232 research outputs found
Non-Sequential Machine Learning Pipelines with pyWATTS
pyWATTS is an open-source Python-based workflow automation tool for time series analysis. pyWATTS simplifies the evaluation process and the design of repetitive machine learning experiments with time series by providing a powerful pipeline solution including preprocessing and analysis modules. Unlike existing sequential pipeline solutions, pyWATTS enables more complex and non-sequential pipelines. Such non-sequential pipelines are beneficial, for example, in forecasting electrical load time series, detecting anomalies in time series, or generating synthetic time series. This talk presents the basic ideas of pyWATTS, the current features, and existing use cases. It also gives an outlook on the future developments of pyWATTS and the cooperation with sktime
Konstruktion von Methodiken:VorschlĂ€ge fĂŒr eine begriffliche Grundlegung und domĂ€nenspezifische Anwendungsbeispiele
Near-infrared wavefront sensing for the VLT interferometer
The very large telescope (VLT) interferometer (VLTI) in its current operating
state is equipped with high-order adaptive optics (MACAO) working in the
visible spectrum. A low-order near-infrared wavefront sensor (IRIS) is
available to measure non-common path tilt aberrations downstream the high-order
deformable mirror. For the next generation of VLTI instrumentation, in
particular for the designated GRAVITY instrument, we have examined various
designs of a four channel high-order near-infrared wavefront sensor. Particular
objectives of our study were the specification of the near-infrared detector in
combination with a standard wavefront sensing system. In this paper we present
the preliminary design of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor operating in the
near-infrared wavelength range, which is capable of measuring the wavefronts of
four telescopes simultaneously. We further present results of our design study,
which aimed at providing a first instrumental concept for GRAVITY.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, to appear in "Ground-based and Airborne
Instrumentation for Astronomy II" SPIE conference, Marseille, 23-28 June 200
Acute effects of moderate vs. vigorous endurance exercise on urinary metabolites in healthy, young men : A multi-platform metabolomics approach
Vascular CXCR4 Expression â a Novel Antiangiogenic Target in Gastric Cancer?
BACKGROUND:
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are prime candidates for novel cancer prevention and treatment strategies. We searched for differentially expressed GPCRs in node positive gastric carcinomas.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:
Differential expression of GPCRs in three node positive vs. three node negative intestinal type gastric carcinomas was analyzed by gene array technology. The candidate genes CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 were validated by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in an independent set of 37 gastric carcinomas. Translation was studied by immunohistochemistry in 347 gastric carcinomas using tissue microarrays as well as in 61 matching lymph node metastases. Protein expression was correlated with clinicopathological patient characteristics and survival. 52 GPCRs and GPCR-related genes were up- or down-regulated in node positive gastric cancer, including CXCL12. Differential expression of CXCL12 was confirmed by RT-PCR and correlated with local tumour growth. CXCL12 immunopositivity was negatively associated with distant metastases and tumour grade. Only 17% of gastric carcinomas showed CXCR4 immunopositive tumour cells, which was associated with higher local tumour extent. 29% of gastric carcinomas showed CXCR4 positive tumour microvessels. Vascular CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with higher local tumour extent as well as higher UICC-stages. When expressing both, CXCL12 in tumour cells and CXCR4 in tumour microvessels, these tumours also were highly significantly associated with higher T- and UICC-stages. Three lymph node metastases revealed vascular CXCR4 expression while tumour cells completely lacked CXCR4 in all cases. The expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 had no impact on patient survival.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:
Our results substantiate the significance of GPCRs on the biology of gastric carcinomas and provide evidence that the CXCL12-CXCR4 pathway might be a novel promising antiangiogenic target for the treatment of gastric carcinomas
The GRAVITY Coud\'e Infrared Adaptive Optics (CIAO) system for the VLT Interferometer
GRAVITY is a second generation instrument for the VLT Interferometer,
designed to enhance the near-infrared astrometric and spectro-imaging
capabilities of VLTI. Combining beams from four telescopes, GRAVITY will
provide an astrometric precision of order 10 micro-arcseconds, imaging
resolution of 4 milli-arcseconds, and low and medium resolution
spectro-interferometry, pushing its performance far beyond current infrared
interfero- metric capabilities. To maximise the performance of GRAVITY,
adaptive optics correction will be implemented at each of the VLT Unit
Telescopes to correct for the effects of atmospheric turbulence. To achieve
this, the GRAVITY project includes a development programme for four new
wavefront sensors (WFS) and NIR-optimized real time control system. These
devices will enable closed-loop adaptive correction at the four Unit Telescopes
in the range 1.4-2.4 {\mu}m. This is crucially important for an efficient
adaptive optics implementation in regions where optically bright references
sources are scarce, such as the Galactic Centre. We present here the design of
the GRAVITY wavefront sensors and give an overview of the expected adaptive
optics performance under typical observing conditions. Benefiting from newly
developed SELEX/ESO SAPHIRA electron avalanche photodiode (eAPD) detectors
providing fast readout with low noise in the near-infrared, the AO systems are
expected to achieve residual wavefront errors of \leq400 nm at an operating
frequency of 500 Hz.Comment: to be published in Proc. SPIE vol. 8446 (2012
Discriminative T-cell receptor recognition of highly homologous HLA-DQ2âbound gluten epitopes
Celiac disease (CeD) provides an opportunity to study the specificity underlying human T-cell responses to an array of similar epitopes presented by the same human leukocyte antigen II (HLA-II) molecule. Here, we investigated T-cell responses to the two immunodominant and highly homologous HLA-DQ2.5ârestricted gluten epitopes, DQ2.5-glia-α1a (PFPQPELPY) and DQ2.5-glia-Ï1 (PFPQPEQPF). Using HLA-DQ2.5âDQ2.5-glia-α1a and HLA-DQ2.5âDQ2.5-glia-Ï1 tetramers and single-cell αÎČ T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, we observed that despite similarity in biased variable-gene usage in the TCR repertoire responding to these nearly identical peptideâHLA-II complexes, most of the T cells are specific for either of the two epitopes. To understand the molecular basis of this exquisite fine specificity, we undertook Ala substitution assays revealing that the p7 residue (Leu/Gln) is critical for specific epitope recognition by both DQ2.5-glia-α1aâ and DQ2.5-glia-Ï1âreactive T-cell clones. We determined high-resolution binary crystal structures of HLA-DQ2.5 bound to DQ2.5-glia-α1a (2.0 Ă
) and DQ2.5-glia-Ï1 (2.6 Ă
). These structures disclosed that differences around the p7 residue subtly alter the neighboring substructure and electrostatic properties of the HLA-DQ2.5âpeptide complex, providing the fine specificity underlying the responses against these two highly homologous gluten epitopes. This study underscores the ability of TCRs to recognize subtle differences in the peptideâHLA-II landscape in a human disease setting
Ryugu as seen close up by MASCOT
In October 2018, MASCOT landed on the surface of
Ryugu to start a campaign of in-situ measurements. Its
brief mission was successful, with the onboard camera
revealing the surface of this C-type asteroid in unpre-
cedented detail. The presence of abundant mm-sized,
multi-colored inclusions in one rock suggests a link
between Ryugu and carbonaceous chondrites
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