Variabilidade espacial da produtividade e do estado nutricional do cafeeiro Canephora

Utilizing precision farming techniques along with the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) allows crop management to be improved, thereby making it possible to better control plant nutrition and to assist in reducing fertilizer expenditures. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of the nutritional status of conilon coffee (Coffea canephora), using the Nutritional Balance index (NBI). 140 points were georeferenced within a coffee crop, each sampling point contained five plants. Leaf samples were analyzed in order to determine levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B, Zn, Mn and Cu. The crop showed itself to have a nutritional imbalance, as shown by the deficiency and excess variation of some nutrients in the crop. The nutritional balance index (NBI) was not correlated with productivity (Prod), indicating that, when the crop has a high nutritional imbalance IBN is not a good tool for establishing nutritional standards for conilon coffee.O uso das técnicas da agricultura de precisão aliada ao Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação (DRIS) permite o aperfeiçoamento do manejo da lavoura, possibilitando melhor controle nutricional da planta e contribuindo para reduzir gastos com fertilizante. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a variabilidade espacial do estado nutricional do cafeeiro conilon (Coffea canephora), utilizando o Índice de Balanço Nutricional (IBN). Em uma lavoura de café foram amostrados 140 pontos georreferenciados, sendo cada ponto amostral constituído de cinco plantas. As amostras foliares foram analisadas para determinação dos teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B, Zn, Mn e Cu. A lavoura apresenta desequilíbrio nutricional mostrado pela variação da deficiência e excesso de alguns nutrientes na lavoura. O índice de balanceamento nutricional (IBN) não apresentou correlação com a produtividade (Prod), indicando que, quando a lavoura apresenta elevado desequilíbrio nutricional o IBN não é uma boa ferramenta para o estabelecimento de um padrão nutricional para o café conilon

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Spatial Distribution of the Incidence of fusarium wilt in Black Pepper and Associations with Soil Attributes

The black pepper is one of the most important spices and consumed worldwide. The fusarium wilt is the major disease that attacks the pipericultura in Brazil and is caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis (Nectria haematococca f. sp. piperis). Plant growth and root diseases are directly influenced by physical, chemical and biological soil environment, which are interconnected and form complex associations between them. The plant nutrition and a fertile soil with good physical characteristics influence all parts of the triangle of root diseases. New tools to investigate the variability and complexity of the interaction between the soil environment and pathogen are poorly studied, so the aim of this study was to research and implement methods of geostatistics to understand the distribution and spatial correlation of the intensity of Fusarium in black pepper crop with soil attributes. The experiment was conducted in the period from 2010 to 2011 in the North of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Geostatistics was used to study the spatial dependence and implanted a regular sampling grid of 12,000 m2. For the intensity of the disease was performed seven assessments, totaling 303 days, making the last evaluation soil samples for determinations chemistry, physics and texture. For the spatial correlation between disease severity with soil attributes, we used the analysis of variograms. The maps of the distribution of the disease over time show an initial focus on the edges of the crop, alongside a crop of older black pepper kingdom. The disease correlates spatially with the attributes fine sand ratio Mg / K, magnesium, pH, exchangeable acidity and base saturationA pimenta-do-reino é uma das especiarias mais importantes e consumidas no mundo. A fusariose é a principal doença que ataca a pipericultura no Brasil e é causada pelo fungo Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis (Nectria haematococca f. sp. piperis). O desenvolvimento das plantas assim como das doenças radiculares são influênciadas diretamente pelos componentes físicos, químicos e biológicos do ambiente do solo, que são interligados e formam associações complexas entre si. A nutrição da planta e um solo fértil com boas características físicas influênciam todas as partes do triângulo das doenças radiculares. Novas ferramentas capazes de pesquisar a variabilidade e a complexidade da interação entre ambiente do solo e patógeno são pouco estudadas, portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi pesquisar e aplicar métodos da geoestatística para compreender a distribuição e a correlação espacial da intensidade de fusariose em pimenta-do-reino com os atributos do solo. O experimento foi conduzido no período de 2010 a 2011, na Região Norte do Estado do Espírito Santo. A geoestatística foi utilizada para estudar a dependência espacial e implantou-se uma malha amostral regular de 12.000 m2. Para a intensidade da doença foi realizada sete avaliações, totalizando 303 dias, realizando na ultima avaliação as amostragens de solo para determinações química, física e textural. Para a correlação espacial entre intensidade da doença com os atributos do solo, utilizou-se o escalonamento dos variogramas. Os mapas da distribuição da doença ao longo do tempo mostram foco inicial nas bordas da lavoura, ao lado de uma lavoura mais velha de pimenta-do-reino. A doença correlaciona-se espacialmente com os atributos areia fina, relação Mg/K, magnésio, pH, acidez trocável e saturação por baseCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Update of the Brazilian consensus recommendations on Duchenne muscular dystrophy

In the last few decades, there have been considerable improvements in the diagnosis and care of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common childhood muscular dystrophy. International guidelines have been published and recently reviewed. A group of Brazilian experts has developed a standard of care based on a literature review with evidence-based graded recommendations in a two-part publication. Implementing best practice management has helped change the natural history of this chronic progressive disorder, in which the life expectancy for children of the male sex in the past used to be very limited. Since the previous publication, diagnosis, steroid treatment, rehabilitation, and systemic care have gained more significant insights with new original work in certain fields. Furthermore, the development of new drugs is ongoing, and some interventions have been approved for use in certain countries. Therefore, we have identified the need to review the previous care recommendations for Brazilian patients with DMD. Our objective was to create an evidence-based document that is an update on our previous consensus on those topics