Endoscopic management of Lynch syndrome and of familial risk of colorectal cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline

Main Recommendations ESGE recommends that individuals with Lynch syndrome should be followed in dedicated units that practice monitoring of compliance and endoscopic performance measures. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence, level of agreement 100 %. ESGE recommends starting colonoscopy surveillance at the age of 25 years for MLH1 and MSH2 mutation carriers and at the age of 35 years for MSH6 and PMS2 mutation carriers. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence, level of agreement 100 %. ESGE recommends the routine use of high-definition endoscopy systems in individuals with Lynch syndrome. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence, level of agreement 100 %. ESGE suggests the use of chromoendoscopy may be of benefit in individuals with Lynch syndrome undergoing colonoscopy; however routine use must be balanced against costs, training, and practical considerations. Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence, level of agreement 89 %. ESGE recommends definition of familial risk of colorectal cancer as the presence of at least two first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer or at least one first-degree relative with colorectal cancer before the age of 50 years. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence, level of agreement 92 %. ESGE recommends colonoscopy surveillance in first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients in families that fulfill the definition of familial risk of colorectal cancer. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence, level of agreement 100 %.Cellular mechanisms in basic and clinical gastroenterology and hepatolog

Effects of the harvest stage of maize hybrids on the chemical composition of plant fractions: an analysis of the different types of silage

14 páginas, 1 figura, 6 tablas.The chemical composition of plant components of three maize hybrids harvested at thebeginning of six reproductive stages of maturity was compared. The hybrids evaluated includedMaximus VIP3, Defender VIP and Feroz VIP, which were evaluated at each of following stages: R1(grain formation), R2 (milky grain), R3 (pasty grain), R4 (floury grain), R5 (hard grain) and R6 (ripegrain). The advancement in maturation was linearly related to the crude protein (CP) content ofthe stem, whole plant, and leaves, and there was a difference among the hybrids. Between R4 andR5 stages, Maximus and Defender presented the highest CP contents for husk (6.58 and 5.42% forMaximus; 5.54 and 5.17% for Defender). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the leaves showed aquadratic relationship with the advancement of maturation but did not differ among the hybrids.For all the hybrids, the NDF content in the husk and cobs increased linearly during the reproductivestages (>77 and 78%, respectively, for the three hybrids in R6). Defender had the lowest NDF contentof the cob in R3. The acid detergent lignin contents did not differ among stages in the stems, andshowed a linear decrease throughout the whole plant, though the contents did not differ amongthe hybrids. Due to the differences observed, recommendations for harvest based on the maturitystage for each hybrid should be taken into consideration. There seems to be no important distinctionamong hybrids for harvesting and use of straw. Despite the reduction in grain yield, an early harvestfor earlage or snaplage can provide lower lignin content in husk and cob, as well as higher proteincontent in the husk, favoring the nutritional value of the vegetative fraction (husk and/or cob)Peer reviewe

An overview on Callovian- Cenomanian intracratonic basins of Northeast Brazil: Onshore stratigraphic record of the opening of the southern Atlantic

A number of small Callovian-Albian sedimentary basins occur in the NE-trending Araripe-Potiguar topographic lowlying area. These basins developed in a fairly narrow zone of Precambrian supracrustal rocks from the Middle Jurassic onwards, as a consequence of the reactivation of ancient fault lines. The basin formation and subsidence took place during five tectonic stages related with the opening of the Southern Atlantic Ocean and the split of South America from Africa. The tectonic-sedimentary sequences that fill these basins record successive evolutionary stages. 1) Proto-rift stage, with minor episodes of a) pre-rift ( Callovian -Tithonian) with basin formation and deposition of coarse to conglomeratic sandstones in alluvial fan and braided river systems; (b) tectonic quiescence with continuing subsidence, resulting in hundreds of meters of pelites accumulated mainly in lacustrine and foodplain environments (Tithonian-Berriasian). 2) Syn-rift stage: a) tectonic reactivation with erosion and deposition of sandstones in alluvial fan and braided to low-sinuosity river systems; (b) during more quiet periods, accumulation of fine-grained deposits in lacustrine, palustrine and foodplain environments took place (Berriasian-early Barremian). 3) Erosional stage that would correspond to a transitional proto-oceanic gulf phase in the southern Atlantic and a shift of rifting to the equatorial Atlantic area, causing erosion in the study area (late Barremian-early Aptian). 4) Post-rift stage: (a) related to the beginning of drift in the Atlantic Ocean. This stage is characterised by deposition in the area of shallow lacustrine fine-grained siliciclastics, limestones and gypsum under dry climate (late Aptian-early Albian); (b) two short marine transgressions affected the area and, as a consequence, shallow marine limestones were deposited (late Aptian and Albian); (c) a marine regression resulted in a return to continental conditions with deposition of coastal and lagoonal limestones, lacustrine rhythmites and fluvial sandstones (Albian-early Cenomanian?). Some of the lacustrine to fluvial dominated sequences as well as the marine deposits in these basins include highly fossiliferous units (i.e. Crato and Romualdo Fms. of the Santana Group), with very diverse, exceptionally well preserved fossil assemblages (insects, fishes and reptiles, among others), although they are mainly endemic. 5) Uplift stage: last stage of tectonic calm and slow uplift and erosion (since Cenomanian). On the basis of our proposals further sedimentological and paleontological studies have been undertaken, which confirm the existence of an alternative connection between the equatorial and southern parts of the Atlantic Ocean in Aptian-Albian times. Moreover, the last break-up stages between Brazil and Africa took place probably in the Campania

An overview on Callovian-Cenomanian intracratonic basins of Northeast Brazil : onshore stratrigraphic record of the opening of the southern Atlantic

A number of small Callovian-Albian sedimentary basins occur in the NE-trending Araripe-Potiguar topographic lowlying area. These basins developed in a fairly narrow zone of Precambrian supracrustal rocks from the Middle Jurassic onwards, as a consequence of the reactivation of ancient fault lines. The basin formation and subsidence took place during five tectonic stages related with the opening of the Southern Atlantic Ocean and the split of South America from Africa. The tectonic-sedimentary sequences that fill these basins record successive evolutionary stages. 1) Proto-rift stage, with minor episodes of a) pre-rift (Callovian -Tithonian) with basin formation and deposition of coarse to conglomeratic sandstones in alluvial fan and braided river systems; (b) tectonic quiescence with continuing subsidence, resulting in hundreds of meters of pelites accumulated mainly in lacustrine and foodplain environments (Tithonian-Berriasian). 2) Syn-rift stage: a) tectonic reactivation with erosion and deposition of sandstones in alluvial fan and braided to low-sinuosity river systems; (b) during more quiet periods, accumulation of fine-grained deposits in lacustrine, palustrine and foodplain environments took place (Berriasian-early Barremian). 3) Erosional stage that would correspond to a transitional proto-oceanic gulf phase in the southern Atlantic and a shift of rifting to the equatorial Atlantic area, causing erosion in the study area (late Barremian-early Aptian). 4) Post-rift stage: (a) related to the beginning of drift in the Atlantic Ocean. This stage is characterised by deposition in the area of shallow lacustrine fine-grained siliciclastics, limestones and gypsum under dry climate (late Aptian-early Albian); (b) two short marine transgressions affected the area and, as a consequence, shallow marine limestones were deposited (late Aptian and Albian); (c) a marine regression resulted in a return to continental conditions with deposition of coastal and lagoonal limestones, lacustrine rhythmites and fluvial sandstones (Albian-early Cenomanian?). Some of the lacustrine to fluvial dominated sequences as well as the marine deposits in these basins include highly fossiliferous units (i.e. Crato and Romualdo Fms. of the Santana Group), with very diverse, exceptionally well preserved fossil assemblages (insects, fishes and reptiles, among others), although they are mainly endemic. 5) Uplift stage: last stage of tectonic calm and slow uplift and erosion (since Cenomanian). On the basis of our proposals further sedimentological and paleontological studies have been undertaken, which confirm the existence of an alternative connection between the equatorial and southern parts of the Atlantic Ocean in Aptian-Albian times. Moreover, the last break-up stages between Brazil and Africa took place probably in the Campanian

Endoscopic management of polyposis syndromes: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline

ESGE recommends that individuals with hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes should be surveilled in dedicated units that provide monitoring of compliance and endoscopic performance measures. Strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence, level of agreement 90\u200a%.ESGE recommends performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, small-bowel examination, and/or colonoscopy earlier than the planned surveillance procedure if a patient is symptomatic. Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence, level of agreement 100\u200a%