ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND THE SOVIET UNION (1986-1991)

On November 3, 1978, Vietnam and the Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, signaling a fresh and significant development in many domains, both in breadth and depth, which had a significant impact on the development of the two countries. This is seen as a "golden period" in particular for business connections between Vietnam and the Soviet Union. When both Vietnam and the Soviet Union began the process of "reforming" and "renovating" their respective nations in 1986, the two nations' economic connections continued to experience qualitative advancements. Vietnam was able to begin the process of rehabilitation and national construction with a strong economic foundation thanks to the Soviet Union's backing and aid during the years 1986 to 1991.  Article visualizations

Factors affecting intention to purchase organic agriculture products among Vietnamese

Globally, customer intention to purchase has become the essential part of the product and organization's success in the market. More recently, the idea has captured the attention of academic and policymakers alike. Therefore, the current article analyses product quality features such as agreeableness, emotional stability conscientiousness, openness to experience and extroversion on the intention to purchase organic agricultural products in the context of Vietnam. The study also analyses the mediating role of customer satisfaction between the association of product quality features and intention to purchase organic products in Vietnam. The present study uses questionnaires to collect data pertaining to the health sector of Vietnam. The current study employs the smart-PLS to analyze the constructs and items' reliability as well as the association among constructs. The results show that product quality features except extroversion have a positive and significant association with intention to purchase organic products in Vietnam. The results also reveal that customer satisfaction significantly and positively mediates among the associations of product quality features and intention to purchase organic products in Vietnam. This study is suitable for policymakers while formulating policies that may directly or indirectly affect customers' intention to purchase organic agricultural products.Luong Thu Thuy (Faculty of Economics, Academy of Finance, Vietnam), Tran Thi Phuong Diu (Faculty of Economics, Academy of Finance, Vietnam), Nguyen Dinh Hoan (Faculty of Economics, Academy of Finance, Vietnam), Vu Viet Ninh (Faculty of Economics, Academy of Finance, Vietnam), Nguyen Thi Thuy Nga (Faculty of Economics, Academy of Finance, Vietnam)Includes bibliographical reference

Factors Affecting Consumers’ Intention in Vietnam-China Cross-border E-commerce: An Empirical Study in Hanoi, Vietnam

In the era of innovative technologies, the physical border is no longer a concern in exchanging goods thanks to the widespread use of internet connections. On this basis, the study explores the determinants that impact cross-border online consumers’ purchase intentions in Hanoi, Vietnam. As fundamental ideas, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) are integrated with the influence of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). The examined factors consist of Consumer Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Risk, Trust, and RCEP. The research was conducted on a survey questionnaire of 253 online shoppers in Hanoi who have experienced cross-border purchasing. The data was processed using several statistical methods, namely descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The analysis reveals that Consumer Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Trust have a positive influence on the consumer’s intention to cross-border e-commerce (CBEC), while perceived risk and RCEP do not exert any force on the intention. Among these variables, Risk perception and trust have been demonstrated to have the most significant impact on online purchase intention. The outcomes of the study indicate that online retailers or intermediaries adopt a third-party payment processor and publish policies to protect consumers’ private information. It is also suggested that the government should educate the public on the benefits of RCEP, implement the relevant policies, and provide guidance for the sellers to follow to utilize the advantages of RCEP

Factors affecting to digital skills and adaptability of students in the context of digital transformation at the Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology and Education

The article focuses on analyzing the factors affecting students' digital skills and adaptability in the context of digital transformation. The study identified influencing factors: Environment, Behavior, Individuals, Teachers, Time of use, and access. However, the results of an online survey of 1.282 students of the Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education (HCMUTE) with Cronbach's Alpha test method, EFA analysis, correlations, and regression analysis, showed that there are 3/5 factors identified in the hypothesis that affect digital skills and adaptability of HCMUTE students in the context of digital transformation, specifically: behavior (Beta = 0.177, Sig. = 0.000); individuals (Beta = 0.181, Sig. = 0.027); teacher (Beta = 0.547, Sig. = 0.000). Besides, the environment does not affect digital skills and adaptability (KNSKNTU) due to Beta = 0.017 and Sig.=0.384>0.05. Sig does not involve usage and access time factors. >0.05 in the table Correlations not be further analyzed in the regression model. The research results are expected to help provide a more objective view of the reality of digital adoption and student adaptability in the digital transformation context at HCMUTE

Factors affecting to digital skills and adaptability of students in the context of digital transformation at the Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology and Education

The article focuses on analyzing the factors affecting students' digital skills and adaptability in the context of digital transformation. The study identified influencing factors: Environment, Behavior, Individuals, Teachers, Time of use, and access. However, the results of an online survey of 1.282 students of the Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education (HCMUTE) with Cronbach's Alpha test method, EFA analysis, correlations, and regression analysis, showed that there are 3/5 factors identified in the hypothesis that affect digital skills and adaptability of HCMUTE students in the context of digital transformation, specifically: behavior (Beta = 0.177, Sig. = 0.000); individuals (Beta = 0.181, Sig. = 0.027); teacher (Beta = 0.547, Sig. = 0.000). Besides, the environment does not affect digital skills and adaptability (KNSKNTU) due to Beta = 0.017 and Sig.=0.384>0.05. Sig does not involve usage and access time factors. >0.05 in the table Correlations not be further analyzed in the regression model. The research results are expected to help provide a more objective view of the reality of digital adoption and student adaptability in the digital transformation context at HCMUTE

ISOLATION AND SELECTION OF LIPASE-PRODUCING BACTERIA IN VIETNAM

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL FROM PIGGERY WASTEWATER BY SPIRULINA CULTIVATION

Spirulina is noticed for great applications on food supplements, animal feeds, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, biofuel, fertilizer, etc. Spirulina cultures in wastewaters could enhance the feasibility of commodities due to its ability to reduce the cost of biomass production and remove pollutants in wastewaters. This study investigates the effects of wastewater pretreatment using various aeration periods (i.e. from 3 to 7 days), the supplement of bicarbonate and N:P ratios on the growth of Spirulina sp. HH to produce protein-rich biomass. The work showed that Spirulina sp. had the ability to effectively remove ammonium, with the highest efficiencies up to 99.9 %. However, the high concentration of ammonium in wastewater, from 125 mg N/L upward, caused a decline in the growth rate of Spirulina. The growth and remediation potential of Spirulina sp. were in the best condition with the N:P ratio of the medium in the range of 19:1-22:1. This study suggested a procedure to cultivate Spirulina sp. in piggery wastewater and remove pollutants efficiently

Communication activities of students with the social cultural environment during floods: A case study in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam

This study   aims to explore the variances in communication behaviours among undergraduate students within the social-cultural context.  A total of 104 participants (40 lecturers and six managers) were selected from two universities, namely Hue University of Science and Hue University of Education. The collected data was subsequently evaluated. The findings suggest that there are   slight differences between male and female students. This   study highlights significant differences in involvement among Kinh ethnic students   and students from other ethnic groups. Furthermore, the geographical location and sociocultural environment of a region significantly influence the communication behaviors and preferences of students. Students demonstrate higher mean scores in diverse communication activities as compared to lecturers. The results highlight the significance of gender, ethnicity, geographic location   and student status in influencing students' participation in communication. Recognizing and addressing these differences can help in the development of effective communication strategies, the development of inclusive environments   and the encouragement of positive social interactions among various groups of students.  The implications for students' well-being, academic success and intercultural competency might be explored in more detail in further studies by examining the fundamental variables that lead to these differences

Strategic options for financing health system modernization and development: what can Vietnam learn from international experiences? ? Report for Development Strategy Institute, Ministry of Planning and Investment, Hanoi.

OxfordThis study was commissioned by UNDP to inform the process of drafting the Vietnam SEDS, 2011- 20 and other health sectoral policies. It aims to highlight some of the main health financing challenges facing Vietnam and to draw on international literature to produce recommendations as to how the country should respond to them. The study was conducted in January to April 2011. It is based on a review of the literature for health financing in Vietnam and in selected neighbouring and comparable countries, as well as secondary data from Vietnam, key informant visits and one field trip to Vinh Phuc Province. It is structured along the lines of the four key health financing functions - i) revenue collection; ii) risk pooling; iii) purchasing; and iv) provision of services.sch_iihAsian Development Bank, Key indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010, ADB 2010 41st Edition Barber, S. and Lao, L., Health insurance systems in China: A briefing note World Health Report (2010) Background Paper, No 37 Castel, P. Fiscal space for social protection policies in Viet Nam in Poverty and Sustainable Development in Asia, edited by Bauer and Thant, ADB Institute 2010 Doorslaer, E., et al. Paying out-of-pocket for health care in Asia: Catastrophic and poverty impact, EQUITAP Project : Working Paper # 2, 2005 Barrand, P et al. Integrating a Unified Revenue Administration for Tax and Social Contribution Collections: Experiences of Central and Eastern European Countries, 2004, IMF Working Paper, WP/04/237 Eggleston, K. Health Care Payment Incentives: A Comparative Analysis of Reforms in Taiwan, Korea and China, 2004. Department of Economics Tufts University Working Paper No. 4 Eggleston et al, Health service Delivery in china, A literature review, Health Econ. 17: 149-165 (2008) Ekman, B and Bales, S. Viet Nam: Good Practice- in Expanding Health Care Coverage-Lessons from Reform in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Chapter 14 in Gottret et al. editors. Good Practices in Health Financing, World Bank, 2008. Government of Vietnam, Socio-Economic Development Strategy 2011-2020 (Draft 4) Kutzin et al. Implementing Health Financing Reform: Lessons from countries in Transition, WHO 2010, European Observatory on Health Systems Langenbrunner et al. Overview of Provider Payment Systems in Designing and Implementing Health Care Provider Payment Systems, Edited by Langenbrunner et al. World Bank 2009 Langenbrunner, J. et al, Designing and Implementing Health Care Provider Payment Systems, 2009 World Bank / USAID, Liebermann, S., and Wagstaff, A. Health Financing and delivery in Viet Nam, World Bank 2009 Limwattananon et al., Equity in financing healthcare: impact of universal access to healthcare in Thailand, EQUITAP Project: Working Paper. Number 16 Long, T.G. Social Health Insurance in Vietnam: Current Issues and Policy Recommendations. ILO, 2007 Meng, Q. and Tang, S. Universal Coverage of Health Care in China: Challenges and Opportunities World Health Report Background Paper, 7, WHO, 2010 Ministry of Health / Health Partnership Group 2008 Joint Annual Health Review (2008) Ministry of Health / Health Partnership Group 2010 Joint Annual Health Review (2010) Strategic Options for Financing Health System Modernization and Development: what can Vietnam learn from international experiences? Oxford 46 Policy Management Ministry of Health Report Study on the possibility of implementing universal health insurance (Feb 2011) Ministry of Health, Health Strategy 2010-2020 (Draft) Rotter et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of clinical pathways on length of stay, hospital costs and patient outcomes, BMC Health Services Research 2008, 8:265 doi Tang, S.H et al. Reform of how health care is paid for in China: challenges and opportunities, Lancet, Published online October 20, 2008, DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61368-9 Taylor, R and Blair, S. Options for Reform through Public-Private Partnerships Options for Reform through Public-Private Partnerships www.worldbank.org, Accessed 11 March 2011 UNICEF Report - REF required Wagstaff, A and Lindelow, W. Can Insurance Increase Financial Risk? The Curious Case of Health Insurance in China, Gansu Survey of Children and Families Papers, University of Pennsylvania, 2005 Wagstaff et al., Extending Health Insurance to the Rural Population: An Impact Evaluation of China's New Cooperative Medical Scheme, World Bank, 2007 IMPACT EVALUATION SERIES NO. 12 Wagstaff and Bredenkamp. Health equity and financial protection in Vietnam: a HEFPro report. Washington, DC: World Bank. 2011 Wibulpolprasert, S. and Thaiprayoon, S Thailand: Good Practice in Expanding Health Coverage Lessons from the Thai Health Care Reforms, Chapter 12 in Gottret et al. editors. Good Practices in Health Financing, World Bank, 2008. Witter, S et al. Towards an understanding of the 'four directions of travel': qualitative research into the factors affecting recruitment and retention of doctors in rural Vietnam, 2010 (forthcoming with Human Resources for Health journal) World Bank, Health Financing Note East Asia and Pacific Region World Bank 2009, Volume 1, Main Report World Health Organisation, World Health Statistics, WHO 2010 World health Organisation. Health Financing Strategy for the Asia Pacific Region 2010-2015, WHO 2008 Xu, K. et al. Financial risk protection of National Health Insurance in the Republic of Korea:1995- 2007 WHO, World Health Report (2010) Background Paper, 23 World Health Organisation Health Financing strategy for the Asia Pacific Region (2010-2015), WHO 2010.pub2865pu