanced, viewed, and analyzed by calcium imaging showing that the metabolites are crucial in signaling pain and fatigue in skeletal muscle

Antecedents of the Intention and Behavior Toward Purchase of Counterfeit Luxury Goods in an Emerging Economy: a Study of Young Vietnamese Consumers

This study examines some antecedents of the intention and behavior toward buying counterfeit luxury goods among young consumers in Vietnam, an Asian emerging economy. The data was obtained from university undergraduate students in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The results of structural equation modeling show support for most of our hypotheses. The findings indicate that materialism (the centrality component) has positive impact on attitude toward purchase of counterfeit luxury goods. Attitude and subjective norm toward counterfeit luxury goods are found to be positively related to purchase intention, while perceived behavioral control is not found to have a direct impact on purchase intention. In addition, perceived behavioral control and purchase intention are found to be significant predictors of purchase behavior. The research findings are discussed and implications for managers and policy makers are provided. &nbsp

Spatial Clustering Analysis Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever In The First 9-Monthsof 2023 In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a notable vector-borne viral disease, currently becoming the most dreaded worldwide health problem in terms of the number of people affected. The objective of this study is to investigate spatial clustering of dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence in the first 9-months of 2023 in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Methods: the global Moran’s I statistic, Moran’s I scatterplot and local statistic were employed to spatial clusters (high-high and low-low) and spatial outliers (low-high and high-low) in the study area of Ho Chi Minh city. The first and third order of contiguity were used to constructe spatial weight matrix. Results: it was found from a case study of the first 9-months of 2023 in Ho Chi Minh city, a total of four high-high clusters, two low-low spatial clusters were detected in urban area and rural areas in the north and south of the Ho Chi Minh city, respectively when using the first order contiguity (statistically significance at the 0.05 level). For the case of using the third order of contiguity, a total of six high-low, two low-high spatial clusters and one low-low spatial cluster were successfully identified. Conclusions: the study results has proven the effective use of the global Moran’s I statistic, Moran’s I scatterplot and local Moran’s I statistic in the identification of spatial clustering of dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence