Plant growth promoting characterization of indigenous phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria and effects on germination of some crops in Vietnam

Inorganic Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) are widely present in nature and have been successfully applied in fields in many countries. However, researches on indigenous PSB are still very limited in Vietnam. The objective of this study was to isolate and evaluate the growth promoting characteristics and effects on germination of seed of indigenous PSB for fertilizer production from PSB. Thirteen isolates of indigenous PSB were collected using selective isolation medium containing Ca3(PO4)2, of which eight added the ability to dissolve AlPO4 and five isolates added the ability to dissolve FePO4. Initial qualitative tests indicated that all thirteen PSB isolates were incapable of HCN and lipase production while other growth promoting activities including amylase, caseinase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinase, indole acetic acid, K solubility, Zn solubility, and N fixation varied according to PSB isolate. The collected PSB isolates had no effect on seed germination rate, root length, and hypocotyl length of plantules of soybean, rice, maize, cucumber, tomato, and chili by plate assay. This study had shown that PSB was also common in the rhizosphere of various crops in Vietnam. Therefore, isolation to enrich the indigenous PSB collection was essential for the screening of suitable PSB strains for subsequent fertilizer production

Unveiling the potential of diffusion model‑based framework with transformer for hyperspectral image classification

Hyperspectral imaging has gained popularity for analysing remotely sensed images in various fields such as agriculture and medical. However, existing models face challenges in dealing with the complex relationships and characteristics of spectral–spatial data due to the multi-band nature and data redundancy of hyperspectral data. To address this limitation, we propose a novel approach called DiffSpectralNet, which combines diffusion and transformer techniques. The diffusion method is able to extract diverse and meaningful spectral–spatial features, leading to improvement in HSI classification. Our approach involves training an unsupervised learning framework based on the diffusion model to extract high-level and low-level spectral–spatial features, followed by the extraction of intermediate hierarchical features from different timestamps for classification using a pre-trained denoising U-Net. Finally, we employ a supervised transformer-based classifier to perform the HSI classification. We conduct comprehensive experiments on three publicly available datasets to validate our approach. The results demonstrate that our framework significantly outperforms existing approaches, achieving state-of-the-art performance. The stability and reliability of our approach are demonstrated across various classes in all datasets

Rateless codes-based secure communication employing transmit antenna selection and harvest-to-jam under joint effect of interference and hardware impairments

In this paper, we propose a rateless codes-based communication protocol to provide security for wireless systems. In the proposed protocol, a source uses the transmit antenna selection (TAS) technique to transmit Fountain-encoded packets to a destination in presence of an eavesdropper. Moreover, a cooperative jammer node harvests energy from radio frequency (RF) signals of the source and the interference sources to generate jamming noises on the eavesdropper. The data transmission terminates as soon as the destination can receive a sufficient number of the encoded packets for decoding the original data of the source. To obtain secure communication, the destination must receive sufficient encoded packets before the eavesdropper. The combination of the TAS and harvest-to-jam techniques obtains the security and efficient energy via reducing the number of the data transmission, increasing the quality of the data channel, decreasing the quality of the eavesdropping channel, and supporting the energy for the jammer. The main contribution of this paper is to derive exact closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP), probability of successful and secure communication (SS), intercept probability (IP) and average number of time slots used by the source over Rayleigh fading channel under the joint impact of co-channel interference and hardware impairments. Then, Monte Carlo simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results.Web of Science217art. no. 70

Accounting conservatism and banking expertise on board of directors

Previous studies show mixed evidence of the role of banking expertise on the board of directors on accounting conservatism. In this paper, we add to this growing literature by providing an innovative way to measure banking expertise based on life-time working history in banks of all individual directors on the board. We find that accounting conservatism is negatively affected by banking expertise on the board. Also, the results indicate that banking expertise on the board has a more pronounced impact on accounting conservatism when firms have high bankruptcy risk and when firms have high financial leverage. The evidence has some implications for boards of directors

Sustainable Growth and Ethics: a Study of Business Ethics in Vietnam Between Business Students and Working Adults

Sustainable growth is not only the ultimate goal of business corporations but also the primary target of local governments as well as regional and global economies. One of the cornerstones of sustainable growth is ethics. An ethical organizational culture provides support to achieve sustainable growth. Ethical leaders and employees have great potential for positive influence on decisions and behaviors that lead to sustainability. Ethical behavior, therefore, is expected of everyone in the modern workplace. As a result, companies devote many resources and training programs to make sure their employees live according to the high ethical standards. This study provides an analysis of Vietnamese business students’ level of ethical maturity based on gender, education, work experience, and ethics training. The results of data from 260 business students compared with 704 working adults in Vietnam demonstrate that students have a significantly higher level of ethical maturity. Furthermore, gender and work experience are significant factors in ethical maturity. While more educated respondents and those who had completed an ethics course did have a higher level of ethical maturity, the results were not statistically significant. Analysis of the results along with suggestions and implications are provided

Batch and column adsorption of reactive dye by eggshell powder–chitosan gel core-shell material

In this study, eggshell powder-chitosan gel (EPCG) material was synthesized and tested as an adsorbent for two commercial reactive dyes in batch and dynamic modes. The EPCG material was a novel core-shell material in which the eggshell core particles were coated by a thin layer of chitosan. SEM images of dried EPCG powder showed a porous structure of the surface. In adsorption batch tests, Langmuir and Freundlich equations well described the adsorption isotherms with a maximum capacity of 2.3 mg/g at pH 4 and equilibrium time of 60 min (r2> 0.98). The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Adsorption behaviour of EPCG toward the reactive dyes in fixed-bed adsorber was better described by the Clark model (r2> 0.92) than by the Bohart – Adam model (r2> 0.82). These results suggest that EPCG, as an environment-friendly material produced from waste eggshell, is very promising for wastewater treatment applications

Seismic Interpretation of the Nam Con Son Basin and Its Implication for the Tectonic Evolution

DOI:10.17014/ijog.3.2.127-137The Nam Con Son Basin covering an area of circa 110,000 km2 is characterized by complex tectonic settings of the basin which has not fully been understood. Multiple faults allowed favourable migration passageways for hydrocarbons to go in and out of traps. Despite a large amount of newly acquired seismic and well data there is no significant update on the tectonic evolution and history of the basin development. In this study, the vast amount of seismic and well data were integrated and reinterpreted to define the key structural events in the Nam Con Son Basin. The results show that the basin has undergone two extentional phases. The first N - S extensional phase terminated at around 30 M.a. forming E - W trending grabens which are complicated by multiple half grabens filled by Lower Oligocene sediments. These grabens were reactivated during the second NW - SE extension (Middle Miocene), that resulted from the progressive propagation of NE-SW listric fault from the middle part of the grabens to the margins, and the large scale building up of roll-over structure. Further to the SW, the faults of the second extentional phase turn to NNE-SSW and ultimately N - S in the SW edge of the basin. Most of the fault systems were inactive by Upper Miocene except for the N - S fault system which is still active until recent time