On Maximal and Minimal Solutions for Set-Valued Differential Equations with Feedback Control

In this paper, we present the existence of extremal solutions of set-valued differential equations with feedback control on semilinear Hausdorff space under Hukuhara derivative which is developed under the form D H X t F t, X t , H t, X t , X 0 X 0 , for all t ∈ 0, T with the monotone iterative technique and we will verify that monotone sequence of approximate solutions converging uniformly to the solution of the problem, that is useful for optimization problems

Crack growth modelling: enriched continuum vs. discrete models

Failure in quasi-brittle materials usually appears in the form of narrow bands called fracture process zones, where all inelastic deformation takes place, while the surrounding bulk material outside those areas typically unloads elastically. This localised nature of failure is the main source of size effects in these materials, since the width of the fracture process zone is a material property that does not scale with the size of the material volume. An adequate description of localised failure and associated size effects requires both size and behaviour of the fracture process zone and neighbouring material to be properly taken into account. In this study, we present two alternative approaches for modelling localised failure and simulating fracture propagation using finite element methods. In the first approach, an embedded crack appears at a constitutive level by enriching the kinematics of constitutive models, while in the second one this is done at the finite element level using cohesive interface elements. The advantages and shortcomings of both are presented through one numerical example on the failure of fibre-reinforced composite materials

Exploiting secure performance of full-duplex decode and forward in optimal relay selection networks

In the presence of an illegitimate user, we investigate the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the optimal relay selection (ORS) networks by applying decode-and-forward (DnF) based full-duplex (FD) relaying mode. The closed-form expressions for the allocations of the end-to-end signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in each wireless network are derived as well as the closed-form expression for the exact SOP of the proposed ORS system is presented under Rayleigh fading schemes. As an important achievement, SOP is also compared between orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes. Our results reveal that the SOP of the suggested scheme can be considerably influenced by several parameters involved, including the number of relays, the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of eavesdropper links, transmit power and the average residual self-interference (SI) enforced on the FD relays.Web of Science244767

Unmanned aerial vehicle-aided cooperative regenerative relaying network under various environments

This paper studies a cooperative relay network that comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabling amplify-and-forward (AF) and power splitting (PS) based energy harvesting. The considered system can be constructed in various environments such as suburban, urban, dense urban, and high-rise urban where the air-to-ground channels are model by a mixture of Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading. Then, outage probability and ergodic capacity are provided under different environment-based parameters. Optimal PS ratios are also provided under normal and high transmit power regimes. Finally, the accuracy of the analytical results is validated through Monte Carlo methods

Influence of Time Dependence of Dynamic Laser Parameter on the Three Modes Random Laser Operation

In this report we demonstrate the transformation of the photon density curves in operation of a three modes random laser when the gain coefficients of modes depending on time.Supposing gain coefficients having Gaussian profile and using Matlab language, we have solved the basic equations describing the operation of a three modes random laser. The received results give us more real knowledge about the appearance of modes in random laser

Allergic airway inflammation induces upregulation of the expression of IL-23R by macrophages and not in CD3 + T cells and CD11c+F4/80- dendritic cells of the lung

Interleukin 23 and the interleukin 23 receptor (IL-23-IL23R) are described as the major enhancing factors for Interleukin 17 (IL-17) in allergic airway infammation. IL-17 is considered to induce neutrophilic infammation in the lung, which is often observed in severe, steroid-resistant asthma-phenotypes. For that reason, understanding of IL-23 and IL-17 axis is very important for future therapy strategies, targeting neutrophil pathway of bronchial asthma. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and expression of IL-23R under physiological and infammatory conditions. Therefore, a house dust mite (HDM) model of allergic airway infammation was performed by treating mice with HDM intranasally. Immunofuorescence staining with panel of antibodies was performed in lung tissues to examine the macrophage, dendritic cell, and T cell subpopulations. The allergic airway infammation was quantifed by histopathological analysis, ELISA measurements, and airway function. HDM-treated mice exhibited a signifcant allergic airway infammation including higher amounts of NE+ cells in lung parenchyma. We found only a small amount of IL-23R positives, out of total CD3+T cells, and no upregulation in HDMtreated animals. In contrast, the populations of F4/80+ macrophages and CD11c+F4/80− dendritic cells (DCs) with IL-23R expression were found to be higher. But HDM treatment leads to a signifcant increase of IL-23R+ macrophages, only. IL23R was expressed by every examined macrophage subpopulation, whereas only Mϕ1 and hybrids between Mϕ1 and Mϕ2 phenotype and not Mϕ2 were found to upregulate IL-23R. Co-localization of IL-23R and IL-17 was only observed in F4/80+ macrophages, suggesting F4/80+ macrophages express IL-23R along with IL-17 in lung tissue. The study revealed that macrophages involving the IL-23 and IL-17 pathway may provide a potential interesting therapeutic target in neutrophilic bronchial asthma

Backscatter-assisted data offloading in OFDMA-based wireless powered mobile edge computing for IoT networks

Mobile edge computing (MEC) has emerged as a prominent technology to overcome sudden demands on computation-intensive applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) with finite processing capabilities. Nevertheless, the limited energy resources also seriously hinders IoT devices from offloading tasks that consume high power in active RF communications. Despite the development of energy harvesting (EH) techniques, the harvested energy from surrounding environments could be inadequate for power-hungry tasks. Fortunately, Backscatter communications (Backcom) is an intriguing technology to narrow the gap between the power needed for communication and harvested power. Motivated by these considerations, this paper investigates a backscatter-assisted data offloading in OFDMA-based wireless-powered (WP) MEC for IoT systems. Specifically, we aim at maximizing the sum computation rate by jointly optimizing the transmit power at the gateway (GW), backscatter coefficient, time-splitting (TS) ratio, and binary decision-making matrices. This problem is challenging to solve due to its non-convexity. To find solutions, we first simplify the problem by determining the optimal values of transmit power of the GW and backscatter coefficient. Then, the original problem is decomposed into two sub-problems, namely, TS ratio optimization with given offloading decision matrices and offloading decision optimization with given TS ratio. Especially, a closedform expression for the TS ratio is obtained which greatly enhances the CPU execution time. Based on the solutions of the two sub-problems, an efficient algorithm, termed the fast-efficient algorithm (FEA), is proposed by leveraging the block coordinate descent method. Then, it is compared with exhaustive search (ES), bisection-based algorithm (BA), edge computing (EC), and local computing (LC) used as reference methods. As a result, the FEA is the best solution which results in a near-globally-optimal solution at a much lower complexity as compared to benchmark schemes. For instance, the CPU execution time of FEA is about 0.029 second in a 50-user network, which is tailored for ultralow latency applications of IoT networks