On the number of solutions of N − p = P3

AbstractA lower bound of Richert on the number of solutions of N − p = P3 is improved

Directional Speaker Poster

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Zen: Near-Optimal Sparse Tensor Synchronization for Distributed DNN Training

Distributed training is the de facto standard to scale up the training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with multiple GPUs. The performance bottleneck of distributed training lies in communications for gradient synchronization. Recently, practitioners have observed sparsity in gradient tensors, suggesting the potential to reduce the traffic volume in communication and improve end-to-end training efficiency. Yet, the optimal communication scheme to fully leverage sparsity is still missing. This paper aims to address this gap. We first analyze the characteristics of sparse tensors in popular DNN models to understand the fundamentals of sparsity. We then systematically explore the design space of communication schemes for sparse tensors and find the optimal one. % We then find the optimal scheme based on the characteristics by systematically exploring the design space. We also develop a gradient synchronization system called Zen that approximately realizes it for sparse tensors. We demonstrate that Zen can achieve up to 5.09x speedup in communication time and up to 2.48x speedup in training throughput compared to the state-of-the-art methods

Background heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn) in modiolus sp. collected from the coast waters of Peninsular Malaysia: A preliminary study.

The heavy metal concentrations in little black mussel Modiolus sp. have not been previously reported from Malaysia. In this study, the mussel species is widely distributed the coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia and this mussel are found in Pantai Sri Tujuh [Kelantan], K. Kedah [Kedah], Kg. Sg. Berembang, Kg. Sg. Baru and Kuala Perlis [Perlis], and Bagan Tiang [Perak], Jeram and Sg. Janggut [Selangor]. From the 12 mussel populations collected in this study, the ranges of the metal concentrations (μg/g dry weight) in the total soft tissues and shells were 2.246.73 and 4.159.53 for Cd, 10.0231.94 and 6.2810.17 for Cu, 1.3549.38 and 22.2248.45 for Ni, 4.7556.27, and 54.86112.31 for Pb, 5985582 and 158 544 for Fe, and 43.8162 and 1.5025.4 for Zn. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the metal concentrations of Modiolus sp. collected from the coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia. The present data are important for future ecotoxicological, genetic biochemical and molecular studies in establishing this marine mussel as a good biomonitor

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the Straits of Johore by using transplanted caged mussel, Perna viridis

In this study, a polluted site at Kg. Pasir Puteh was assessed for heavy metal pollution by using transplanted caged mussel (Perna viridis) from a relatively clean population, Sg. Melayu; both are located in the Strait of Johore. For control purposes, the P. viridis from Kg. Pasir Puteh were also simultaneously transplanted in Sg. Melayu at the same time. It was found that Zn was the metal which got accumulated fastest in the transplanted mussel while Cd was the slowest. This study indicated that the byssus of Perna viridis was most effective for biomonitoring of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn, while the shell could be used for the biomonitoring of Cu, Ni and Pb and the total soft tissue for the biomonitoring of Ni since they were able to accumulate and eliminate the respective metals well. By using mussel as a biomonitor, the present study found that Kg. Pasir Puteh, which is located in the eastern part of the Strait of Johore, had significantly higher contamination and bioavailabilities of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn. Therefore, the use of the transplanted caged mussels is very useful for heavy metal assessment purposes since it can increase the validity of data interpretation by minimizing ecological factors

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the Straits of Johore by using transplanted caged mussels, Perna viridis

In this study, a polluted site at Kg. Pasir Puteh was assessed for heavy metal pollution by using transplanted caged mussel (Perna viridis) from a relatively clean population, Sg. Melayu; both are located in the Strait of Johore. For control purposes, the P. viridis from Kg. Pasir Puteh were also simultaneously transplanted in Sg. Melayu at the same time. It was found that Zn was the metal which got accumulated fastest in the transplanted mussel while Cd was the slowest. This study indicated that the byssus of Perna viridis was most effective for biomonitoring of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn, while the shell could be used for the biomonitoring of Cu, Ni and Pb and the total soft tissue for the biomonitoring of Ni since they were able to accumulate and eliminate the respective metals well. By using mussel as a biomonitor, the present study found that Kg. Pasir Puteh, which is located in the eastern part of the Strait of Johore, had significantly higher contamination and bioavailabilities of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn. Therefore, the use of the transplanted caged mussels is very useful for heavy metal assessment purposes since it can increase the validity of data interpretation by minimizing ecological factors