Mammography in Rural Areas of Iran: A Qualitative Study for Designing a Social Marketing Intervention

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer leading to death in women. So, early detection and treatment of it is very important and increase the patient survival. Mammography is one of the most effective methods for diagnosis of the breast cancer. We aimed to study for designing a social marketing intervention in rural areas of Bojnourd, Iran to propagate using mammography among women. Method: In this qualitative study, 46 women in four focus group discussions (FGD) discussed their views and ideas about mammography. All discussions were voice-recorded and written by two note takers. Using ATLAS.ti5.2 software, the collected data were analyzed. Results: Five main themes including mammography in general, barriers to doing mammography, appropriate communication methods and channels and opinion leaders for them to do this exam, were extracted. Conclusion: Designing a social marketing-based intervention can be useful for propagation of using mammography among women. Keywords: Breast cancer, Mammography, Qualitative study, Social marketing, Rural wome

بررسی اثربخشی اجرای برنامه ملی پاسخ نظام سلامت در بلایا و فوریت ها بر اساس دیدگاه های ارائه دهندگان خدمات بهداشتی شاغل در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی در سال 1400

Background and Aims: National Disaster Response Framework has been developed in order to properly direct the operation process and response to various types of disasters in the health system in order to use this framework to unify the guidelines related to disaster risk management and according to the current structures. , Related laws and regulations are implemented. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the implementation of the national program of the health system response to disasters and emergencies based on the views of healthcare providers working at North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 1400. The target population was healthcare providers. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with two areas of preparation and response, which was designed and developed according to the areas of the National Health System Response Program. SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis and logistic regression was used to analyze the data to examine the relationship between variables. In this study, the principles of the Helsinki Declaration were considered. Results: The number of participants in this study was 453, of which 146 (32.2%) were male and the rest were female. 65.6% of the participants in this study considered the effectiveness of the national health system response program in disasters and emergencies as favorable. The effectiveness of effectiveness in the field of preparedness was equal to 66.7% and in the field of response 55.6%. According to the results of multivariate logistic regression tests, there is a significant relationship between the experience in disaster situations, responsibilities in disasters, city of providing care, place of employment with effectiveness score status, and sub-areas of preparedness and response. Conclusion: It seems that the national response plan is far from achieving the desired results in terms of the areas under study, and measures such as staff training, in-service orientation courses, and training should be provided to increase staff preparedness to deal with the crisis. How to cite this article: Jahangiri K, Shoraka HR, Neyestani H. The Effectiveness of the National Response Framework  Implementation in Disasters and Emergencies Based on Healthcare Providers’ Views of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2022;10(2):142-54.  سابقه و هدف: برنامه ملی پاسخ به حوادث به‌منظور جهت‌دهی مناسب به فرایند عملیات و پاسخ به انواع بلایا در نظام سلامت تدوین شده تا با بهره‌گیری از این چارچوب دستورالعمل‌های مرتبط با مدیریت خطر حوادث و بلایا یکسان‌سازی و باتوجه‌به ساختارهای فعلی، قوانین و مقررات مرتبط اجرایی گردد. پژوهش باهدف بررسی اثربخشی اجرای برنامه ملی پاسخ نظام سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها بر اساس دیدگاه‌های ارائه‌دهندگان خدمات بهداشتی شاغل در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی در سال 1400 انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه به‌صورت توصیفی - تحلیلی در سال 1400 انجام شد. محیط پژوهش، مراکز بهداشتی تحت پوشش معاونت بهداشتی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی و جمعیت مطالعه، کلیه ارائه‌دهندگان خدمات بهداشتی شاغل در این مراکز بودند. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته دارای دو حیطه آمادگی و پاسخ بود که باتوجه‌به حیطه‌های برنامه ملی پاسخ نظام سلامت طراحی و تدوین شد. برای آنالیز داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 22 و برای تحلیل داده‌ها از رگرسیون لجستیک چندگانه استفاده شد. در انجام این مطالعه به اصول بیانیه هلسینکی توجه شد. نتایج: تعداد شرکت‌کنندگان در این مطالعه 453 نفر بود که 146 نفر (32.2 درصد) مرد و بقیه زن بودند. 65.6 درصد از شرکت‌کنندگان در این مطالعه وضعیت اثربخشی برنامه ملی پاسخ نظام سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها را مطلوب دانستند و میزان مطلوبیت اثربخشی در حیطه آمادگی برابر با 66.7 درصد و در حیطه پاسخ 55.6 درصد تعیین شد. باتوجه‌به نتیجه آزمون رگرسیون لجستیک چندگانه بین سابقه حضور در بحران، داشتن مسئولیت در زمان بحران، شهرستان محل خدمت و محل اشتغال و وضعیت نمره اثربخشی، و زیر حیطه‌های آمادگی و پاسخ رابطه معنی‌دار وجود داشت. نتیجه گیری: به نظر می‌رسد برنامه ملی پاسخ باتوجه‌به حیطه‌های مورد بررسی تا دستیابی به نتایج مطلوب فاصله دارد و باید به اقداماتی نظیر آموزش پرسنل، برگزاری دوره‌های توجیهی ضمن خدمت، پرداخت تا آمادگی کارکنان برای مقابله با بحران بیشتر شود. How to cite this article: Jahangiri K, Shoraka HR, Neyestani H. The Effectiveness of the National Response Framework  Implementation in Disasters and Emergencies Based on Healthcare Providers’ Views of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2022;10(2):142-54.     &nbsp

ARIMA-based decoupled time series forecasting of electric vehicle charging demand for stochastic power system operation

Large-scale utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) affects the total electricity demand considerably. Demand forecast is usually designed for the seasonally changing load patterns. However, with the high penetration of EVs, daily charging demand makes traditional forecasting methods less accurate. This paper presents an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method for demand forecasting of conventional electrical load (CEL) and charging demand of EV (CDE) parking lots simultaneously. Our EV charging demand prediction model takes daily driving patterns and distances as an input to determine the expected charging load profiles. The parameters of the ARIMA model are tuned so that the mean square error (MSE) of the forecaster is minimized. We improve the accuracy of ARIMA forecaster by optimizing the integrated and auto-regressive order parameters. Furthermore, due to the different seasonal and daily pattern of CEL and CDE, the proposed decoupled demand forecasting method provides significant improvement in terms of error reduction. The impact of EV charging demand on the accuracy of the proposed load forecaster is also analyzed in two approaches: (1) integrated forecaster for CEL + CDE, and (2) decoupled forecaster that targets CEL and CDE independently. The forecaster outputs are used to formulate a chance-constrained day-ahead scheduling problem. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed forecaster and its influence on the stochastic power system operation