Adsorption Isotherm Measurement and Correlation of Toluene and n-Hexane on Activated Carbon in an Aqueous Solution / by Nguyen My Anh Hoa, QD 501 .H678 2005

Thenumber of hazardous waste disposals reported has increased in recentyearsdue to improper management of chemical generated by chemical and petrochemical industries. Volatile organic compounds are one of the major pollutants to the environment. Two of the volatile organics compounds selected for this study are toluene and n-hexane are The adsorption measurement in aqueous solutions has been carried out by using batch system at 35°C, 55°C and 65°C with the range of initial concentration between 10 to 200ppm. There are three types of activated carbon that have been used, which are Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) 2.5mm, Granular Activated Carbon 0.25mm, and Powder Activated Carbon. The objectives of this study are to determine the adsorption isotherms of toluene and n-hexane on activated carbon through the adsorption process, to investigate the effect of temperature on the adsorption capacity of toluene and n-hexane, and to model the experimental adsorption isotherm databy using the established adsorption isotherm equations on activated carbon. The equilibrium concentrations have been analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Gas Chromatography with Purge and Trap after the solutions were adsorbed for 24 hours. The toluene adsorption isotherm has the S-shaped form and of type V isotherm based on the classification of Brunaeur, Deming, Deming and Teller (BDDT). Among the three temperature conditions, it is found that the adsorption favors the lowest temperature (35°C). This indicates that adsorption process is exothermic, lower the temperature will shift the adsorption equilibrium to adsorption rather than desorption. GAC 2.5 mm is found to have the highest adsorption capacityamongthe others. It is impossible to carry out the experimentwith n-hexane due to its high volatility. The amount of n-hexane is considered negligible in aqueous solution and adsorption process does not require. Freundlich isotherm is the most popular model which is widely used in the correlation of liquid adsorption. Sips isotherm which is the combination between Langmuirand Freundlichequation is an alternative model. However, the techniques were not successful with toluene isotherm measurement

La perturbation du locus Nr2f1-K12 entraine une différenciation gliale précoce dans un nouveau modèle murin de mégacôlon aganglionnaire

La maladie de Hirschsprung est une affection congénitale de la motilité intestinale caractérisée par un segment aganglionnaire dans le côlon terminal. Un criblage génétique par mutation insertionnelle aléatoire chez la souris nous a permis d’identifier la lignée transgénique Spot dont les homozygotes souffrent de mégacôlon aganglionnaire. L’analyse d’intestins d’embryons mutants a révélé une baisse de prolifération et un délai de migration des cellules de la crête neurale entériques (CCNe) progénitrices dus à leur différenciation gliale précoce, entrainant un défaut de colonisation de l’intestin et une aganglionose du côlon. Le séquençage du génome Spot indique que le transgène s’est inséré à l’intérieur du locus K12-Nr2f1 sur le chromosome 13, une région dépourvue de gènes préalablement associés à la maladie, perturbant également une séquence non-codante très conservée dans l’évolution. K12 est un gène d’ARN long non codant (ARNlnc) et antisens du gène Nr2f1, lui-même impliqué dans la gliogénèse du système nerveux central. Le séquençage du transcriptome des CCN a montré une surexpression de Nr2f1 et des formes courtes de K12 chez Spot et des essais luciférase ont révélé l’activité répressive de l’élément conservé. Nous avons observé l’expression de K12 dans les CCNe et sa localisation subcellulaire dans des zones transcriptionnellement actives du noyau. Avec l’émergence des ARNlnc régulateurs, ces données nous permettent de pointer deux nouveaux gènes candidats associés à une différenciation gliale prématurée du SNE menant au mégacôlon aganglionnaire, en supposant que la régulation de Nr2f1 se fait par son antisens, K12.Hirschsprung disease is a congenital intestinal motility disorder characterized by an aganglionic segment in the distal colon. A genetic screen performed via random insertional mutagenesis in mice allowed identifying the Spot line, whose homozygotes suffer from an aganglionic megacolon. The analysis of mutant embryonic intestines revealed a decreased proliferation rate and a delay in migration of the enteric neural crest cell (eNCC) progenitors, secondary to their early glial differentiation, resulting in failure to properly colonize the intestine. Sequencing of the Spot genome indicated that the transgene was inserted into the K12-Nr2f1 locus on chromosome 13, a region devoid of genes associated with the disease, and disrupted in addition a highly conserved non-coding sequence. K12 is an uncharacterized long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) gene antisense to the Nr2f1 gene, which is involved in gliogenesis in the central nervous system. Sequencing of the eNCC transcriptome revealed an overexpression of Nr2f1 and short forms of K12 in Spot, and luciferase assays showed repressive activity of the conserved element. We observed the expression of K12 in the eNCC and its subcellular localization in transcriptionally active zones of the nucleus. With the recent emergence of LncRNA regulators and supposing that the regulation of Nr2f1 is done by its antisense K12, these data allowed us identifying two new candidate genes associated with a premature glial differentiation leading to aganglionic megacolon

The application of green YPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+ and red LiLaO2:Eu3+ layers to remote phosphor LED

Remote phosphor structure is commonly limited in color quality, but has greater luminous flux when comparing to structures with in-cup or conformal coating. From this dilemma, various researches with advance modifications have been proposed to perfect the chromatic performance of remote structure. In this research, we reach higher color quality by obtaining better values in quality indcators such as color rendering index (CRI) and color quality scale (CQS) with the dual-layer phosphor in our remote white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). The idea is to ultize WLEDs with 7000 K correlated color temperature (CCT) and create dual-layer configuration with yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+ under green phosphor YPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+ or red phosphor LiLaO2:Eu3+. After that, we search for suitable concentration of LiLaO2:Eu3+ for addition in order to acquire the finest color quality. The result shows that WLED with LiLaO2:Eu3+ has better CRI and CQS as the higher the concentration of LiLaO2:Eu3+, the larger CRI and CQS due to increased light scattered in WLEDs. Meanwhile, the green phosphor layer YPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+ give advantages to luminous flux. However, the reduction in luminous flux and color quality occurs when the concentration of LiLaO2:Eu3+ and YPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+ over increase. Results are verified by Mie theory and Beer’s Law and can be applied to practical manufacturing of high quality WLEDs

The application of green YF3:Er3+,Yb3+ and red MgSr3Si2O8:Eu2+,Mn2+ layers to remote phosphor LED

White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with quantum dots (QDs) and phosphor have pulled in huge consideration because of their incredible shading rendering capacity. In the bundling procedure, a QDs film and a phosphor silicone layer will in general be isolated for lessening the reabsorption misfortunes and keeping the QDs surface molecules in a good condition. This examination explored the bundling succession of QDs and phosphor layers to the optical and warm exhibitions of WLEDs. The emitted optical power and PL spectra were estimated and dissected, while an infrared warm imager was utilized to reenact and approve tentatively the temperature fields. The results reveal that at 60 mA, WLEDs with green QDs-on-phosphor type accomplished lumen output (LO) of 1578 lm, with shading rendering record (CRI) of Ra = 60, while the red QDs-on-phosphor type WLEDs exhibited lower LO of 1000 lm, with Ra = 82. In addition, the QDs-onphosphor type WLEDs generated less warmth than the other, and as a result, the most noteworthy temperature in this packaged type was lower than the other. Additionally, its temperature contrast can arrive at 12.3°C. Along these lines, regarding bundling arrangement, the QDs-on-phosphor type is an ideal bundling design to better the optical productivity and shading rendering capacity, as well as lower gadget temperature

Acquiring higher lumen efficacy and color rendering index with green NaYF4:Er3+Yb3+ and red α-SrO·3B2O3:Sm2+ layers for designing remote phosphor LED

Lighting devices that apply diodes to create white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) can achieve remarkable results in color quality, especially those containing quantum dots (QDs) and phosphor. The technique to create an appropriate package is providing spaces between the QDs and phosphor components which helps decrease the ratio of the reabsorption losses and keeps the QDs surface ligands constant. The research aims to perfect the constructing method of remote phosphor configuration containing quantum dots and phosphor materials that based on lighting properties and temperature feature of WLEDs. The infrared thermography is the tool to measure and analyze total emitted light and emission ranges of the device. This device is also used in temperature simulation and experimental verification. At the given mA of 60, the WLEDs structure with green QDs layer above the phosphor layer results in 996 lm luminous flux (LF), and Ra = 57 in color rendering ability. Meanwhile, luminous flux of WLEDs with red QDs-on-phosphor structure is 632, and Ra = 70. Furthermore, comparing with the green QDs-on-phosphor type, the red QDs-on-phosphor type emitted less LF. However, the red QDs-on-phosphor type can be the most effective package design to achieve color rendering ability

The impacts of red-emitting phosphor Mg8Ge2O11F2:Mn4+ on the color rendering index of convex-dual-layer remote phosphor WLEDs at 5600 K

The poor color rendering index (CRI) induced by mono chip and phosphor configuration in the conventional white-light light-emitting diode (LED) urges for developments in both packaging and material, thus, a modern lighting solution was introduced. The dual-layer phosphor package is an innovative configuration that can retain the lumen output of conventional white light emitting diode (WLED) while also enhancing color quality. The structure of dual-layer phosphor package that was proposed includes two chips and one phosphor. The priority in this research is to keep improving the lighting properties of WLED, therefore, further experiments with this dual-chips and dual-phosphor package are conducted. The lighting properties of LED are measured multiple times with its nitride-based phosphor being altered in proportions and densities each occasion, the results are calculated with a color design model made specifically to monitor and adjust the color of white-light from LED to match desired outcome. The WLED at 5600 K correlated color temperature (CCT) is the sole research object of the experiments. The measured parameters from the 5600 K WLED and the color coordinates of CIE 1931 simulated from the color design model show that 0.0063 is the highest possible discrepancy at 5600 K (CCT). The information from this manuscript provide the manufacturers with the most efficient approach to create a white LED that has good color quality, high CRI and luminous flux

Kinematic and dynamic modelling for a class of hybrid robots composed of m local closed-loop linkages appended to an n-link serial manipulator

Recently, more and more hybrid robots have been designed to meet the increasing demand for a wide spectrum of applications. However, development of a general and systematic method for kinematic design and dynamic analysis for hybrid robots is rare. Most publications deal with the kinematic and dynamic issues for individual hybrid robots rather than any generalization. Hence, in this paper, we present a novel method for kinematic and dynamic modelling for a class of hybrid robots. First, a generic scheme for the kinematic design of a general hybrid robot mechanism is proposed. In this manner, the kinematic equation and the constraint equations for the robot class are derived in a generalized case. Second, in order to simplify the dynamic modelling and analysis of the complex hybrid robots, a Lemma about the analytical relationship among the generalized velocities of a hybrid robot system is proven in a generalized case as well. Last, examples of the kinematic and dynamic modelling of a newly designed hybrid robot are presented to demonstrate and validate the proposed method