Rehabilitation of a Child with Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy: Case Report Described by Parents

This paper presents a case report of a child with Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy on the right arm, with C5, C6, and C7 nerve injuries. The symptoms presented at birth and at the time of diagnosis were absence of movement in the right arm but with mobility of the fingers; internal rotation of the injured limb with elbow extension; active flexion of the wrist and fingers; and ulnar deviation of the hand. The rehabilitation plan followed the conservative approach and included different intervention strategies (passive and active mobilisation, kinesio tape, use of splints, bimanual stimulation, etc.) carried out by the occupational therapist and the physical therapist. The rehabilitation allowed the child to have a functional limb for daily activities, with bimanual motor integration and coordination; passive and active range of motion in the different joints except for pronation, sensibility, and maintained strength. In conclusion, it can be said that this case report describes a set of rehabilitation strategies that were used in the conservative treatment of a child with NBPP and the functional gains they allowed. Early intervention, parental involvement in the rehabilitation process, and continuous follow-up of the child favoured the prognosis and allowed the prevention of functional sequelae of the limb.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bioinert, biodegradable and injectable polymeric matrix composites for hard tissue replacement: state of the art and recent developments

The present review paper examines the use of different types of polymeric matrix composites in hard tissue replacement applications. The review presents the actual state of the art in the fields of bioinert composites for permanent applications, biodegradable matrix composites for temporary applications and the emerging area of injectable composites.In all cases some recent developments are also discussed.The paper starts with an introduction to locate the reader. Bone–analogue composites are then extensively discussed.Several other systems based on an inert polymeric matrix are described, focusing on their proposed applications.A great emphasis is afterwards given to biodegradable matrix systems.The most widely used synthetic bioresorbable systems are analysed and compared with an example of natural origin degradable composites–starch based composites.Finally, composite systems that are non-processable by melt based routes and in many cases injectable are discussed in detail, including several recent developments on this emerging area of research

Control of quantum transverse correlations on a four-photon system

Control of spatial quantum correlations in bi-photons is one of the fundamental principles of Quantum Imaging. Up to now, experiments have been restricted to controlling the state of a single bi-photon, by using linear optical elements. In this work we demonstrate experimental control of quantum correlations in a four-photon state comprised of two pairs of photons. Our scheme is based on a high-efficiency parametric downconversion source coupled to a double slit by a variable linear optical setup, in order to obtain spatially encoded qubits. Both entangled and separable pairs have been obtained, by altering experimental parameters. We show how the correlations influence both the interference and diffraction on the double slit.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Prácticas de Preparación de Nutrición Parenteral Neonatal en Portugal; Comparación con las Recomendaciones Españolas

Evaluar la práctica de preparación de nutrición parenteral (NP) neonatal en Portugal y su concordancia con las recomendaciones del Consenso Español sobre Preparación de Mezclas Nutrientes Parenterales 2008. Métodos: Cuestionario electrónico sobre elementos relativos a la preparación de la NP, enviado entre junio y octubre 2009 a los farmacéuticos o enfermeros responsables de la preparación de la NP neonatal en los 50 hospitales (públicos y privados) de Portugal con unidades de cuidados especiales neonatales. Resultados: Se preparaba NP neonatal en 30 hospitales,de los que 22 (73,3%) respondieron la encuesta. En el 77% de los hospitales, la NP neonatal se preparaba en los servicios farmacéuticos y en la propia unidad neonatal en el resto. En la mayoría de hospitales se preparaba apenas en los días laborables, y la en la mitad de los casos la prescripción llegaba a los responsables en soporte digital. Los responsables identificaron diversos problemas asociados a la interpretación de la prescripción (14-41% de las NP). La práctica de la mayoría de los hospitales portugueses estaba en concordancia con el Consenso Español en documentación, instalaciones y equipamientos, recursos humanos y etiquetado. En cuanto a las soluciones, la mayoría estaba en concordancia con los plazos límite de utilización, fotoprotección, utilización de filtros terminales, control físico-químico por inspección visual y control microbiológico. Conclusiones: Los resultados del presente estudio proporcionan un buen panorama de la práctica de preparación de la NP neonatal en Portugal. La comparación con el Consenso Español permitió identificar los puntos débiles y de mejora

Magnetic reconfiguration of MnAs/GaAs(001) observed by Magnetic Force Microscopy and Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering

We investigated the thermal evolution of the magnetic properties of MnAs epitaxial films grown on GaAs(001) during the coexistence of hexagonal/orthorhombic phases using polarized resonant (magnetic) soft X-ray scattering and magnetic force microscopy. The results of the diffuse satellite X-ray peaks were compared to those obtained by magnetic force microscopy and suggest a reorientation of ferromagnetic terraces as temperature rises. By measuring hysteresis loops at these peaks we show that this reorientation is common to all ferromagnetic terraces. The reorientation is explained by a simple model based on the shape anisotropy energy. Demagnetizing factors were calculated for different configurations suggested by the magnetic images. We noted that the magnetic moments flip from an in-plane mono-domain orientation at lower temperatures to a three-domain out-of-plane configuration at higher temperatures. The transition was observed when the ferromagnetic stripe width L is equal to 2.9 times the film thickness d. This is in good agreement with the expected theoretical value of L = 2.6d.Comment: 16 pages in PD

X-ray method to study temperature-dependent stripe domains in MnAs/GaAs(001)

MnAs films grown on GaAs (001) exhibit a progressive transition between hexagonal (ferromagnetic) and orthorhombic (paramagnetic) phases at wide temperature range instead of abrupt transition during the first-order phase transition. The coexistence of two phases is favored by the anisotropic strain arising from the constraint on the MnAs films imposed by the substrate. This phase coexistence occurs in ordered arrangement alternating periodic terrace steps. We present here a method to study the surface morphology throughout this transition by means of specular and diffuse scattering of soft x-rays, tuning the photon energy at the Mn 2p resonance. The results show the long-range arrangement of the periodic stripe-like structure during the phase coexistence and its period remains constant, in agreement with previous results using other techniques.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Applied Physics Letter